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Reference Source

https://www.ets.org/toefl/test-takers/ibt/prepare/practice-tests.html

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All Words (75 Words)

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Advanced Words (26 Words)

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Word List

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Word	Meaning	Advanced
agriculture	n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock
independence	n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence
scholar	n: professor; a person who studies a topic in considerable depth, particularly in a university
Mediterranean	n: the sea encircled by southern Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia
desert	n: arid land with little or no vegetation often covered with sand or rocks
sub-Saharan	adj: of or relating to or situated in the area south of the Sahara Desert
settle	v: to reach an agreement of disagreement
scatter	v: to cause to separate and go in different directions
concentration	n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else.
domesticate	v: to take control of animals or plants to provide food, power, or company
crop	n: a plant that is cultivated in large amounts, particularly for food
millet	n: a tiny seed of any of several annual cereal types of grass used as food, mainly to manufacture flour and to feed birds and animals
sorghum	n: a type of grain grown in tropical countries
origin	n: the first existence or beginning of something
diffuse	adj: spread out widely; not concentrated in one place
demonstrate	v: to display something or give an exhibition to an interested audience
receptive	adj: willing to listen to or accept new ideas or suggestions
importation	n: the commercial activity of buying and bringing in goods from a foreign country
propose	v: to make a proposal, declare a plan for something
extend	v: to broaden in scope, range, or area
livestock	n: farm animals and birds such as cows, sheep, and chickens
cattle	n: cows, bulls, and buffalos that are raised for their milk or meat as farm animals
apparently	adv: based on what you have heard or read
invade	v: to enter aggressively into another’s territory by military force for conquest and occupation
chariot	n: a two-wheeled horse-drawn battle vehicle used in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome for warfare and racing
traverse	v: to cross or move through a land or water area
adopt	v: to choose to follow something; to legally take a child from another family and care for them as if they were one’s own
savannah	n: a mixed forest and grassland ecosystem where the trees are far enough apart that the canopy doesn’t close
cavalry	n: a highly mobile army unit
carve	v: to create something by cutting wood or stone; to turn sharply
imperial	adj: relating to or associated with an empire or the person or country that rules it
finality	n: the fact of being conclusive or settled
camel	n: a cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions
innovation	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation
thrive	v: to grow vigorously; to make steady progress
harsh	adj: severe and unkind; extremely tough and unpleasant to inhabit
cheaply	adv: in a stingy or inexpensive manner
transport	n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on
transform	v: to change in outward structure or looks;
barrier	n: a fence or other obstruction that makes it hard to move or get in; any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective
diffusion	n: a spreading motion in multiple directions
intermediate	adj: situated between two locations, things, states, etc.; around the middle of a scale of evaluation
bronze	n: a dark red-brown metal that is created by combining copper and tin
metallurgy	n: a branch of materials science and engineering that stands at metals’ physical and chemical properties, their compounds with other metals, and their mixtures, called alloys.
copper	n: a chemical element that is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity
penetrate	v: to pass into or through something, often by overcoming resistance
roughly	adv: approximately but not precisely; with a violent manner
evident	adj: apparent to the mind, senses, or judgment
technological	adj: based on scientific and industrial progress
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
profound	adj: extremely great; sensed or experienced very strongly; displaying a high level of knowledge or comprehension
blacksmith	n: a smith who forges and shapes iron with a hammer and anvil
functionary	n: a worker who has official duties
hoe	n: a garden tool with a flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle
warrior	n: a person who engaged in or experienced warfare, especially in the past
symbol	n: something visible that is used to represent something else
ritual	n: any customary observance or practice; any prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
limitation	n: a rule or act that restricts the scope of something
ingenious	adj: showing inventiveness and ability or skill
furnace	n: an enclosed chamber for heating metal or glass to very high temperatures
carbon	n: a chemical element that can be found in pure form as diamond or graphite, and it is also an essential part of coal and oil and is found in all plants and animals
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
accompany	v: to go somewhere or travel with someone or something
migration	n: the movement of animals to a new location, frequently as the seasons change
flee	v: to leave by running away, especially out of fear or danger
desiccate	v: to remove moisture and liquids from something thoroughly
tongue	n: a moveable mass of muscle tissue covered with mucous membrane that is in the mouth; a language
archaeology	n: the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
conquer	v: to bring under control by force or authority
opponent	n: a person against whom you are playing or fighting in a game, competition, debate, etc.
implement	v: to put a decision, plan, or system into effect
uncertain	adj: not being sure of something; not being able to choose
peaceful	adj: not involving violence, conflict, or war
demographic	n: a statistic characterizing that describes people or groups of people based on their age, sex, income, etc.
explosion	n: a violent release induced by a chemical or nuclear reaction