Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (430 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (119 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
invasion	n: army’s act of forcibly entering another country or territory to take control of it
unfold	v: to open up or spread out something that is folded or rolled up; to reveal or disclose something that was previously hidden or unknown
shroud	n: a length of cloth or other material used to cover or wrap a dead body; something that conceals or obscures something else, often used metaphorically
fog	n: a thick cloud consisting of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the Earth’s surface; a weather condition in which visibility is reduced because of a cloud of water
abundant	adj: present in great quantity
refugee	n: a displaced person who has crossed national borders and who cannot or is unwilling to return home due to political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war
shocking	adj: extremely or surprisingly bad, or causing a strong emotional response such as surprise or disgust
suffer	v: to experience pain, distress, or hardship; to undergo or endure something painful or unpleasant
destruction	n: the act of causing so much damage to something
membership	n: the state of belonging to a group, a club, an organization, etc.
conversation	n: an informal talk between two or more people to exchange their views, ideas, information, etc.
arc	n: the shape of a portion of a circle or other curved line
broad	adj: very wide; general
context	n: the circumstances, facts, or conditions that surround a particular event, situation, or statement and that give it meaning
geopolitical	adj: of or relating to political activity or relations between countries and groups of countries, as influenced by the physical features of a country or area
analyst	n: someone whose job is to examine something to learn or understand more about it
president	n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc.
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
participate	v: to take part in something
lifetime	n: the duration of someone’s life or something’s existence;
artifact	n: a person-made object, especially one of historical or cultural interest
headquarter	n: the central office or location from which a business or organization is managed
rubble	n: fragments of rock, stone, or other materials that remain after a building or other structure has been destroyed or demolished; the remains of something that has been broken down or destroyed
dividend	n: a sum of money paid regularly, typically quarterly, by a company to its shareholders out of its profits or reserves
unprecedented	adj: never having been seen, done, or known before
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
tip	n: the top or extreme point of something slender or tapering, usually a mountain or hill; a piece of advice about something practical; a small amount of money given for services
overnight	adj: lasting for or occurring during one night; occurring or changing extremely quickly or suddenly; happening or being achieved in a short amount of time
prioritize	v: to assign a higher level of importance to something compared to other things
defend	v: to protect someone or something from attack, criticism, danger, etc.
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
coordination	n: the act of making all the people involved in a plan or activity work together effectively; the ability to control different parts of the body effectively
chancellor	n: a senior official or administrator, particularly in a university or government; the person who is the head of the government in some European countries, such as Germany
post-cold	adj: the period following the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s and early 1990s
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
precise	adj: sharply exact or accurate or delimited
commit	v: to do something illegal or wrong
invest	v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result
infrastructure	n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies
recognize	v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered
germ	n: a very tiny living that causes the disease; a piece of something such as an organism, concept, etc., capable of growing into a new one or part of one
unfortunately	adv: by bad luck; unluckily
outdated	adj: no longer useful or valid because of being old-fashioned
negative	adj: having the quality of something bad or harmful; expressing refusal
optimist	n: a person who tends to expect the best in all things and to be hopeful and confident about the future
conflict	n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals
scenario	n: a description of possible actions or events in the future; a written outline of a play, film, or literary work
plausible	adj: seeming reasonable or likely to be true, and therefore convincing
foresee	v: to perceive or predict; to anticipate or expect something to happen in the future
emerge	v: to move out of or away from something and become visible
radical	adj: relating to the essential aspects of anything; far beyond the norm, mainly used of opinions and actions
announce	v: to make something known or officially inform people about something
domestic	adj: relating to or inside a particular country, not foreign or international
orientation	n: a person’s basic attitudes, beliefs, and preferences about particular things; a course introducing a new situation or environment
stable	adj: firm and steady; not easily moved, disturbed, or changed
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
ostensible	adj: appearing or seeming to be true, genuine, or plausible, but not necessarily so; outwardly appearing or declared to be one thing while being something different or hidden
decouple	v: to disconnect or separate something from something else that it was joined to or part of previously
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
permanent	adj: lasting for a long time without essential change
negotiate	v: to have formal discussions with someone to reach an agreement
settlement	n: an official agreement that brings an argument to a close; the process of establishing permanent residence in a place.
troop	n: a group of soldiers, especially a large one; a group of people, animals, or things considered as a unit.
convinced	adj: completely certain about something; having a strong belief or conviction in a particular religion
decision	n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options
ramp	n: a sloping surface connecting two levels or inclines, typically used for the movement of people, vehicles, or goods
deploy	v: to move troops or weapons into a position or military action; to bring into something in an effective way
unwind	v: to relax and release tension, often by engaging in leisure activities or by simply resting; to reverse the winding or twisting of something
massive	adj: enormous amount; very heavy and solid
coal	n: a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is found below the ground and burnt to produce heat
pariah	n: an outcast or social reject; a person who is despised and avoided by society or a particular group
soon-to-be	adj: used to describe someone or something that will soon become something else or will soon be in a different state or position
bestie	n: a term of endearment used to describe one’s closest friend, a term that connotes a deep and unbreakable bond between the two friends
portray	v: to depict or describe someone or something in a painting, film, book, or other artistic work
neutral	adj: not helping or assisting either side in a conflict, argument, etc.
supplicant	n: someone who humbly or earnestly requests or petitions for something, particularly from a person or entity of greater power or authority
economical	adj: providing a satisfactory return on the money, time, or effort; not using more money, fuel, etc. than necessary
fin	n: a thin flat part on the body of a fish or other aquatic animal used for propulsion or balance
transaction	n: an instance of buying or selling something; the act or process of doing something
technological	adj: based on scientific and industrial progress
align	v: to put or arrange two or more things in a straight line or to form a straight line
implication	n: something that is inferred or indirectly stated; the act or fact of being involved in something
gulf	n: a large ocean inlet or deep bay that is partially enclosed by land
engage	v: to attract and keep someone’s attention and interest; to participate in or obtain services of something
renew	v: to begin or resume something again after an interruption
refer	v: to direct someone’s attention, thoughts, or questions to another source or person; to mention, cite, or allude to something as evidence or support
brain	n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling
increasingly	adv: more and more
drift	v: to move smoothly and slowly in water or air, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over the direction
importance	n: the quality of being important and worthy of note
pivot	n: a change in direction or focus, especially in a business or political strategy; a fixed point that supports something that turns or balances
purposeful	adj: having a specific aim or purpose; determined
consolidate	v: to make something more vital, more solid, or more certain
union	n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together
independence	n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence
judiciary	n: persons who administer or enforce justice
mention	v: to speak or write about something or someone briefly
relation	n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another
functional	adj: designed for or capable of a particular activity, purpose, or task; practical or ready for use or service
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
applaud	v: to express approval of someone or something by clapping the hands
forgiveness	n: the act of stopping feeling angry or resentful towards someone for a mistake or offense with compassion
representative	n: someone who speaks or acts officially on behalf of another person or group of people
democracy	n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so
threat	n: a strong indication or likelihood of harm, danger, or adverse consequences; an expression of intent to inflict harm or injury on someone or something, often made as a means of coercion or intimidation
opponent	n: a person against whom you are playing or fighting in a game, competition, debate, etc.
aisle	n: a passage between rows of seats in a theater, airplane, or other public building, typically one of two or more running parallel with the main body of the structure
strategy	n: a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall goal.
advance	v: to go or move forward; to develop in a positive way
industrial	adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry
ultimate	adj: furthest or highest in degree or order
buffer	n: a device, material, or person that reduces the impact or effect of an external force or provides protection against harm or damage
guardrail	n: a sturdy metal or wooden railing or barrier placed beside a road, bridge, or other dangerous areas to prevent vehicles or people from going over the edge; a protective barrier or railing used to prevent falls or accidents
escalate	v: to increase in intensity, size, or severity; to make something greater, worse, or more serious
unpack	v: to open and remove stored items from a container or package; to analyze or examine something in detail, often to clarify or understand it better
relate	v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something
negotiation	n: the process of discussing and reaching an agreement with others
minister	n: a person appointed to or a job of a head of a government department
turkey	n: (of an animal) a large bird with a fan-shaped tail native to North America, widely grown for food; (of a country) a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans
preceding	adj: occurring or coming before something or somebody in time or order; previous or former
accomplished	adj: having completed a task or achieved a goal successfully; skilled or proficient at something
humanitarian	adj: something relating to the promotion of human welfare or someone who works to promote human welfare
corridor	n: a hallway or passageway, especially one connecting rooms or areas within a building or structure
extend	v: to broaden in scope, range, or area
pound	n: the standard unit of money in the UK; the standard unit of weight equal to 16 ounces
military	adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare
territory	n: an area under the control of a ruler or state
necessarily	adv: in an essential manner; in such a way as could not be otherwise
intern	v: to put someone in prison, especially for political or military reasons; (noun) a student or trainee who works, sometimes for free, to get work experience or to fulfill qualification criteria
domestically	adv: inside a particular group of people, such as country, home, family, etc.
nowhere	adv: not in, at, or to any place; not anywhere
involve	v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else
hell	n: the place thought to be where bad people go and are punished after death, often depicted as being located beneath the earth; an extraordinarily unpleasant or difficult place
accomplish	v: to finish or achieve something successfully
militarily	adv: in a manner related to the military or armed forces; with the use of military means
publicly	adv: in a manner accessible to or observable by the public; by the government
diplomacy	n: the art and practice of conducting negotiations between nations, organizations, or people; the fine art of dealing with people in a sensitive and effective way
semblance	n: the outward appearance or visible form of something, especially when it is different from the reality beneath; a vague or superficial similarity
secondary	adj: of a lower rank, status, or importance about something else; not primary or central; derived from or caused by another source
spinning	n: the act of rotating rapidly around an axis; in the context of textiles, the process of twisting fibers together to form thread or yarn
Nazi	n: a member or supporter of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, which controlled Germany from 1933 to 1945 and carried out a genocidal campaign against Jews and other marginalized groups; someone who subscribes to similar racist or authoritarian beliefs
obscene	adj: offensive, rude, or disgusting, usually because of being related to sex
disarm	v: to remove weapons or the means of attack from a person, group, or situation; to win over or reduce suspicion or hostility from an opponent or adversary
homeland	n: a place regarded as one’s native country or where one belongs
intelligence	n: the ability to learn, comprehend, or make judgments or conclusions based on reasons
strike	v: to wallop somebody or something with the hand, fist, or weapon; to have an emotional or cognitive impact upon
frame	n: a strong border or structure of the wood, metal, etc. that surrounds something such as a picture, door, or window
cyberattack	n: an attempt to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network
disinformation	n: false or misleading information that is spread deliberately, usually with the intent to deceive or manipulate public opinion
reckless	adj: marked by a lack of care about danger and the likely results of your actions
abandon	v: to leave a place, thing, or person with no intention of returning; (noun) a feeling of extreme emotional intensity
agenda	n: a list or outline of things to be done, discussed, or considered
largely	adv: virtually entirely; to a large degree
discuss	v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
cyber	adj: relating to or involving computers, computer networks, or virtual reality
colonial	adj: of or relating to a colony (= a territory that is controlled by a more powerful country); to the period of time during which a country or region was a colony
pipeline	n: a very long large tube that is usually underground and is used for carrying liquid or gas for long distances
criminal	n: a person who has committed a crime
syndicate	n: a group of individuals or organizations combined to promote a common interest
restart	v: to start something again, especially after a pause or interruption
disposition	n: a person’s inherent qualities of character or temperament; the act or means of getting rid of something
retaliate	v: to respond to an action or attack with a similar action, especially one that is intended to harm or punish the other person
defeat	v: to win against somebody in a fight, war, or attempt
terrorism	n: the use of violence to attain political or religious goals or to compel a government to act
absolutely	adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly
no-fly	n: a situation in which planes are not allowed to take off or land at a particular airport or in particular airspace; a list of individuals who are prohibited from flying due to security concerns
zone	n: a specific area, region, or section that is marked off or defined in some way
proxy	n: a person or entity that is authorized to act on behalf of another person or entity
advantage	n: a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position; a beneficial feature or asset that someone or something has
tactical	adj: relating to or constituting actions, plans, or strategies designed to achieve a particular purpose, especially an aggressive or political purpose; characterized by calculated planning, organization, and effectiveness
willingness	n: the state of being ready or inclined to do something
spiral	n: a curve that coils around a central point and gets progressively farther away from it as it goes around
globe	n: the earth or world, mainly used to emphasize its vastness
flank	n: the side of an animal, especially the side between the last rib and the hip; the side of military or naval formation; (verb) to be located on either side of something
ripple	n: a small wave on the surface of a liquid, typically caused by an object falling into it or a slight wind
alignment	n: an arrangement in which two or more elements are placed in a straight line or parallel to each other
striking	adj: attractive and distinctive enough to draw notice; exceedingly appealing, frequently in an odd manner
cohesive	adj: causing cohesion; bringing people or things together
economics	n: the branch of social science that deals with the production, consumption, and transfer of goods and services
adopt	v: to choose to follow something; to legally take a child from another family and care for them as if they were one’s own
sanction	n: official permission or approval for an action, especially an economic or political action by a government or international organization
fencing	n: the art or practice of fighting with swords, especially with foils, épées, or sabers, according to certain rules
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
stream	n: a small, narrow river; a continuous flow of something, such as liquid, gas, people, vehicles, etc.
equivalent	n: having the same value, quality, meaning, purpose, etc.
consequence	n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual
extraordinary	adj: exceptional, unexpected, very unusual; surpassing the ordinary or usual
diversification	n: the act of expanding a business or portfolio by adding new products, services, or investments to reduce risk and increase profitability
fossil	n: any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing that has become hard and turned into rock
fuel	n: a substance that is typically burned to generate heat or energy
humanly	adv: in a way that is characteristic of or relating to human beings; in a way that is possible for humans to achieve or accomplish
renewable	adj: capable of being renewed, extended, or replaced
crisis	n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken
prime	adj: main or most important; basic
undermine	v: to make someone or something less powerful, less effective, weaker gradually; to make someone’s fame, confidence, or authority less effective or weaker gradually
commerce	n: the activity of buying and selling things, especially on a large scale
nuclear	adj: of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy
cutoff	n: a point or level beyond which something will not be tolerated or allowed; the act of stopping or interrupting the supply of something
fancy	v: to want to do or have something; (noun) something that many people believe but that is false, or that does not exist; imagination or fantasy
commission	n: a formal instruction, command, or request given to a person or group; an official group of people entrusted by a government or other official body to control or enforce something
rot	v: to decay, or cause something to decay, naturally and gradually
occupy	v: to consume all of someone’s space, attention, or time
presidency	n: the office or term of the President of a country or organization
elect	v: to choose someone for a specific position by voting for them; to decide or choose to do something
committed	adj: willing to put in a lot of effort, time, and energy into something; firmly believing in something
inequality	n: the unfairness of a society in which some people have more opportunity, money, etc. than others; (mathematics) relation between two values when they are different
polarization	n: the division or separation of something into two opposing or contrasting groups or factions; the condition of being polarized or having poles
dysfunction	n: a problem or fault in a system, organism, or part of the body or machine
continent	n: one of the earth’s large landmasses; (adjective) abstaining from your feelings, especially your desire to have sex
principal	adj: most important, main, or chief
adversary	n: a person, group, or force that opposes or fights against another; an enemy or opponent
calculus	n: a branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and limits; the accumulation of hard mineral deposits that can form in organs or ducts in the body, such as kidney stones or gallstones
constrain	v: to restrict or limit someone or something’s freedom or ability to do something
insecure	adj: not firm or firmly fixed; likely to fail or give way, or not assured of safety
destabilize	v: to cause something to become less stable or secure
perspective	n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something
likelihood	n: the probability or chance that something will happen or be the case
transit	n: the act or process of passing through or across a place or state; transportation
redundancy	n: the state of being unnecessary, especially through being able to be replaced by something else
incentive	n: something, such as a punishment, reward, etc., that encourages a person to do something
import	v: to bring goods or services into a country from another country; to transfer electronic data into a database or document;
nominal	adj: being something in name only; insignificantly small, minimal, or minor
suicide	n: the act of killing yourself intentionally
thermobaric	adj: a type of explosive that uses oxygen from the surrounding atmosphere to create a high-temperature, high-pressure explosion, which can cause significant destruction to a wide area
warn	v: to make someone aware of potential danger or difficulty, particularly one that may occur in the future
chemical	adj: relating to or connected with chemistry;
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
inbound	adj: coming in or arriving; relating to something that is coming or moving inward, such as inbound traffic, inbound calls, or inbound shipments
confident	adj: feeling sure about your abilities or qualities or having trust in people, plans, or the future
rump	n: the hindquarters of an animal or the lower part of a person’s torso; (of politics) the most conservative faction of a party
exile	n: the state of being forced to leave one’s country or home, typically for political or punitive reasons
enormous	adj: extremely large or great
parlous	adj: full of danger or uncertainty; precarious; risky
radiate	v: to spread out or emit something, such as light or heat, in all directions
shock	n: a strong feeling or physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected event or experience, especially something unpleasant
grain	n: wheat or any other small hard seeds used as a food; a relatively small granular particle of a substance
invade	v: to enter aggressively into another’s territory by military force for conquest and occupation
pandemic	n: an outbreak of a disease that affects many people over a very wide area
ongoing	adj: continuing to exist or develop, or currently happening
poorest	adj: having the least wealth or resources
indebted	adj: owing money or having financial obligations to another person or organization; feeling grateful or obligated to someone for their help, support, or kindness
sustainable	adj: able to continue or be continued for a long time
debt	n: something, especially money, goods, or services owed by one person to another; the state of owing something
relief	n: a feeling of happiness and relaxation that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced
aid	n: things sent to help countries in need, notably food or money; support
commodity	n: a product or a raw material that can be traded, bought, or sold
spike	n: a narrow, thin, pointed piece of metal, wood, etc.; a sudden large increase in the magnitude or concentration of something
severe	adj: extremely serious or bad in feeling, manner, or strict and harsh; extremely strong or vigorous
chain	n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
starvation	n: a severe lack of food that leads to malnutrition and, ultimately, death
organization	n: a group of people who work together for a shared purpose
sub-Saharan	adj: of or relating to or situated in the area south of the Sahara Desert
horrible	adj: extremely unpleasant or bad; causing fear or disgust
structural	adj: associated with the way on construction or organization of anything
explosion	n: a violent release induced by a chemical or nuclear reaction
immense	adj: extremely large or great
knock-on	n: a secondary effect or consequence that follows or results from a primary event or action; (of rugby) a type of handling error that occurs when a player accidentally knocks the ball forward with their hand or arm
integrate	v: to combine one thing with another so that they form a whole or work together; to accept equal participation for members of all races and ethnic groups
fellow	adj: someone who has the same job or interests as you, or is in the same class, profession, or situation as you
vast	adj: enormous in size, number, amount, or quantity
depredation	n: the act of attacking or plundering; damaging or despoiling something such as a place or territory
climate	n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period
disappear	v: to cease to exist or be visible
headline	n: a heading at the top of a newspaper or magazine story or page
release	v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement
atlas	n: a book of maps or charts; a figure in Greek mythology who bore the weight of the world on his shoulders
ignore	v: to intentionally not listen or pay attention to
embark	v: to go on board a ship or plane; to set out on an enterprise or subject of study; to start something
enthusiasm	n: a strong feeling of excitement and interest in a particular subject or cause and an eagerness to become involved in it
unravel	v: undo twisted, knitted, or woven threads by separating it
accelerate	v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly
adoption	n: the action or fact of legally taking another’s child as one’s own; the act of accepting with approval
diminish	v: to reduce or be reduced in size, extent, or importance; to make something smaller, weaker, etc.
derail	v: to cause a train or tram to run off the tracks accidentally; to run off or leave the rails accidentally
transition	n: the process or period of changing from one state or circumstance to another
suddenly	adv: quickly and unexpectedly
priority	n: something that is more important than other things and should be dealt with first
decarbonize	v: to stop or reduce emitting carbon gases, especially carbon dioxide, by replacing energy made from fossil fuels with renewable energy
accord	n: an official agreement or treaty between two organizations, countries, etc.; (verb) allow to have
divide	v: to separate or cause to separate into parts or groups
carbon	n: a chemical element that can be found in pure form as diamond or graphite, and it is also an essential part of coal and oil and is found in all plants and animals
emit	v: to give off or send out something such as light, heat, sound, gas, etc.
margin	n: the space around the edge of a page or document; (finance) the net sales minus the cost of goods and services sold
capita	n: a Latin word meaning “head,” used to express the amount for each person; any head or headlike expansion on a structure, as on a bone
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
incoherent	adj: expressed or formulated without clarity or logic; lacking cohesion or connection; disjointed or rambling in speech or writing
incapable	adj: unable to do, control, or achieve something
effectuate	v: to cause or bring about something, particularly a change or action; to put into effect or implement
progression	n: the act or process of changing to the next stage or phase or moving forward
battery	n: a device that is placed inside a car, gadget, equipment, etc. and that provides electrical power to them
optimistic	adj: hoping or expecting that good thing will happen or something will be successful
delegate	n: a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular, an elected representative sent to a conference; (verb) to transfer power to someone
autonomy	n: the right of an organization, country, or region to govern itself independently
censor	n: a person or institution responsible for examining books, movies, and other forms of media to determine if they are harmful or offensive and should be banned or altered; an official in charge of banning or suppressing information
assembly	n: a group of people who have been elected, especially one that meets regularly and makes decisions or laws for a specific region or country
diplomat	n: a person appointed by a government to conduct diplomacy (= the management of relationships between countries) with one or more other countries or international organizations
censure	n: strong criticism or disapproval; an official expression of disapproval or rebuke; (verb) to criticize or express disapproval of someone or something in a formal or official way
fragment	n: a small piece or part broken off or detached
announcement	n: a public statement or declaration, often made in writing or through the media, that conveys important information or news
slight	adj: very small in degree or amount
censorship	n: the act or process of suppression or restriction of any portions of books, films, news, etc. that are judged obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security
pursue	v: to do something or attempt to attain something over time; to follow or seek someone or something, especially in trying to catch them
relentless	adj: persistent and determined; continuing despite difficulties or setbacks
embedded	adj: fixed firmly into the surface of something
astonishing	adj: surprising or shocking; difficult to believe
influence	n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself
primarily	adv: mainly
opposed	adj: being completely different from something or disagreeing strongly with something
expense	n: the money, time, or effort incurred or required for something
labor	n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal
definitely	adv: without any question and beyond doubt; clearly
perceive	v: to become aware or conscious of something through the senses
engaging	adj: attracting, pleasant, or charming
minimize	v: to make something, especially something bad, small or less serious
dam	n: a wall constructed over a river to block the flow of water, mainly used to generate energy
ambassador	n: a diplomatic representative of a country who is sent to another country or international organization
investor	n: someone who puts money or capital into something to gain financial returns
unique	adj: being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
reliant	adj: needing something or something to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed
topic	n: a subject that is being discussed or written about
regime	n: the organization, a system, or method that is the governing authority of a political unit
endogenous	adj: originating or arising from within an organism, system, or process rather than from external factors; pertaining to internal causes or influences
palace	n: the residence of a high-ranking official such as a king, queen, etc.
coup	n: a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government; an impressive or successful action or achievement
provoke	v: to stimulate or give rise to a particular reaction or have a particular effect
uprising	n: a public rebellion, especially against an established government or authority
unlikely	adj: not probable or likely to happen
chuckle	n: a soft, partly suppressed laugh; an act of laughing quietly; (verb) to laugh quietly or softly, often in a suppressed or restrained way
rumor	n: a piece of unverified information of uncertain origin that is spread by word of mouth
relative	adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else
credible	adj: capable of being trusted or believed
arrest	v: to take into custody
detain	v: to keep someone in official custody; to prevent them from leaving
nonviolence	n: the use of peaceful means, such as civil disobedience or passive resistance, rather than violence to achieve a goal, especially in the context of political or social change
protest	n: a strong expression of disagreement, disapproval, or opposition
opposition	n: the act of disagreeing or resisting; the state of strong disagreement
telegram	n: a message sent by telegraph (= a method of long-distance transmission of messages by electrical or radio signals), typically consisting of a few words and sent at a reduced rate for urgent or brief communications
bunch	n: a grouping of several similar things which are growing or fastened together
implode	v: to collapse inward violently or burst inward with a sudden release of energy; to disintegrate or break down suddenly and completely
demonstration	n: a display or show, often of a particular skill or product, intended to convince or persuade others
violent	adj: involving or caused by physical force or aggression against someone or something
desert	n: arid land with little or no vegetation often covered with sand or rocks
bomb	n: a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or injure people or to cause damage to something
pilot	n: a person who flies an aircraft, especially as a job; a person qualified to guide ships through a difficult area of water
decide	v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options
defect	n: an imperfection, shortcoming, or lack of something or someone
morale	n: the emotional or mental state of a person or group, especially in relation to confidence, enthusiasm, and determination
balanced	adj: taking all sides or opinions into account equally; being in a state of proper equilibrium
trump	n: a playing card with a picture of a trumpeter on it, used in certain card games
regard	v: to think about or consider somebody or something in a specified way
appreciate	v: to value and acknowledge the worth of someone or something; to be grateful for something or someone
imminent	adj: coming or likely to happen very soon
possibility	n: a chance that something may happen or be true
cease	v: to stop an action or event
eventually	adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on
climb-down	n: an act of yielding, surrendering, or compromising, especially after a conflict or dispute; a reversal of a previously held position or stance
forcibly	adv: done by physical power or violence; against someone’s will
resolve	v: to find a suitable answer to the problems or difficulty
rattle	v: to make or cause to make short, successive, sharp, and loud sounds
saber	n: a type of sword with a curved blade, typically used in cavalry or fencing
missile	n: a weapon, such as a rocket or guided projectile, that is self-propelled and directed by remote control or by an internal guidance mechanism
confrontation	n: the act of facing or dealing with something directly and openly; a direct and often hostile encounter or disagreement
superpower	n: a country or nation that has significant global influence or formidable military, economic, or technological strength; a supernatural ability or force capable of extraordinary feats or feats beyond normal human capabilities
hotline	n: a telephone line that provides immediate emergency or special assistance
invite	v: to ask someone to come or join; to offer an opportunity or possibility for something to happen or take place
horizon	n: the line at which the earth’s surface and the sky appear to meet; the range of interest or activity that can be anticipated
continually	adv: in a way that happens without interruption or repeatedly
frank	adj: honest and sincere; open and candid in expression
debilitating	adj: weakening or damaging; causing a loss of strength, energy, or success
warhead	n: the explosive or destructive part of a missile, rocket, or other weapons that are designed to explode on impact or detonation
destroy	v: to ruin or damage severely or completely; to eradicate or eliminate completely
planet	n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star
institutional	adj: of, in, or relating to a large important organization, such as a university or bank; organized as or forming part of the standard systems, practices, etc.
generic	adj: not specific; not linked to a particular brand or product
magnitude	n: the extent, level, importance, or amount of something
seize	v: to catch or take hold of someone or something suddenly and forcibly; to capture the attention or imagination of something
slightly	adv: in a small degree or extent; a little
gigantic	adj: extremely large
quarter	n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion
unjust	adj: not fair or equitable; lacking in justice or impartiality; morally unacceptable or wrong
impose	v: to officially force a new law, tax, duty, etc. to be obeyed or received
sin	n: the offense against a religious or moral law or against God
desire	n: a strong feeling of wanting to have or do something
quad	n: (short for quadrangle) a square or rectangular open area or courtyard, often surrounded by buildings or used for recreational or social purposes
mutual	adj: common to or shared by two or more parties
longstanding	adj: having existed for a long time
jettison	v: to throw away or abandon something, often to lighten a load or to remove something that is no longer needed; to discard or get rid of something
substantial	adj: fairly large in size, value, or importance
abstain	v: to choose not to do something, especially something that one wants to do
overt	adj: open, evident, or clear, especially in a way that is not intended to be secret
condemnation	n: the act of expressing strong disapproval or severe criticism towards something or someone; the punishment or judgment of a person or group for their actions
creditor	n: a person, company, etc. to whom a debtor owes money
crypto	n: short for “cryptocurrency,” a digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security and operates independently of a central bank; someone who hides their true political beliefs or agenda, often to advance their interests or to avoid backlash from society
sweep	v: to clean something, especially a floor or an area, by using a broom; move swiftly and smoothly
sector	n: a distinct part or division of something often used to refer to a segment of an economy or industry; an area or field of work or activity
finance	n: the management of money, credit, banking, and investments, especially by a government or commercial organization; the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets
manufacture	v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines
footprint	n: a mark of a foot, shoe, or animal’s foot left on a surface
entrenched	adj: established firmly and securely
resist	v: to refuse to accept something and attempt to prevent it from happening
increment	n: a regular increase in the amount of something, such as money; a process of becoming larger, longer, or more important
friend-sourcing	n: the process of seeking advice, information, or resources from one’s friends or social network, often through social media or online platforms
insourcing	n: a business practice in which work that would otherwise have been contracted out to an external company is performed in-house by an organization’s employees
swift	adj: happening, moving, or capable of moving quickly
discount	n: a reduction in the original price of an item, product, or service; a deduction from the usual cost or value of something; (verb) to disregard or minimize the importance of something; to offer a lower price for a product or service than its original price
complexity	n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand
semiconductor	n: a material or substance that can conduct electricity under certain conditions but not others, often used in electronic devices
component	n: one of several parts that combines with others to form something bigger
hawk	n: a bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail; an advocate of an aggressive policy on foreign relations
unheard	adj: not heard, listened to, or noticed; not having been brought to public attention
tight	adj: fixed, fastened, or kept together firmly or closely
rebuild	v: to build again or anew
problematic	adj: full of difficulties; difficult to deal with or solve
burden	n: a duty, responsibility, etc. that is oppressive or worrisome; a load, typically a heavy one that is difficult to carry
roll	v: to move in a particular direction by turning over and over or from side to side
sue	v: to claim a person or organization, especially by filing a legal claim for money or redress
retake	v: to take something again or a second time, especially an examination or a photograph, to correct mistakes or improve the result
courageous	adj: able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching
inspire	v: to make somebody fill with the desire, confidence, or enthusiasm, especially to do something creative
communicate	v: to share or exchange information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals
rally	v: a public meeting of a group of people intended to arouse enthusiasm
runup	n: the period leading up to a specific event, such as an election, deadline, or project completion; the act of running up to something, as in a race or competition
unwilling	adj: not ready or wanting to do something
mobilize	v: to make something ready for action or use; to organize people or resources for a particular purpose
display	v: to exhibit or show something to others, often to attract attention or demonstrate its features, properties, or value
analyze	v: to think about in-depth and evaluate to discover essential features or meaning