Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (107 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (25 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
jean	n: a sturdy cotton twill fabric, typically blue, used for jeans and other clothing
durability	n: the ability to withstand wear, pressure, or damage over a while; longevity
denim	n: a sturdy cotton fabric, typically blue or black, used for making jeans or other clothing
construct	v: to build or create something; to assemble or combine different parts to form something whole
sturdy	adj: physically strong and not easily damaged
cotton	n: a plant that is grown in warm countries and bears bolls containing seeds with soft and long hairs that are made into textile fiber and thread for sewing
weave	v: to make cloth, a carpet, a basket, etc., by repeatedly crossing a single thread through two sets of long threads at a right angle to them
rivet	n: a short metal pin or bolt with a flat head used for joining things together
reinforce	v: to strengthen or support something, especially by adding another material to it; to make emotion, idea, etc. stronger
introduction	n: a preliminary explanation or remarks given before the start of a text, performance, or event; the act of bringing something new into existence or introducing something to a wider audience or new market
brand	n: a type of product, service, etc., made by a particular company and sold under a specific name; identification mark on the skin of livestock, criminals, etc., made by burning
durable	adj: capable of lasting and being used for a long time without being damaged or destroyed
trousers	n: a pair of leg coverings that extends from the waist to the ankles covering each leg separately, often referred to as pants
miner	n: a person who works in a mine (= excavation in the Earth from which ores and minerals are extracted), especially one who extracts coal, minerals, or precious metals from the Earth
withstand	v: to resist the effect or impact of something
pants	n: an item of clothing that covers the lower part of the body and each leg separately, typically with a waistband and two legs
transform	v: to change in outward structure or looks;
fashion	n: a style that is popular at a particular time or place; the state of being popular
icon	n: a picture or statue of a holy person considered to be a sacred thing; a little icon on the screen of a computer or smartphone that denotes an application or a file
gram	n: a metric unit of weight equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram
roughly	adv: approximately but not precisely; with a violent manner
mention	v: to speak or write about something or someone briefly
herbicide	n: a substance used to kill or control the growth of unwanted plants
pesticide	n: a substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest
contaminate	v: to make something impure, unclean, or poisonous by contact or mixture
groundwater	n: water that is present beneath the surface of the ground, especially in soil or in pores and crevices in rock
harvest	n: yields of plants in a single growing season; the period of the year when gathering occurs on a farm
industrial	adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry
transport	n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on
textile	n: any type of cloth made by weaving or felting or knitting
spin	v: to cause something to rotate rapidly; to cause someone to feel dizzy or disoriented
yarn	n: a long, thin thread or fiber, typically made of wool or cotton, used for knitting, weaving, or sewing; a long, elaborate, or fictional story, often told informally or with exaggeration; (verb) to tell a long, often embellished story or to spin a tale
typical	adj: having the usual characteristics or traits of a specific group of things
combine	v: to join or merge to form a single thing or group
fiber	n: thread or filament used to make a vegetable tissue, mineral material, or textile
spandex	n: a stretchy synthetic fiber that can be woven into fabric and used in tight-fitting garments such as exercise clothing or underwear
elasticity	n: the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed; flexibility; adaptability to change
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
flexible	adj: able to change or be changed to suit new conditions or situations; able to bend easily
dye	v: to color a textile or hair by immersing it in a colored liquid or substance
trademark	n: a name or symbol on a product that indicates it was made by a particular company and cannot be used without permission by other companies
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
derive	v: to obtain or receive something from a source
indigo	adj: a deep blue or purple-blue color; also, the plant that yields Indigo dye
manufacture	v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines
synthetic	adj: made by combining chemical substances as opposed to being naturally occurring
petroleum	n: a flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons that occurs naturally in certain rock formations and can also be refined to produce fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel
byproduct	n: a secondary or incidental product produced in the manufacture or synthesis of something else
toxic	adj: of or relating to or caused by a poison; poisonous
chemical	adj: relating to or connected with chemistry;
blend	v: to mix or combine two or more substances
sew	v: to join, fasten, or repair two pieces of something by putting the thread through them with a needle
assembly	n: a group of people who have been elected, especially one that meets regularly and makes decisions or laws for a specific region or country
undergo	v: to go through something unpleasant or that involves a change
addition	n: the act or process of adding something to something else; the process of adding numbers
procedure	n: a way of doing something, especially the official or well-known way
distress	n: a feeling of great worry, sadness, pain, or discomfort
spray	n: a fine mist of liquid that is dispersed into the air; flower arrangement consisting of a single branch or shoot bearing flowers and foliage
cycle	n: an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; a bicycle or motorcycle
acid	n: sour; water-soluble chemicals with a sour flavor; any of a variety of generally liquid compounds capable of reacting with and occasionally dissolving other materials
runoff	n: the occurrence of surplus liquid such as water that exceeds the limit or capacity; another competition, election, race, etc., following a tie or inconclusive outcome
fin	n: a thin flat part on the body of a fish or other aquatic animal used for propulsion or balance
zip	n: a fastener made of interlocking teeth or ridges that is used to join two edges or pieces of fabric; a sound or motion that resembles the sound made by a zipper when it is pulled; (of a computer) a popular file compression and archiving format; (short for Zone Improvement Plan) a system of postal codes used in the United States to help facilitate mail delivery more efficiently
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
degradation	n: the condition or process of changing to a lower state, or a less respected state
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
emit	v: to give off or send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.
carbon	n: a chemical element that can be found in pure form as diamond or graphite, and it is also an essential part of coal and oil and is found in all plants and animals
equivalent	n: having the same value, quality, meaning, purpose, etc.
dam	n: a wall constructed over a river to block the flow of water, mainly used to generate energy
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
labor	n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal
frequent	adj: happening constantly
expose	v: to show something by uncovering it; to make something accessible to some action or influence
technique	n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill
sandblast	v: to clean or etch a surface with high-pressure blasting of abrasive material such as sand or glass beads; (noun) a process in which a high-pressure stream of sand or other abrasive material is used to clean, shape, or etch a surface
involve	v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else
sand	n: finely granulated particles of rock or mineral material typically found along beaches, deserts, or riverbeds; used in construction, landscaping, and other applications requiring drainage or abrasive action
numerous	adj: amounting to a large indefinite number
incurable	adj: not able to be cured, healed, or remedied; beyond recovery or redemption
lung	n: either of the two organs in the chest that people and some animals use for breathing
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
intensive	adj: involving a lot of work or activity in a short time
release	v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement
microplastic	n: tiny plastic fragments in the environment originating from consumer products and industrial waste
ironic	adj: using words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal or usual meaning, often for humorous or rhetorical effect
lifespan	n: the length of time for which a person, animal lives, or thing exists
discard	v: to throw something away or get rid of something that you no longer wanted or need
landfill	n: a site for the disposal of waste materials
decomposition	n: the process of breaking down organic matter into simpler substances through natural processes such as decay
methane	n: a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4 with no smell or color, often used as a fuel
leach	v: to remove or drain away something from a material, usually by seeping or filtering, such as chemicals from soil or minerals from rock
soil	n: the top layer of Earth in which plants grow
organic	adj: of or derived from biological substance; producing plants and animals for food and other items without the use of synthetic chemicals
recycle	v: to sort and collect things to process them and produce valuable materials that can be used again
reuse	v: to use something again or more than once
recommend	v: to suggest that someone or something would be a suitable fit for a particular purpose or role
consumption	n: the amount used or eaten; the act of using up a resource such as energy, food, or materials
extend	v: to broaden in scope, range, or area
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
pursue	v: to do something or attempt to attain something over time; to follow or seek someone or something, especially in trying to catch them
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
responsible	adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management
welfare	n: the general health, happiness, and prosperous of a person or group
sustainable	adj: able to continue or be continued for a long time
rampant	adj: (especially of something bad or unwelcome) flourishing or spreading everywhere in a way that cannot be controlled
industrious	adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort