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All Words (549 Words)

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Advanced Words (152 Words)

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Word	Meaning	Advanced
agriculture	n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock
independence	n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence
scholar	n: professor; a person who studies a topic in considerable depth, particularly in a university
Mediterranean	n: the sea encircled by southern Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia
desert	n: arid land with little or no vegetation often covered with sand or rocks
sub-Saharan	adj: of or relating to or situated in the area south of the Sahara Desert
settle	v: to reach an agreement of disagreement
scatter	v: to cause to separate and go in different directions
concentration	n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else.
domesticate	v: to take control of animals or plants to provide food, power, or company
crop	n: a plant that is cultivated in large amounts, particularly for food
millet	n: a tiny seed of any of several annual cereal types of grass used as food, mainly to manufacture flour and to feed birds and animals
sorghum	n: a type of grain grown in tropical countries
origin	n: the first existence or beginning of something
diffuse	adj: spread out widely; not concentrated in one place
demonstrate	v: to display something or give an exhibition to an interested audience
receptive	adj: willing to listen to or accept new ideas or suggestions
importation	n: the commercial activity of buying and bringing in goods from a foreign country
propose	v: to make a proposal, declare a plan for something
extend	v: to broaden in scope, range, or area
livestock	n: farm animals and birds such as cows, sheep, and chickens
cattle	n: cows, bulls, and buffalos that are raised for their milk or meat as farm animals
apparently	adv: based on what you have heard or read
invade	v: to enter aggressively into another’s territory by military force for conquest and occupation
chariot	n: a two-wheeled horse-drawn battle vehicle used in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome for warfare and racing
traverse	v: to cross or move through a land or water area
adopt	v: to choose to follow something; to legally take a child from another family and care for them as if they were one’s own
savannah	n: a mixed forest and grassland ecosystem where the trees are far enough apart that the canopy doesn’t close
cavalry	n: a highly mobile army unit
carve	v: to create something by cutting wood or stone; to turn sharply
imperial	adj: relating to or associated with an empire or the person or country that rules it
finality	n: the fact of being conclusive or settled
camel	n: a cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions
innovation	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation
thrive	v: to grow vigorously; to make steady progress
harsh	adj: severe and unkind; extremely tough and unpleasant to inhabit
cheaply	adv: in a stingy or inexpensive manner
transport	n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on
transform	v: to change in outward structure or looks;
barrier	n: a fence or other obstruction that makes it hard to move or get in; any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective
diffusion	n: a spreading motion in multiple directions
intermediate	adj: situated between two locations, things, states, etc.; around the middle of a scale of evaluation
bronze	n: a dark red-brown metal that is created by combining copper and tin
metallurgy	n: a branch of materials science and engineering that stands at metals’ physical and chemical properties, their compounds with other metals, and their mixtures, called alloys.
copper	n: a chemical element that is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity
penetrate	v: to pass into or through something, often by overcoming resistance
roughly	adv: approximately but not precisely; with a violent manner
evident	adj: apparent to the mind, senses, or judgment
technological	adj: based on scientific and industrial progress
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
profound	adj: extremely great; sensed or experienced very strongly; displaying a high level of knowledge or comprehension
blacksmith	n: a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil
functionary	n: a worker who has official duties
hoe	n: a garden tool with a flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle
warrior	n: a person who engaged in or experienced warfare, especially in the past
symbol	n: something visible that is used to represent something else
ritual	n: any customary observance or practice; any prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
limitation	n: a rule or act that restricts the scope of something
ingenious	adj: showing inventiveness and ability or skill
furnace	n: an enclosed chamber for heating metal or glass to very high temperatures
carbon	n: a chemical element that can be found in pure form as diamond or graphite, and it is also an essential part of coal and oil and is found in all plants and animals
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
accompany	v: to go somewhere or travel with someone or something
migration	n: the movement of animals to a new location, frequently as the seasons change
flee	v: to leave by running away, especially out of fear or danger
desiccate	v: to remove moisture and liquids from something thoroughly
tongue	n: a moveable mass of muscle tissue covered with mucous membrane that is in the mouth; a language
archaeology	n: the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
conquer	v: to bring under control by force or authority
opponent	n: a person against whom you are playing or fighting in a game, competition, debate, etc.
implement	v: to put a decision, plan, or system into effect
uncertain	adj: not being sure of something; not being able to choose
peaceful	adj: not involving violence, conflict, or war
demographic	n: a statistic characterizing that describes people or groups of people based on their age, sex, income, etc.
explosion	n: a violent release induced by a chemical or nuclear reaction
liquid	n: a substance, such as water or oil that flows freely and is neither a solid nor a gas
quantity	n: the amount or number of something; magnitude
Mars	n: a small reddish planet that revolves around the sun at the fourth position and is periodically visible to the naked eye
runoff	n: the occurrence of surplus liquid such as water that exceeds the limit or capacity; another competition, election, race, etc., following a tie or inconclusive outcome
outflow	n: the leakage of fluid from a container; a natural flow of groundwater
highland	adj: an area of elevated land or hilly terrain
extensive	adj: covering a large area; having a wide range
interconnect	v: to connect similar things
twist	v: to bend or turn something into a certain shape
merge	v: to combine or integrate things, or to cause this to happen
resemblance	n: similarity in appearance or exterior or superficial details
earthy	adj: relating to or like earth or soil; not far removed from or suggestive of nature
geologist	n: a scientist or specialist who studies geology
rainfall	n: the amount of rain that falls in a specific location at a particular moment
valley	n: a long depression on the surface of the land, which typically contains a river
Martian	adj: of or relating to Mars or its imaginary inhabitants
atmosphere	n: the mass of air that surrounds the Earth; the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or creative work
widespread	adj: existing or happening in various places or among many people
relic	n: an object from a previous era, especially one of historical value
catastrophic	adj: extremely harmful; causing physical or financial destruction
flood	n: a large amount of water flowing beyond its normal limits; an overwhelming number or amount
equator	n: an line of latitude that separates Earth’s northern and southern hemispheres and has a radius of around 40,075 kilometers (24,901 miles)
volume	n: the amount of space occupied by an object or substance; the magnitude of sound
drain	v: to empty or dry something by removing the liquid from it
plain	adj: without being decorated in any way; (Noun) a vast expanse of flat land with few trees
onrush	n: a strong forward rush or flow; an offensive against an enemy
flash	n: a sudden intense burst of radiant energy; a momentary brightness
odd	adj: strange or unexpected; not divisible by two
teardrop	n: anything shaped like a falling drop as a pendant gem on an earring; a single tear that falls from the eye
resemble	v: to look like or be similar to someone or something
miniature	adj: being on a very small scale
tide	n: the cyclical rise and fall of sea level caused by the moon’s gravitational pull
judiciary	n: persons who administer or enforce justice
depth	n: the distance between the top and bottom of something; between the top surface and a distance below it
approximately	adv: close to a specific number or time but not exactly that number or time
volcanic	adj: relating to or produced by or consisting of volcano
speculate	v: to form a theory or conjecture or guess about a subject without solid evidence
extended	adj: longer than usual or anticipated
adorn	v: to make something or somebody more attractive or beautiful
surveyor	n: an engineer who measures and records the details of areas of land
specialize	v: to become an expert in a specific career field, study, or business
sediment	n: the substance that forms a solid layer at the bottom of the liquid
crater	n: a huge bowl-shaped cavity in the earth or an object in space, usually created by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite
expanse	n: a substance, such as water or oil, that flows freely and is neither a solid nor a gas
compute	v: to make a mathematical calculation
polar	adj: relating to, or close to, the North or South Pole; characterized by complete opposites
extent	n: the point or degree or area to which something extends
ancient	adj: relating to the long ago, particularly the historical period preceding the fall of the Western Roman Empire; very old
lowland	n: low-lying country or region
basin	n: a natural depression or valley that is circular or oval on the surface of the earth, especially one that has water in it; a container with a bowl form that is typically used to hold food or liquids
rim	n: the edge of something in the shape of a more or less circular object
controversial	adj: causing a lot of hot public discussion and dispute
proponent	n: a person who supports an idea or pleads for a cause
terrace	n: commonly paved outdoor space next to a house; a row of homes that were all constructed in the same design and shared dividing walls
conceivable	adj: imaginable or possible to understand or believe in the mind
evaporate	v: to turn a liquid into a gas; to become less intense and disappear gradually
shoreline	n: a line that separates land and sea
recede	v: to pull back or move away or backward
detract	v: to diminish the value or worth of a quality or performance
geology	n: a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
depressed	adj: sad and without any hope
hemisphere	n: half of the terrestrial globe; half of a sphere
carbonate	n: a carbonic acid salt or ester that contains the anion CO3
compound	n: an item composed of two or more distinct elements combined; a chemical formed by the combination of two or more elements
abundance	n: a significant amount of something; the situation in which there is too much of something
absence	n: the fact or condition of being away from a place where they are typically anticipated to be
imply	v: to indicate the truth or existence of something without referring to it
planet	n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star
gully	n: deep water-cut trench, especially after a prolonged downpour
inconclusive	adj: without any significant results or proof or decision
astronomer	n: a physicist who studies astronomy
vapor	n: a mass of tiny liquid drops in the air
unproven	adj: not tested or proved
hint	n: an indirect suggestion; a slight but appreciable amount of something
virtually	adv: almost completely
permafrost	n: a layer of soil that is permanently below freezing, usually in polar regions
cohesive	adj: causing cohesion; bringing people or things together
peculiar	adj: odd and uncommon, sometimes in an unpleasant way
cement	v: make fast as if with cement; (noun) a building material that is a powder made of a mixture of calcined limestone and clay, used with water, sand, and small stones to make concrete
realm	n: a domain of activity, interest, or knowledge
bond	n: a close emotional connection between two or more people; a certificate of debt that a government or corporation issues to raise money
massive	adj: enormous amount; very heavy and solid
monolithic	adj: characterized by massiveness, rigidity, and uniformity
entity	n: something that exists independently and has its own identity
organization	n: a group of people who work together for a shared purpose
psychology	n: the scientific study of mind and behavior
garrison	n: a group of soldiers stationed to defend a town or fort
province	n: the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation
principle	n: a fundamental law or truth that explains or controls how something happens or works
universal	adj: existing or affecting everywhere or everyone
enforce	v: to make sure that people obey a particular law, rule, or situation
conduct	v: to organize and carry out a particular activity
absolute	adj: perfect or complete or to the most considerable degree possible
certainty	n: the state of being certain
threaten	v: to utter intentions of injury or punishment against someone
utterly	adv: completely or absolutely
obsession	n: the state in which a person’s mind is filled with thoughts of one single object or particular person
unity	n: the condition of being together or in agreement
cohesion	n: the act or state of keeping or sticking together
organism	n: a tiny living thing
expand	v: to increase or to make something greater in size, number, or importance
lane	n: a narrow road in the countryside; a well-defined track or path for someone such as a swimmer or driver
assemble	v: to collect in one place as a single group
territorial	adj: related to a specific country’s ownership of land or water
conquest	n: the act or process of taking control of a country, area, or situation
contrast	v: to put in opposition to show or emphasize differences
stark	adj: empty, simple, or apparent; devoid of any qualifications
essential	adj: indispensable; fundamental
undeniable	adj: not possible to deny; true or certain
march	v: to walk militarily with stiff, regular steps
wed	v: to marry someone
landsman	n: a person who lives and works on land
phenomenon	n: something that exists and can be perceptible, especially one that is not fully understood
emphasis	n: particular importance or significance that is given to something
instinct	n: an inborn behavioral pattern that is often responsive to specific stimuli; an innate feeling that causes you to act or believe that something is true
imperative	adj: very important or requiring attention or action
priority	n: something that is more important than other things and should be dealt with first
exploitation	n: the process of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful
probable	adj: likely to happen or likely to be true
fertile	adj: capable of producing abundant vegetation or crops; intellectually productive
habitual	adj: commonly used or repeated
settlement	n: an official agreement that brings an argument to a close; the process of establishing permanent residence in a place.
property	n: a thing or things that belong to someone
genius	n: someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality
orderly	adj: clean or organized in a neat, careful and logical way
attachment	n: a feeling of affection for someone or something
stability	n: the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast
rural	adj: of or relating to the countryside
engender	v: to make a feeling or situation exist; to cause or give rise to
foster	v: to promoto growth; to take care of another person’s child, usually for a limited time, without becoming their legal parents
virtue	n: high moral standards in behavior or attitudes
gravitas	n: the quality of seriousness and importance
devotion	n: great loyalty and love or deep consideration for someone or something
attitude	n: the way you think and feel about someone or something
infinite	adj: unlimited or very great; impossible to measure
impressive	adj: arousing admiration due to size, quality, or skill
thorough	adj: done completely; significantly careful and accurate
disgust	n: a strong feeling of dislike or disapproval
worship	v: to have or show a strong feeling of profound respect and admiration for a religious entity such as God or a god
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
predispose	v: to make someone susceptible
admire	v: to have regard for or respect for someone’s qualities or the actions they have performed
attract	v: to draw or entice someone or something towards them through the qualities they have, especially positive ones
subtlety	n: the quality of being subtle
solid	adj: hard or firm; characterized by good substantial quality
dislike	v: to not like someone or something
imitation	n: a duplicate of anything, particularly something valuable; the act of replicating someone or something
continuation	n: the act of carrying something on over time without interruption
mere	adj: used to emphasize how insignificant or minor someone or something is
derivative	n: something which is based on another thing or word or idea; a financial instrument whose value is based on another security
invention	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation; the act of inventing
division	n: the act or outcome of splitting into separate parts; a critical organizational unit or sector
intellect	n: the ability to think logically and comprehend information, especially at an advanced level
novelty	n: the quality of being new, attractive, and unusual
disdain	v: to look down on
epistle	n: a specially long, formal letter
debt	n: something, especially money, goods, or services owed by one person to another; the state of owing something
enormous	adj: extremely large or great
religion	n: a deep conviction in a supernatural power that controls human destiny
morality	n: principles of right and evil or good and bad behavior
philosophy	n: the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind
consciously	adv: with awareness; in a deliberate manner
absolutely	adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly
educated	adj: having received a high standard of education
fluent	adj: able to communicate in a specific language smoothly or effectively, or easily
advance	v: to go or move forward; to develop in a positive way
achievement	n: a thing that someone has accomplished, primarily through their effort and ability
engineer	n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software
sensibility	n: mental responsiveness and awareness toward something
accident	n: an unfortunate event, especially one causing damage or injury
statesman	n: a man who is a respected leader or politician in national or international affairs
caliber	n: a level of excellence or worth of someone or something; diameter of a tube or gun barrel
conversation	n: an informal talk between two or more people to exchange their views, ideas, information, etc.
professorship	n: a university lecturer of the highest rank, or the position of it
essay	n: a short piece of writing on a particular topic, usually written by a student as a port of a course of study
draft	n: a preliminary version of something that is not yet in its final form
overhear	v: to hear what other people are saying without intending to and their knowledge
graduate	n: a person who has a first degree from university or college; (verb) to complete the first course of university or college and get a degree
retirement	n: the fact or act of stopping working and leaving one’s job
anthropology	n: the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics in both the present and past, including past human species
depart	v: to go away or leave, especially to start a journey
bulletin	n: a short news report or program on the radio or television; an official statement or broadcast about something important
inspiring	adj: stimulating and motivating you to want to do something
pitch	n: the property of sound that varies with variation in the frequency of vibration; the degree of a slope, especially of a roof; short presentation for selling or sharing something
flashy	adj: attractive or impressive by being bright, expensive, large, etc.; (used especially of clothes) marked by conspicuous display
administer	v: to oversee and control the operation or arrangement of something
assistant	n: someone who helps or supports someone else to do a job
exciting	adj: causing a lot of interest or excitement
compile	v: to create a book, a list, a report, etc., by combining various objects, articles, music, etc.
database	n: a large amount of data stored in a computer system in such a way that it can be searched and updated easily
faculty	n: an inborn or natural ability to hear, see, think, move, etc.; a department or group of the university concerned with a major division of knowledge
glory	n: great honor or success won by notable achievements
hesitate	v: to pause decision before saying or doing something
suppose	v: to think that something is likely to be actual or possible
versatile	adj: able to do many things in different fields; having many talents
interaction	n: the act of connecting with someone, mainly when working, playing, or spending time with them
influential	adj: having significant impact or power on someone or something
ethnology	n: an academic field that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different peoples and the relationships between them
speciation	n: the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species
distinct	adj: noticeable from something else of a similar type
population	n: the total number of people in a country, region, or location
isolate	v: to physically or socially separate someone or something from other people or things
linguistic	adj: relating to language or the study of language
fascinating	adj: extremely interesting
assignment	n: a duty or task given to someone, usually as part of their job or studies
volunteer	n: a person who performs or offers to perform a job or service without being paid for or forced to do
announce	v: to make something known or officially inform people about something
refuse	v: to show that one is not willing to do or accept something
prefer	v: to like, choose, or want one thing or person better than another
preparation	n: the activity of getting ready for something or making something ready
permanent	adj: lasting for a long time without essential change
vary	v: to become different in terms of size, shape, etc.
doubt	n: a feeling of being uncertain about something, especially about how good or accurate it is
qualification	n: an official record of an exam showing that you have completed
recommend	v: to suggest that someone or something would be a suitable fit for a particular purpose or role
apologize	v: to express regret for committing wrongdoing or causing a problem
bat	n: a nocturnal animal with wings that flies and feeds at night, similar to a mouse; a piece of wood with a handle used for hitting the ball in sports including baseball, cricket, and table tennis
acoustics	n: a branch of physics that deals with the study of mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids, including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound, and infrasound
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
ultrasound	n: higher frequency sound than humans can hear
frequency	n: an ordered array of colors into which a light beam can be split
blind	adj: unable to see; unable or unwilling to perceive or understand the true nature of something
echolocation	n: the use of reflected sound waves to locate objects, particularly by dolphins and bats.
locate	v: to specify or determine the exact position of someone or something
navigation	n: the act of directing a ship or airplane from place to place; advice or information intended to resolve a problem or challenge, especially as given by someone in authority
typical	adj: having the usual characteristics or traits of a specific group of things
insect	n: any small creature that has six legs and a body divided into three sections
rely	v: to require a specific thing or the assistance and support of someone or something to continue, run properly, or succeed.
vision	n: the ability to think about or see the future with imagination and intelligence; the faculty of being able to see
summary	n: a brief statement that provides the critical aspects of something without going into depth
emit	v: to give off or send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.
ultrasonic	adj: having frequencies above the upper limit of human hearing
analyze	v: to think about in-depth and evaluate to discover essential features or meaning
bounce	v: to cause to move up or away after hitting a surface; to spring back
diagram	n: a simplified illustration of the appearance, structure, or workings of something
echo	n: a sound heard after being reflected off a surface, such as a wall or a cliff
cave	n: a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff, mountain, or under the ground
detect	v: to find or recognize something, especially something difficult to see, hear, etc.
associate	v: to mentally connect someone or something with someone or something else
moth	n: an insect with wings similar to a butterfly that travels at night and is attracted to light
prey	n: the object of a hunt; an animal hunted or trapped for eating
distinguish	v: to notice or understand the difference between two people or things
underestimate	v: to think or suppose that a quantity, price, or size is smaller than it is
sophisticated	adj: having a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of people’s behavior, culture, and fashion
filter	n: any of several types of equipment or systems used to separate particles from liquids or gases or to remove specific forms of light
radar	n: a technology that employs radio waves to locate items that cannot be seen
ignore	v: to intentionally not listen or pay attention to
stationary	adj: not moving or not capable of being changed
clutter	n: to fill a room or place with so many items that it becomes messy
experiment	n: the scientific test conducted to observe what happens and gain new knowledge
spear	n: a weapon with a long shaft and a sharp metal point used for battle, hunting, and fishing in the past
mass	n: a large amount of a substance with no definite shape or form; a large number of people or things grouped or crowded together
chaotic	adj: without any order or organization; extremely disorganized, unpredictable, and confusing
acoustic	adj: relating to sound or the sense of hearing
evaluate	v: to assess or estimate the quality, significance, quantity, or value of something
deciduous	adj: (of plants and shrubs) shedding its foliage annually; (of teeth, antlers, etc.) shedding its body parts at the end of a period of growth
maple	n: a tall tree with five-pointed leaves that turn brilliant crimson or yellow in the fall that grows in the northern region
oak	n: a large deciduous tree that is common in northern regions and produces small nuts called acorns
dense	adj: containing a large number of people or something with little space between them
packed	adj: extremely full of people; very crowded
faint	adj: not strong, clear, or vigorous; slight or weak
waveform	n: a curve illustrating the shape of a wave at a specific time
jagged	adj: having a rough and sharply uneven surface or outline
rough	adj: not quite exact or correct; having or caused by an irregular surface
pulse	n: the regular heartbeat as it sends blood around the body, especially when it is felt at the wrist or side of the neck; a solid regular vibration of sound, electric current, light, or other waves
comparison	n: the consideration or examination of the similarities between two or more people or things
accurate	adj: correct and exact in all details
addition	n: the act or process of adding something to something else; the process of adding numbers
accord	n: an official agreement or treaty between two organizations, countries, etc.; (verb) allow to have
react	v: to take action in response to something
presence	n: the fact or state that someone or something exists, occurs, or is present
surround	v: to be all around something or somebody
trunk	n: the main stem or body of a tree which its branches grow
interval	n: a period between two events or times; a short break or pause
praise	n: an expression that shows approval and admiration of the achievements or characteristics of someone or something
requirement	n: something that is needed or wanted
registrar	n: an official in charge of maintaining official records
diploma	n: a document showing the completion of a course of study or a portion of the education program; a course of study at a college or university
warn	v: to make someone aware of potential danger or difficulty, particularly one that may occur in the future
academic	adj: associated with schools, colleges, and universities, especially studying and thinking, not with practical skills
outline	v: to describe the main facts or aspects involved in something
definitely	adv: without any question and beyond doubt; clearly
chairperson	n: the officer who presides over organization meetings
unfortunately	adv: by bad luck; unluckily
assign	v: to give a specific job or piece of work to a someone
fieldwork	n: real-world research or study conducted outside a library or laboratory.
supplement	n: something that is added to something else to make it better or complete it
cancel	v: to decide that a previously scheduled activity will not take place
immediately	adv: now or without delay
verify	v: to check that something exists or is true, or to prove that something is correct
arrangement	n: a plan or preparation for the future event; the action or process of placing things in a particular order
certify	v: to formally state, especially in writing, that something is true
deadline	n: a date or period by which something must be done
fulfill	v: to meet the requirements or expectations; to achieve or realize
submit	v: to give or offer a document, proposal, etc. to a decision-maker for examination or consideration
regularly	adv: at regular intervals or times
obtain	v: to get something, especially by making a great effort
emphasize	v: to give or show particular importance to something
motivation	n: the reason or enthusiasm for acting or behaving in a particular way
resolve	v: to find a suitable answer to the problems or difficulty
grade	n: a particular level of quality, size, importance, etc.
reliability	n: the quality of being able to be trusted or believed in doing what someone desires or requires
approve	v: to think that someone or something is favorable, acceptable, or appropriate; to officially accept a plan, request, etc.
habitat	n: the type of natural environment in which an organism or group usually lives or occurs
disperse	v: to spread out or distribute over a broad region, or to cause something to do so
reproduce	v: to make a copy of something such as a picture, piece of text, music, etc.; to produce offspring through a sexual or asexual process
physically	adv: in a way related to a person’s body or appearance rather than their mind
breed	v: to keep animals for producing offspring in a regulated manner
preference	n: a stronger liking or interest for something or someone than another thing or person
offspring	n: descendant; any immature animal or plant
survival	n: the state of continuing to exist or live, frequently in the face of difficulty or danger
recap	v: to repeat or summarize what has been said, decided, etc.
frank	adj: honest and sincere; open and candid in expression
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
normally	adv: usually; under normal conditions
element	n: a fundamental or essential part of something
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
climate	n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period
destruction	n: the act of causing so much damage to something
shorebird	n: a bird that visits the seashore
shellfish	n: water creatures that live in shells, especially one of the types that can be eaten
blend	v: to mix or combine two or more substances
camouflage	n: an outward appearance that conceals the underlying essence of something; the way of concealing troops or military equipment so they cannot be seen against the surrounding environment
predator	n: an animal whose natural behavior is to prey on others
shallow	adj: not having much distance from the top to the bottom
depression	n: a mental condition in which a person feels very unhappy and without hope for the future; a severe recession in an economy or market
fledgling	n: water creatures that live in shells, especially one of the types that can be eaten
nest	n: a structure in which animals lay their eggs or give birth to their young
vulnerable	adj: capable of being hurt or influenced physically or mentally
conservationist	n: a person who advocates or acts to protect and preserve the environment and wildlife
sandbar	n: an extended raised area of sand beneath the surface of the water, typically generated by moving currents, especially where a river enters the sea
inaccessible	adj: unable to travel to or reach; not available
instance	n: a particular example or single occurrence of something
exhibit	v: to show something in public for people to enjoy or to provide them with information
warble	v: (of a bird) to sing, particularly with an unstable high voice
songbird	n: a bird with a musical call, such as a blackbird or thrush
hardwood	n: the wood of a broadleaf tree, such as oak, ash, or beech, as contrasted to that of conifers
bush	n: a plant growing thickly with many small branches and several stiff stems coming up from the root
underneath	adv: under or below something else
shrub	n: a woody plant that is smaller than a tree and has several main stems emerging from the soil
density	n: the quality of compactness of a substance
spot	n: a particular location or place; a small round or roundish area, differing in color or feels from the surface around it
dominant	adj: more important, influential, or easy to notice than anything else of the same type
reproductive	adj: connected with the process of reproduction; relating to reproducing babies, young animals, or plants
chick	n: a baby bird, especially a young chicken
correlate	v: to have a connection or relationship in which one thing affects or depends on another
stream	n: a small, narrow river; a continuous flow of something, such as liquid, gas, people, vehicles, etc.
essentially	adv: relating to the essential features or concepts of anything
compete	v: to strive to achieve more success than someone or something
suit	n: a set of clothes that are made from the same material; a claim or complaint that a person or organization can file in court against another party; (verb) to be fit or acceptable for
prime	adj: main or most important; basic
competitor	n: a person who participates in a sporting contest; a person or organization that competes with others, particularly in business
competition	n: a situation in which someone is attempting to beat or outperform another
examine	v: to study or consider a person or object attentively and thoroughly to learn something about them
consequence	n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual
avail	v: to help or benefit; to use or take advantage of
predatory	adj: living by eating other animals, especially by catching prey that is still alive
illustrate	v: to provide pictures, photographs, diagrams, etc. in a book or something for explanation
relation	n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another
vegetation	n: plants in general, particularly those indigenous to a particular region or spot
disturb	v: to interrupt someone who is trying to work, sleep, etc.
competitive	adj: involving competition or competitiveness
infer	v: to form an opinion or conclude that something is true based on existing facts
contradict	v: to deny the truth of a statement by stating the opposite; to be in conflict with
aspect	n: one part or feature of a situation, problem, subject, etc.
recall	v: to remember something
birch	n: a slender, hardy tree with smooth bark and narrow branches, native to northern regions
bark	n: the hard outer layer of a tree; a sound made by dogs or some other animals
native	adj: connecting with or describing someone’s birth country or place of birth, or someone born in a specific country or place
soil	n: the top layer of Earth in which plants grow
prevalent	adj: existing very commonly in a particular area or in a specific time
waterproof	adj: not permitting the passage of water
utensil	n: a tool used in the house
peel	v: to remove the skin of fruit and vegetables
adhere	v: to stick firmly; to be compatible
pliable	adj: flexible; easy to bend without breaking or cracking
cord	n: a strong, thick, or thin thread or rope; a piece of plastic-coated wire used to transport electricity to a piece of equipment
canoe	n: a narrow, light boat with pointy ends and no keel that is propelled by a paddle
vessel	n: a ship or large boat
overgrown	adj: covered in plants that have been allowed to grow naturally and have not been controlled
lightweight	adj: composed of thinner and lighter material than average; not severe or impressive
sturdy	adj: physically strong and not easily damaged
stretch	v: to make or be capable of making anything longer or broader without hurting or breaking
frame	n: a strong border or structure of the wood, metal, etc. that surrounds something such as a picture, door, or window
stitch	n: one of the tiny thread lines visible on a piece of fabric after it has been sewn
sealed	adj: closed or secured with
sticky	adj: made of or covered with an adhesive substance; hot or warm and humid
watertight	adj: tightly sealed, secured or designed to prevent water entry or passage
cargo	n: the goods carried by ship, aircraft, or other vehicles
weigh	v: to have a particular weight; to carefully evaluate things before making a conclusion
pound	n: the standard unit of money in the UK; the standard unit of weight equal to 16 ounces
vast	adj: enormous in size, number, amount, or quantity
maneuver	n: a motion or combination of moves that requires skill and care; a clever strategy, activity, or movement intended to give someone an advantage
occasionally	adv: now and then; sometimes but not often
alliance	n: a partnership or association formed for mutual benefit, particularly between nations or organizations.
efficiency	n: the state or quality of doing something well with no waste of input such as time or money
lodge	n: a small country house where people stay when they want to participate in outdoor activities; (verb) officially present a complaint, appeal, claim, etc. to the appropriate authorities
roofing	n: the material used in the construction of roofs
adept	adj: having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude to do something quite difficult
characteristic	n: a typical feature or quality that can identify, tell apart, or describe something or somebody
repel	v: to force an attack or attacker to withdraw or retreat
texture	n: the feel or appearance of a surface or substance
settler	n: a person who moved with a group of others to live in a different country or area
misprint	n: typography, such as a misspelled word in a printed text
explanation	n: the information or arguments that someone provides to make something understandable or clear
geography	n: a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth
disagree	v: to have or express a different opinion, idea, etc.
narrator	n: a person who tells a story, especially in a book or film
prohibit	v: to officially stop something from being done or used, especially by enforcing the law
semester	n: one of the periods that the school or university divided into, especially in the US and Australia; a half-year term
intention	n: something you want to do and are going to do
pedestrian	n: a person who is in the street, especially in an area where vehicles go
collide	v: to hit something violently when moving
pose	v: to present a risk, problem, or other issues that must be addressed
prohibition	n: the act of not allowing something, or an order that does so, especially by law or authority
operate	v: to work in a particular way; to supervise something
convenient	adj: useful, helpful, or quick to do
alternative	n: one of two or more available possibilities or choice
sue	v: to claim a person or organization, especially by filing a legal claim for money or redress
hazard	n: something dangerous and likely to cause damage
visible	adj: capable of being seen; or open to easy view
modification	n: the act of changing something, usually to improve it, or something changed
modify	v: to change something slightly, such as a plan, option, law, etc., especially to make it more suitable for a particular purpose
pleasant	adj: enjoyable, attractive, friendly, or agreeable
unpleasant	adj: not enjoyable or comfortable
discourage	v: to make someone lose confidence, enthusiasm, or less willing to do something
repetition	n: the act of doing or saying something many times
frequent	adj: happening constantly
interrupt	v: to say or do something that causes someone to stop in their speech or action
misbehave	v: to behave badly
reward	n: a thing given in acknowledgment of service, hard work, achievement, etc.
stick	v: to put something, usually a sharp object, into something; to restrict yourself to doing or using one certain thing and not change; (noun) a thin piece of wood or other material
reaction	n: a response that reveals a person’s feelings or attitude; (in chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
assume	v: to think or accept something to be true without having proof of it; to take or begin to have power; to begin to exhibit a specific quality or appearance
identically	adv: in the same way
analyst	n: someone whose job is to examine something to learn or understand more about it
reliable	adj: worthy of being relied on; trustworthy
syllable	n: a single unit of spoken language more significant than a phoneme containing a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants
unreliable	adj: not able to be trusted or depended on
defect	n: an imperfection, shortcoming, or lack of something or someone
pause	v: to take a short break from talking or doing something before continuing
manufacture	v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines
memoir	n: a historical account or biography written from the writer’s knowledge of famous people, places, or events
recount	v: to describe what happened or to narrate a story
adventure	n: a journey or a series of events that is unusual, exciting, or dangerous
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
accuracy	n: the state or degree of being exact or correct; the ability to perform something with proficiency and without mistake
distort	v: to change something’s shape, appearance, or sound so that it appears weird or unclear
glamorous	adj: highly attractive and exciting, and different from ordinary things or people
wealth	n: a large amount of money, property, or other things that someone or an organization owns
gamble	v: to take risky action in the hope of being successful; to play or game for money or other stakes
merchant	n: a person who buys and sells a large number of goods, especially one who imports and exports goods
skeptical	adj: doubting that something is accurate or useful
converse	v: to talk informally
complain	v: to say dissatisfaction or annoyance about something or somebody
capture	v: to catch a person or an animal and confine them in an area which they cannot escape
phrase	n: a group of words that mean something specific when used together
ceiling	n: a room’s top interior surface
daring	adj: brave and taking risks
jail	n: a facility where criminals are kept to be punished for their crimes; a prison
bribe	v: to try to make someone do something to gain one’s favors or influence by giving a gift of money or other inducements
politically	adv: in a way that relates to the government or public affairs of a nation
episode	n: a happening or story that is distinctive in a series of related events; an abrupt short period during which someone suffers from the effects of a physical or mental illness
convert	v: to have a talk with someone; (adjective) reversed in order, relation, or action
asset	n: something or someone that is useful or valuable quality, skill, etc.; valuable property
witness	n: a person who sees something happen, especially a crime or an accident
confirm	v: to support or establish the truth or certainty of something previously believed or suspected to be the case
consult	v: to seek or get advice or information from a person, book, or other source having special knowledge on a particular subject
journal	n: a newspaper or magazine specialized in a specific topic or profession
compose	v: to write music, poetry, or formal writing; to constitute or make up a whole, or a specified part of it
bribery	n: the practice or attempt of offering something, usually money, to gain an unlawful advantage
revise	v: to examine and make corrections or alterations to the idea, piece of writing, etc. to improve it
summarize	v: to give a brief statement of the most important facts or ideas about something
concept	n: an idea or principle associated with something abstract