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All Words (366 Words)

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Advanced Words (75 Words)

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Word	Meaning	Advanced
certainty	n: the state of being certain
fossil	n: any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing that has become hard and turned into rock
fuel	n: a substance that is typically burned to generate heat or energy
phase	n: any stage in a series of events, change, or development
argument	n: a set of statements or reasons used to support or refute a proposition or theory; a verbal or physical fight or dispute
transit	n: the act or process of passing through or across a place or state; transportation
compelling	adj: arousing strong and irresistible interest, attention, or admiration
responsible	adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
accelerate	v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly
transition	n: the process or period of changing from one state or circumstance to another
acute	adj: extremely sharp or severe
radical	adj: relating to the essential aspects of anything; far beyond the norm, mainly used of opinions and actions
climate	n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period
evil	adj: profoundly immoral, cruel, and wicked; having or exerting a harmful effect on people
complicated	adj: involving a lot of different things or parts in a way that is difficult to understand or analyze
relation	n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another
rid	v: to make someone or something free of unwanted or unpleasant tasks, objects, or person
stick	v: to put something, usually a sharp object, into something; to restrict yourself to doing or using one certain thing and not change; (noun) a thin piece of wood or other material
instance	n: a particular example or single occurrence of something
renewable	adj: capable of being renewed, extended, or replaced
coal	n: a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is found below the ground and burnt to produce heat
debate	n: a formal discussion or argument of opposing viewpoints, often to persuade others to adopt a specific position; a public discussion, often on an issue of current interest, in which participants offer opinions and differing perspectives
concept	n: an idea or principle associated with something abstract
dilemma	n: a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more options, especially that are equally unfavorable ones
knight	n: a mounted soldier in the past, typically one of noble birth trained to fight in armor; (today in Great Britain) a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit
obstacle	n: a thing that blocks one’s way or prevents or hinders progress
collaboration	n: the act or situation of working together to create or produce something
temperature	n: the degree of hotness or coldness of a thing or place
heartfelt	adj: genuine, sincere, and expressing deep feelings or emotions
crucial	adj: extremely vital or necessary
crossroad	n: a place where two or more roads or paths cross or intersect; a point of decision or choice, often involving significant consequences
overwhelming	adj: very great or intense; so powerful that you cannot fight or react against it
viable	adj: capable of being done as intended; able to succeed
pathway	n: a track that constitutes or serves as a path; an approach or a way of doing something
navigate	v: to plan and direct the way that a ship, plane, etc. will travel, often by using a map
cofounder	n: one of several people who establishes an organization or starts a business
installment	n: one of a series of payments to be made, usually at regular intervals, towards the completion of a larger financial obligation, such as the payment of a loan or the purchase of a large item or service
credible	adj: capable of being trusted or believed
disagree	v: to have or express a different opinion, idea, etc.
fundamental	adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected
topic	n: a subject that is being discussed or written about
core	n: the most essential or fundamental part of something
progression	n: the act or process of changing to the next stage or phase or moving forward
straightforward	adj: easy to do or understand, or simple; free from ambiguity
urgent	adj: requiring immediate attention or action; pressing
equitably	adv: in a just, fair, and impartial manner; without showing favoritism or bias towards any particular individual or group
curator	n: a person whose job is to manage the objects or artworks in a museum, art gallery, etc.
frame	n: a strong border or structure of the wood, metal, etc. that surrounds something such as a picture, door, or window
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
metric	adj: using or relating to the meter as a unit of length; a system of related measures that facilitates the quantification of some particular characteristic
gigaton	n: a unit of explosive energy equal to one billion tons of TNT (= a powerful, yellow explosive substance); one billion tons
dump	v: to deposit or dispose of something, such as trash, waste, etc., carelessly or hurriedly
contribute	v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people
greenhouse	n: a building with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, for growing plants in
pollution	n: the introduction of harmful substances or waste into the natural environment that causes adverse change
crisis	n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken
exploration	n: the activity of searching and finding out about something through a place
entirely	adv: completely
encourage	v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
incredibly	adv: in a way that is very difficult to believe; exceedingly or extremely
complexity	n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand
takeaway	n: a message or conclusion that can be taken away from a situation or piece of information
eliminate	v: to remove or get rid of someone or something
panel	n: a square or rectangular and flat piece of something that forms a distinct section or component of something; a small group of specialists who discuss particular topics or give their advice or opinion about something
estimate	v: to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something
centigrade	n: a system of temperature measurement in which the freezing point of water is 0 degrees and the boiling point of water is 100 degrees; also known as the Celsius scale
emit	v: to give off or send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.
trillion	n: the number 1,000,000,000,000; a million million
cubic	adj: having the shape of a cube or being of three dimensions; measured in units that are the third power of a linear unit
barrel	n: a large round container made of wood, metal, or plastic, with flat ends and, usually, curved sides; one of several units of volume
vast	adj: enormous in size, number, amount, or quantity
drill	n: a tool or machine used for making round holes or driving fasteners; a training or practice
electrify	v: to make a machine or system work by using electricity; to make someone extremely enthusiastic about or interested in something
invest	v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result
extension	n: a thing that is added to something to make it longer, larger, or wider; an educational opportunity provided by colleges and universities to people who are not enrolled as regular students; an additional telephone set that is connected to the same telephone line
tricky	adj: requiring care and skill because challenging to do or deal with
distinction	n: a difference or contrast between similar things or people
maintain	v: to continue to uphold or sustain; to keep in a particular state or condition; to assert or declare something to be true
morality	n: principles of right and evil or good and bad behavior
absolute	adj: perfect or complete or to the most considerable degree possible
squeeze	v: to apply pressure from two or more sides; to hold someone or something tightly in your arms, usually with fondness
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
cumulative	adj: increasing or growing by one addition after another
capita	n: a Latin word meaning “head,” used to express the amount for each person; any head or headlike expansion on a structure, as on a bone
emission	n: the act of production or sending out gas, heat, light, etc.
fraction	n: a small part or item forming a piece of a whole; the quotient of two rational numbers
dramatically	adv: in a very impressive manner
deploy	v: to move troops or weapons into a position or military action; to bring into something in an effective way
abate	v: to lessen, reduce, or diminish in intensity or severity; to decline or wane in amount or strength over time
aim	v: to try or plan to get or achieve something
reduction	n: a decrease in size, amount, or degree
industrious	adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort
propose	v: to make a proposal, declare a plan for something
departure	n: the act of leaving, especially to start a journey
fellow	adj: someone who has the same job or interests as you, or is in the same class, profession, or situation as you
sustainable	adj: able to continue or be continued for a long time
scenario	n: a description of possible actions or events in the future; a written outline of a play, film, or literary work
compliant	adj: willing to comply with rules, requests, or demands
involve	v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else
concentration	n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else.
progressive	adj: relating to or supporting development or advancement, especially social or political one
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
competent	adj: having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully
balance	n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
infrastructure	n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies
gap	n: a conspicuous disparity or difference separates something such as a figure, people, their opinions, situation, etc.
widen	v: to become or make something broader, wider, more extensive
pivot	n: a change in direction or focus, especially in a business or political strategy; a fixed point that supports something that turns or balances
illusion	n: a false idea or belief, especially about somebody or about a situation
combination	n: a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
advocacy	n: the act of supporting or promoting a particular cause or point of view, often through public campaigning or lobbying
disrupt	v: to prevent or stop something, especially an event, activity, or process, from continuing in the usual way by causing a problem or disturbance
entrenched	adj: established firmly and securely
gasp	v: to inhale sharply and audibly, often in response to strong emotion or sensation; to catch one’s breath suddenly, often due to shock or surprise
convert	v: to have a talk with someone; (adjective) reversed in order, relation, or action
discourse	n: any form of communication in speech or writing
urgency	n: the quality of being very important and needing to be dealt with immediately
skepticism	n: an attitude of doubting or questioning that claims or statements are true or valuable or that something will happen; the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge
deception	n: the act of misleading or tricking someone, often by creating a false impression or concealing the truth; a fraudulent or dishonest action
urge	v: to spur on or encourage someone, especially by cheers and shouts; (noun) a strong desire or impulse, especially one that is difficult to control or resist
human-made	adj: created or produced by humans; artificial
exploitation	n: the process of making some area of land or water more profitable or productive or useful
profit	n: money that is earned in business or by selling things after deducting the costs involved
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
imply	v: to indicate the truth or existence of something without referring to it
accident	n: an unfortunate event, especially one causing damage or injury
powerhouse	n: an electrical generating station; a person, organization, or thing that is extremely successful or influential
fairy	n: a mythical being of folklore and romance usually depicted as having magic powers
tale	n: a story made up in someone’s imagination, especially one full of action and adventure
disaster	n: an unexpected event or series of events that cause widespread damage, destruction, or loss of life
deny	v: to state that one refuses to admit the existence or truth of something
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
innovation	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation
delay	v: to cause something to happen at a later time than originally intended or expected
logic	n: a way of thinking or reasoning conducted or evaluated by strict validity principles; the study of correct reasoning or good arguments
mathematics	n: the science dealing with the logic of quantities, shapes, spaces, and arrangement
attitude	n: the way you think and feel about someone or something
assignment	n: a duty or task given to someone, usually as part of their job or studies
desperately	adv: in a way that shows a lack of hope and a willingness to do anything because of the problematic situation; with great urgency
expansion	n: the process of becoming larger or more extensive, or the result of this process
contest	n: a competition in which people compete for supremacy in a sport or other activity; a struggle between rivals
perspective	n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something
injustice	n: a violation of the rights of others or the laws of a society
ban	v: to officially or legally forbid or refuse to allow something
economical	adj: providing a satisfactory return on the money, time, or effort; not using more money, fuel, etc. than necessary
consume	v: to spend something, especially fuel, energy, or time, in a large amount
watt	n: a standard unit for measuring electrical power
fan	n: a person who admires and supports a person, group, sport, sports team, etc.; a device for creating a current of air by the movement of a surface or surfaces
refrigerator	n: an appliance or device used for preserving and cooling food and beverages by maintaining a low temperature within a closed compartment
cookstove	n: a stove or oven designed specifically for cooking food, often fueled by gas, electricity, or wood
carbon	n: a chemical element that can be found in pure form as diamond or graphite, and it is also an essential part of coal and oil and is found in all plants and animals
poorest	adj: having the least wealth or resources
perceive	v: to become aware or conscious of something through the senses
villain	n: a character in a story, movie, or play which often opposes the hero, typically characterized as immoral, evil, or cruel
blame	v: to think or say that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad
combine	v: to join or merge to form a single thing or group
poverty	n: the condition of being extremely poor
intertwine	v: to twist together or become twisted together
moderate	adj: being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme
concrete	adj: existing in a physical or material form rather than an abstract one; based on facts rather than ideas or guesses; made of or covered with cement
steel	n: a strong metal alloy made up of iron with typically a few tenths of a percent of carbon used for making things that need a strong structure
resilient	adj: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
storage	n: the act or process of putting in and keeping something in a particular place for use in the future; an electronic memory device that can store information
medicinal	adj: of or relating to the treatment or cure of disease
drought	n: a long period of time during which there is very little or no rain, leading to a shortage of water and often causing damage to crops and other vegetation
fertilizer	n: a natural or chemical substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully
pump	v: to cause water, air, gas, etc. to move from one place to another by using mechanical equipment; to get or supply something such as money, information, etc. in significant quantities
irrigation	n: the agricultural practice of supplying land with water through pipes or channels so that crops grow well
desalination	n: the process of removing salt, especially from seawater
extent	n: the point or degree or area to which something extends
abundance	n: a significant amount of something; the situation in which there is too much of something
geothermal	adj: relating to or produced by the internal heat of the earth; often used to refer to energy produced by tapping into the natural heat of the earth
hydropower	n: electricity generated from the energy of moving water, usually using turbines and dams in rivers or other bodies of water
hypocrisy	n: the practice of engaging in the same behavior or activity for which one criticizes another or the practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one’s behavior does not conform
pursue	v: to do something or attempt to attain something over time; to follow or seek someone or something, especially in trying to catch them
abundant	adj: present in great quantity
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
feedstock	n: the raw material or substances that are used to make a product, particularly in industrial or manufacturing processes
practical	adj: of or connected with actual use or real situation rather than with theory and ideas
domestic	adj: relating to or inside a particular country, not foreign or international
impose	v: to officially force a new law, tax, duty, etc. to be obeyed or received
unnecessary	adj: not needed or required; not essential or important
unjust	adj: not fair or equitable; lacking in justice or impartiality; morally unacceptable or wrong
restriction	n: a limitation or constraint placed on something, or the act of limiting or constraining something
financing	n: the process of providing funds for running a business, activity, or project; the money for a business, activity, or project
institute	n: an organization that has a specific purpose, particularly one dealing with science, education, or a particular profession; (verb) to initiate, introduce, or establish something
continent	n: one of the earth’s large landmasses; (adjective) abstaining from your feelings, especially your desire to have sex
convincing	adj: able to make someone believe that something is true
livelihood	n: a means of earning money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc.
globe	n: the earth or world, mainly used to emphasize its vastness
fortify	v: to make something stronger or more resistant to attack or damage; to give someone or something more strength or support
onslaught	n: a fierce or violent attack; a sudden and intense outburst of something, usually negative
shock	n: a strong feeling or physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected event or experience, especially something unpleasant
dissuade	v: to persuade someone not to do something; to discourage or deter someone from a course of action
intense	adj: (especially of a feeling) very strong; extremely sharp or severe
sub-Saharan	adj: of or relating to or situated in the area south of the Sahara Desert
rely	v: to require a specific thing or the assistance and support of someone or something to continue, run properly, or succeed.
generate	v: to produce or create something; to make offspring by reproduction
forefront	n: the leading or most important position or place; the forefront of a movement or cause
hydrogen	n: the chemical element that is the lightest gas is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and combines with oxygen to form water
sink	v: to submerge or go down below the surface of a liquid or substance; to decline or deteriorate; to cause something to go down into a liquid substance or sink into something else
basin	n: a natural depression or valley that is circular or oval on the surface of the earth, especially one that has water in it; a container with a bowl form that is typically used to hold food or liquids
consistent	adj: always behaving or happening in the same way, or having the same thoughts, standards, etc.
decarbonize	v: to stop or reduce emitting carbon gases, especially carbon dioxide, by replacing energy made from fossil fuels with renewable energy
bountiful	adj: abundant or plentiful, often used to describe a source of food, wealth, or other resources
troubling	adj: causing distress, anxiety, worry, or concern; disturbing; causing problems or difficulties
scarce	adj: not abundant or plentiful, and therefore not easy to find or obtain
incur	v: to suffer from something, usually something negative, such as a loss, cost, or financial burden; to become subject to something as a result of one’s actions or conduct
compound	n: an item composed of two or more distinct elements combined; a chemical formed by the combination of two or more elements
premium	n: an amount of money paid periodically; the price or cost of something, especially when it is considered to be of high quality or value; (adjective) having or reflecting superior quality or value
perception	n: a belief, opinion, or image you have based on how you regard, understand, or interpret something; the ability to see, hear, or notice something through the senses
constantly	adv: all the time
depreciate	v: to decrease in value or worth over time; to become less valuable or less esteemed over time
currency	n: a system of money in general use in a particular country
conventionally	adv: in a way that follows accepted customs, rules, or standards; in a way that is typical or traditional
revenue	n: the income that a government receives from taxes or that a company earns from its business
finance	n: the management of money, credit, banking, and investments, especially by a government or commercial organization; the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets
appetite	n: a natural desire or craving for food or drink; a strong desire or liking for something
trickle	v: to flow or drip slowly and in small amounts; to happen or occur gradually or in small quantities
pipeline	n: a very long large tube that is usually underground and is used for carrying liquid or gas for long distances
mere	adj: used to emphasize how insignificant or minor someone or something is
ingredient	n: one of the things used to make something, especially one of the foods used to make a particular dish
cooperation	n: the act or situation of working together with someone towards a shared purpose, benefit, etc.
sorely	adv: to a great extent; greatly or severely; in a way that causes pain, distress, or hardship
cusp	n: a pointed end, especially the pointed end of a crescent moon or the part of a curve that is most curved
enterprise	n: a business or company; a purposeful or industrious undertaking, especially one that requires effort
counterpart	n: a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another person or thing
grant	v: to agree to give or allow somebody
tautology	n: an expression or statement in which a concept or meaning is repeated, often unnecessarily or redundantly, using different words or phrases
unfair	adj: not giving equal treatment or opportunities to people involved; marked by injustice, partiality, or deception
concession	n: something that is granted or given up, often in a negotiation or argument; a place or stand where goods or services are sold or provided, often in a public setting such as a stadium or amusement park
sector	n: a distinct part or division of something often used to refer to a segment of an economy or industry; an area or field of work or activity
immediate	adj: happening or done without delay or occurring shortly after something else
mission-critical	adj: essential to the success or functioning of a particular mission, task, or operation, often with significant consequences if not completed or accomplished correctly
lever	n: a handle used to operate a vehicle or a machine; a rigid bar resting on a pivot so that one end of it can be pushed or pulled easily
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
decision	n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options
engage	v: to attract and keep someone’s attention and interest; to participate in or obtain services of something
corporate	adj: of or relating to a large company
industrial	adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry
landscape	n: an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view; a large area of land, especially in the country and relating to its appearance
semblance	n: the outward appearance or visible form of something, especially when it is different from the reality beneath; a vague or superficial similarity
absolutely	adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly
align	v: to put or arrange two or more things in a straight line or to form a straight line
know-how	n: practical knowledge, skills, or experience in a particular field or area, often acquired through personal experience or training
monetary	adj: of or relating to the money in the country
increment	n: a regular increase in the amount of something, such as money; a process of becoming larger, longer, or more important
financier	n: a person or organization that deals with or manages large sums of money, particularly for investment or financial trading purposes
achieve	v: to successfully complete a task or goal, often through hard work, perseverance, and dedication; to attain or accomplish something that one has set out to do
ambition	n: a strong wish to do or achieve something
discuss	v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
undermine	v: to make someone or something less powerful, less effective, weaker gradually; to make someone’s fame, confidence, or authority less effective or weaker gradually
confidence	n: the feeling or attitude that one can trust or rely on the abilities or good qualities of someone or something
engineer	n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software
sociologist	n: a person who studies the institutions and development of human society
consumption	n: the amount used or eaten; the act of using up a resource such as energy, food, or materials
retire	v: to withdraw from one’s position or occupation, especially because of age
refinery	n: a facility that is used to process, purify, and refine raw materials such as oil or metal into a more useful or valuable form
stove	n: a kitchen appliance consisting of a flat top, usually with heating elements, used for cooking food
furnace	n: an enclosed chamber for heating metal or glass to very high temperatures
hazard	n: something dangerous and likely to cause damage
operate	v: to work in a particular way; to supervise something
emergency	n: a sudden unforeseen crisis usually involving danger that requires immediate action
hazardous	adj: involving risk or danger; unsafe or unhealthy
disproportionate	adj: too large or too small when compared with something else, or not deserving its importance or influence
overburden	v: to burden or load someone or something with too much weight, responsibility, or work; to place an excessive or unfair demand on someone or something
underserved	adj: inadequately or insufficiently provided with help, products, or services
opt	v: to make a choice from a range of possibilities
skyrocket	v: to rapidly ascend to a very high level; increase rapidly;
abandon	v: to leave a place, thing, or person with no intention of returning; (noun) a feeling of extreme emotional intensity
remedy	n: a successful way of dealing with or improving an unpleasant or difficult situation or curing an illness
decline	v: to become gradually smaller, fewer, worse, etc.; to refuse to accept
ongoing	adj: continuing to exist or develop, or currently happening
expenditure	n: the act of spending money; the total amount of money spent
reliance	n: the state of depending on or needing something or someone
outlast	v: to endure or last longer than something else; to overcome challenges or obstacles and remain in existence
simultaneous	adj: happening or being done at the same time
nowhere	adv: not in, at, or to any place; not anywhere
urgently	adv: in a way that requires immediate action or attention, especially before anything else, because of being very important
strategy	n: a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall goal.
deadline	n: a date or period by which something must be done
asset	n: something or someone that is useful or valuable quality, skill, etc.; valuable property
retirement	n: the fact or act of stopping working and leaving one’s job
ample	adj: enough or more than enough; having plenty of something
implement	v: to put a decision, plan, or system into effect
legislate	v: to make or enact laws; to exert control or influence through the creation or enforcement of laws
commit	v: to do something illegal or wrong
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
generator	n: a machine that produces electricity
president	n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc.
exceed	v: to surpass or go beyond a limit, expectation, or requirement; to be better or greater than anticipated or desired
typical	adj: having the usual characteristics or traits of a specific group of things
lifespan	n: the length of time for which a person, animal lives, or thing exists
far-off	adj: distant in time or space; remote; distant or unlikely to happen
vague	adj: not clearly expressed or understood
alternative	n: one of two or more available possibilities or choice
unplanned	adj: not planned or intended; not having been prearranged or organized
unacceptably	adv: in a way that is not acceptable or satisfactory
ethics	n: a branch of philosophy that considers what is morally right and wrong conduct; a set of beliefs about what is morally right and wrong
laser	n: a device that emits powerful and narrow light that can be used as a tool to cut metal through a process of optical amplification
collide	v: to hit something violently when moving
tragedy	n: an event or situation causing great loss, misfortune, or destruction; a play or literature that deals with a severe and sad event and often ends with the death of the main character
technological	adj: based on scientific and industrial progress
entrepreneur	n: an individual who creates or invests in one or more businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks
plummet	v: to fall or drop suddenly and steeply; to decline rapidly or sharply
definitive	adj: serving to provide a final solution or to end a situation; final and not able to be changed
optimist	n: a person who tends to expect the best in all things and to be hopeful and confident about the future
battery	n: a device that is placed inside a car, gadget, equipment, etc. and that provides electrical power to them
grid	n: a pattern of regularly spaced horizontal and vertical lines; a system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region
pace	n: the speed at which someone or something moves, or the rate at which something happens or changes
exponential	adj: becoming more and more rapid; of or involving mathematical exponents
aviation	n: the activity or process of designing, building, flying, and maintaining aircraft
commodity	n: a product or a raw material that can be traded, bought, or sold
fluctuate	v: to rise and fall irregularly or unexpectedly; to vary or change often and unpredictably
barrier	n: a fence or other obstruction that makes it hard to move or get in; any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective
reluctance	n: a feeling of unwillingness or hesitation, especially when faced with a decision or undertaking
backyard	n: a whole space behind and belonging to a house
permit	v: to allow for something to happen or be done; (noun) the act of giving a formal, usually written, authorization
complaint	n: a statement that expresses dissatisfaction or annoyance about something
simulate	v: to make a pretense of someone’s behavior or looks; to reproduce something that exists in real life using computers, models, etc., usually for study or training purposes
reliability	n: the quality of being able to be trusted or believed in doing what someone desires or requires
bulk	n: the quantity or size of something that is very large; the main part of something
interior	n: the inside or inner part of something; the space within the walls of a building
voltage	n: the difference in the force of an electric current between two points
transmit	v: to send or forward an electronic signal; to pass something from one person or thing to another
efficient	adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials
penny	n: a small denomination of currency or coin, typically the smallest unit of a currency system; in the US, a coin worth one cent
technique	n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill
feasible	adj: capable of being or likely to be made, done, or achieved
advance	v: to go or move forward; to develop in a positive way
dense	adj: containing a large number of people or something with little space between them
largely	adv: virtually entirely; to a large degree
devoid	adj: completely lacking or free from something
collaborate	v: to work with someone else to produce or achieve something
resolve	v: to find a suitable answer to the problems or difficulty
secondly	adv: used to introduce the second point or item in a list or series of statements, considerations, etc.
astonishing	adj: surprising or shocking; difficult to believe
politician	n: a person who is a member of a government or law-making organization, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc.
confer	v: to have a meeting or discussion to come to a decision or agreement or exchange ideas; to bestow something
polar	adj: relating to, or close to, the North or South Pole; characterized by complete opposites
stance	n: a way of thinking about something, especially expressed publicly; attitude or position of a standing person or animal
conversation	n: an informal talk between two or more people to exchange their views, ideas, information, etc.
dialogue	n: a conversation in a book, play, or film
essential	adj: indispensable; fundamental
rife	adj: full of, abundant with, or commonly present or encountered, often used to describe something undesirable or harmful
dynamics	n: the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces, including the particular case in which a body remains at rest; forces that produce or stimulate movement, growth, or change
institutionalize	v: to establish or make something a part of an institution (= a place such as a university, hospital, etc.)
structural	adj: associated with the way on construction or organization of anything
inequity	n: a lack of fairness or justice; an unfair or unequal situation or practice
acknowledge	v: to accept or admit the existence, reality, or truth of something; to accept that someone or something has a particular authority or quality; to express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for someone’s help, commitment, etc.;
judgment	n: the ability to form valuable opinions and make reasonable decisions
self-serving	adj: concerned primarily with one’s interests and needs rather than those of others; motivated by a desire for personal gain or advantage
nugget	n: a small piece of gold or other precious metal or mineral found ready-formed in the earth; a small round piece of some food
ultimate	adj: furthest or highest in degree or order
folk	n: people in general, especially those of a particular group or type
jade	n: a green or white mineral, typically composed of jadeite or nephrite, used for making jewelry and ornamental objects; an old or over-worked horse
overlook	v: to fail to notice something; to watch over someone; to provide a view from above
corny	adj: overly sentimental or trite; lacking in originality or creativity; trying too hard to be funny or endearing
tribe	n: a social group made up of members who live together, sharing the same language, culture, religion, etc., especially those who do not live in towns or cities
phrase	n: a group of words that mean something specific when used together