Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (414 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (87 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
unprecedented	adj: never having been seen, done, or known before
affair	n: event, situation, or subject that is significant from a political or public perspective; a secretive or illicit sexual relationship
curator	n: a person whose job is to manage the objects or artworks in a museum, art gallery, etc.
tune	n: a musical composition or set of musical notes that are played or sung; (verb) to adjust or set something to a specific condition or standard
conversation	n: an informal talk between two or more people to exchange their views, ideas, information, etc.
disappear	v: to cease to exist or be visible
monitor	v: to observe, check, and track the progress or quality of something over a period of time
introductory	adj: intended as an introduction or preliminary; serving as a base or starting point
amazing	adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire
sunshine	n: the direct light and heat that comes from the sun
excite	v: to make someone feel suddenly enthusiastic or eager
devote	v: to commit or dedicate oneself or one’s time, effort, or energy to a particular task or purpose
profound	adj: extremely great; sensed or experienced very strongly; displaying a high level of knowledge or comprehension
vaccine	n: a substance that is put into the body and protects them from disease by causing them to produce antibodies (= proteins that attack harmful bacteria, viruses, etc.)
extraordinary	adj: exceptional, unexpected, very unusual; surpassing the ordinary or usual
quest	n: a long or challenging search for something
coronavirus	n: a large family of viruses that can cause illness in humans and animals, which name comes from the crown-like spikes on the surface of the virus, which can be seen under a microscope, and COVID-19 is caused by a specific type of coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2
delight	n: a feeling of great pleasure or happiness
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
mention	v: to speak or write about something or someone briefly
celebrated	adj: renowned for possessing admirable attributes
anniversary	n: the annual recurrence of a date marking a notable event; a date on which an event occurred in a previous year
wealth	n: a large amount of money, property, or other things that someone or an organization owns
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
foundation	n: the lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically below ground level; a fundamental basis or principle upon which something is built or established; an organization that provides funding or support for charitable or educational purposes
launch	v: to send or propel something into the air or space using a device such as a rocket, missile, or spacecraft; to make something available or on sale for the first time
emergency	n: a sudden unforeseen crisis usually involving danger that requires immediate action
stockpile	n: a large quantity or reserve of goods or materials that are accumulated and stored for future use, often used for emergency or contingency purposes; (verb) to accumulate or gather a large quantity of something, usually for future use or as a reserve
outbreak	n: a sudden start of something, usually a disease or something dangerous or unpleasant
cholera	n: a severe infectious disease that causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration, often resulting in a rapid and dangerous loss of body fluids and electrolytes
meningitis	n: inflammation of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, typically caused by a bacterial or viral infection and characterized by fever, headache, and a stiff neck
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
distribute	v: to give something to a large number of individuals, or to spread or furnish something
macro	n: (computing) a set of instructions that automate a frequently used series of keystrokes or mouse actions; (photography) a lens that allows you to take close-up photographs; (economics) a large-scale economic policy or system
immunization	n: the process of making a person or animal immune to a specific disease by administering a vaccine or other preventative measure
addition	n: the act or process of adding something to something else; the process of adding numbers
vaccinate	v: to treat with a vaccine, usually by injection, to produce immunity against a disease
incredible	adj: unbelievable; enormous
intervention	n: the action or process of being done to improve or help a circumstance, often they have not been asked to do so
vacation	n: a period in which someone does not have to attend work or school and is free to do whatever they choose, such as travel or leisure
cow	n: a domesticated mammal with characteristic features such as a hump, large udders, and curved horns that is raised for its milk or meat
observation	n: the act or activity of carefully examining or monitoring something or someone
maid	n: a girl or young woman employed to do domestic work
pockmark	n: a small pit or indentation on the surface of something, particularly on the skin or on a surface that has been scarred or damaged
smallpox	n: a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, weakness, spots on the skin, and often death
concept	n: an idea or principle associated with something abstract
infect	v: to affect a person, an animal, or a plant with a disease-causing organism
zoonotic	adj: relating to a zoonosis, which is a disease or infection that can be transmitted from animals to humans
naturally	adv: as might be expected; by natural manners
cowpox	n: a viral infection that affects cows and can be transmitted to humans, often through direct contact with infected animals, and a vaccine for smallpox is derived from cowpox
virology	n: the scientific study of viruses and their properties, including their structure, behavior, transmission, and effects on organisms
stimulate	v: to encourage something to develop or become more active; to stir the feelings or emotions
immune	adj: protected against a particular disease or toxin due to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells
miraculous	adj: very effective or lucky, or completely unexpected
threat	n: a strong indication or likelihood of harm, danger, or adverse consequences; an expression of intent to inflict harm or injury on someone or something, often made as a means of coercion or intimidation
perceive	v: to become aware or conscious of something through the senses
irrational	adj: not based on, or not using reason or clear thinking; (mathematics) a real number that cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers
scared	adj: afraid or frightened
subtle	adj: not readily apparent or visible
grind	v: to reduce something to small particles or powder by crushing or rubbing it; to work hard over a long period of time
inject	v: to put a liquid such as a drug or other substance into a person’s or an animal’s body using a needle and syringe (= small tube)
whopping	adj: extremely large, impressive, or noteworthy; it can also be used to describe a surprise or shock
sore	adj: painful or sensitive to the touch; inflamed or irritated; feeling deep distress, grief, or regret
virus	n: a tiny infectious organic material that causes disease in people, animals, and plants
frank	adj: honest and sincere; open and candid in expression
measles	n: a highly infectious viral disease that causes fever, red spots on the skin, and other flu-like symptoms, typically affects children
molecular	adj: of or relating to molecules (= a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds)
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
organic	adj: of or derived from biological substance; producing plants and animals for food and other items without the use of synthetic chemicals
scare	v: to frighten a person or animal, or to become frightened
sequel	n: a book, film, or other work that continues the story of an earlier one
massive	adj: enormous amount; very heavy and solid
coordinated	adj: effectively arranged or organized so that all the parts work smoothly or systematically together
tackle	v: to try to deal with a complex problem or situation
exciting	adj: causing a lot of interest or excitement
topic	n: a subject that is being discussed or written about
background	n: the details of a person’s social heritage, such as family, vocational or educational experience; past information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem
candid	adj: honest, straightforward, and frank in someone’s words or actions
terrifying	adj: very frightening or intimidating
epidemic	n: the widespread outbreak of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time
manufacture	v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines
temporarily	adv: for a limited time only or not permanently
investigation	n: the act or process of thoroughly examining a crime, problem, statement, etc., to uncover the truth
experimental	adj: relating to or based on new ideas, forms, methods, etc. that have not been tried before, usually to find out what effect they have
license	n: an official permission or authorization to do, use, or own something; a legal document that grants the holder the right to perform certain activities, such as driving a car, practicing a profession, or using a particular product or service
procure	v: to obtain, acquire, or secure something, often by effort or skill
terrorism	n: the use of violence to attain political or religious goals or to compel a government to act
anthrax	n: a serious bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis that can affect both humans and animals; it is characterized by a range of symptoms, including skin blisters, fever, and difficulty breathing, and can be fatal if left untreated
decide	v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options
necessarily	adv: in an essential manner; in such a way as could not be otherwise
freezer	n: a device that keeps food, beverages, or other perishable items at low temperatures to maintain their freshness or preserve them for later use
deploy	v: to move troops or weapons into a position or military action; to bring into something in an effective way
clinical	adj: of or relating to the examination and treatment of patients rather than theoretical or laboratory studies
heroic	adj: courageous and daring; having or displaying qualities appropriate for legendary figures that is courage and daring
purity	n: the state of being undiluted or unmixed with anything else; the state of being free from immorality, especially of a sexual nature
zone	n: a specific area, region, or section that is marked off or defined in some way
surrounding	adj: that is near or around, or closely encircling something
enormous	adj: extremely large or great
shocking	adj: extremely or surprisingly bad, or causing a strong emotional response such as surprise or disgust
sequence	n: a series of related events, actions, numbers, etc., which have a particular order
poorest	adj: having the least wealth or resources
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
surveillance	n: the act of carefully monitoring a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed or expected
identify	v: to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are
disrupt	v: to prevent or stop something, especially an event, activity, or process, from continuing in the usual way by causing a problem or disturbance
invest	v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result
paradox	n: a statement, situation, or person that has two opposite facts or features and therefore seems impossible, is difficult to understand, or is strange;
administer	v: to oversee and control the operation or arrangement of something
lifetime	n: the duration of someone’s life or something’s existence;
medical	adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine
invention	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation; the act of inventing
revenue	n: the income that a government receives from taxes or that a company earns from its business
stream	n: a small, narrow river; a continuous flow of something, such as liquid, gas, people, vehicles, etc.
circumstance	n: the specific conditions or events that surround a particular situation or occurrence
crippling	adj: causing someone to become unable to walk or move; causing severe damage or harm
software	n: a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data for doing particular computational jobs
cheaply	adv: in a stingy or inexpensive manner
pharmaceutical	adj: relating to the production and selling of the medical drugs
industrious	adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort
profit	n: money that is earned in business or by selling things after deducting the costs involved
entity	n: something that exists independently and has its own identity
shareholder	n: a person who owns shares of stock in a company or business and therefore gets the company’s profit and has the right to control the company
charitable	adj: giving money, food, or help free to those who are poor or in need; full of love and generosity
coalition	n: a temporary alliance formed by two or more political parties for combined action; the state of being combined into one body
sector	n: a distinct part or division of something often used to refer to a segment of an economy or industry; an area or field of work or activity
primarily	adv: mainly
bat	n: a nocturnal animal with wings that flies and feeds at night, similar to a mouse; a piece of wood with a handle used for hitting the ball in sports including baseball, cricket, and table tennis
database	n: a large amount of data stored in a computer system in such a way that it can be searched and updated easily
isolate	v: to physically or socially separate someone or something from other people or things
spike	n: a narrow, thin, pointed piece of metal, wood, etc.; a sudden large increase in the magnitude or concentration of something
corona	n: a crown-shaped structure, often referring to the outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere; a family of viruses known as coronaviruses; a halo or aura around a celestial body; a circular pattern or shape
attache	n: a person who works at an embassy, usually having a specialized area of responsibility; a shallow and rectangular briefcase
receptor	n: an organ having nerve endings that respond to stimulation such as heat or cold and makes the body react in a particular way
lung	n: either of the two organs in the chest that people and some animals use for breathing
predict	v: to state beforehand that something will happen in the future, mainly based on knowledge or experience
evolutionary	adj: relating to or denoting how living things develop or change from earlier forms
certainty	n: the state of being certain
ancient	adj: relating to the long ago, particularly the historical period preceding the fall of the Western Roman Empire; very old
quarter	n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion
immunity	n: the ability of an organism to resist infection or disease, often due to the presence of antibodies
mutation	n: the way in which genes of a person, plant, animal, or other organism change and produce permanent differences
slightly	adv: in a small degree or extent; a little
antibody	n: a substance produced in the blood that attacks and kills harmful bacteria, viruses, etc., to fight disease
influenza	n: (formal for flu) a highly contagious viral disease that causes fever, severe aching, and catarrh and often occurs in epidemics
solvable	adj: capable of being solved or resolved; able to be fixed or resolved with effort, skill, or knowledge
technique	n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill
assume	v: to think or accept something to be true without having proof of it; to take or begin to have power; to begin to exhibit a specific quality or appearance
herd	n: a group of animals of the same type that live or are kept together as livestock
miserable	adj: very unhappy, uncomfortable, or unpleasant; causing great distress or suffering
horrible	adj: extremely unpleasant or bad; causing fear or disgust
retake	v: to take something again or a second time, especially an examination or a photograph, to correct mistakes or improve the result
mortality	n: the quality or state of being subject to death
react	v: to take action in response to something
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
epidemiology	n: the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events, including diseases, in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems
breakneck	adj: extremely fast and reckless; dangerous and high-speed
pace	n: the speed at which someone or something moves, or the rate at which something happens or changes
release	v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement
claim	v: to assert that something is true; to demand or request something as one’s own; to lay legal or moral right to something; (noun) a demand or assertion of a right or something that one believes to be true
genetic	adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes
nomenclature	n: a system or set of names or terms used in a particular field, such as science or medicine, or for classifying or categorizing things
vial	n: a small glass container, especially one containing liquid medicine or perfume
messenger	n: someone or something that carries a message, especially one sent to convey information, news, or an official document
mRNA	n: (an abbreviation for messenger RNA) a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein
doe	n: a mature female of mammals of which the male is called a buck, such as a deer or a rabbit
conventional	adj: based on or following traditional rules, standards, customs, etc.
protein	n: a molecule made up of a long chain of amino acids, which is essential for the structure and function of the body’s tissues
vector	n: a quantity that has both magnitude and direction, often used in mathematics, physics, and engineering to describe forces, velocities, or other physical phenomena; any agent (person or animal, or microorganism) that carries and transmits a disease
diversity	n: the quality or fact of many different types of things or people being included in something; a range of different things or people
intrigue	v: to make someone interested, especially by being strange, unusual, or mysterious; to make a secret plan with other people to harm someone
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
optimize	v: to make the best or most effective use of something
bubble	n: a thin, round, and often transparent mass of gas that is surrounded by a thin layer of liquid; a state of economic or social prosperity that is unsustainable and eventually collapses
academic	adj: associated with schools, colleges, and universities, especially studying and thinking, not with practical skills
pathway	n: a track that constitutes or serves as a path; an approach or a way of doing something
eventually	adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on
accelerate	v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly
gram	n: a metric unit of weight equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram
chemical	adj: relating to or connected with chemistry;
stimulant	n: a substance or drug that increases or heightens physiological or nervous system activity typically used to improve alertness, attention, or concentration
adjuvant	n: a substance that is added to a vaccine or medication to enhance its effects or increase its effectiveness
outcome	n: the result or effect of an action, event, etc.
elderly	adj: (a polite word for) old
regulator	n: a person or thing that controls or balances something; a person or an organization that is responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest
protocol	n: a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data or conducting a process or activity, especially in computer networks or scientific experiments; the initial or original version of an agreement
complicated	adj: involving a lot of different things or parts in a way that is difficult to understand or analyze
summarize	v: to give a brief statement of the most important facts or ideas about something
normally	adv: usually; under normal conditions
compression	n: the act or process of pressing or squeezing something together, often using force or pressure; (of physics) the reduction of volume or increase in pressure of a gas or fluid
compress	v: to press or squeeze together to make something take up less space
preclinical	adj: of or relating to the early phases of a disease when an accurate diagnosis is not possible because symptoms of the disease have not yet appeared; of or relating to the first stage of a medical education
reproducibility	n: the ability of an experiment, study, or result to be replicated or repeated by different researchers or laboratories, often seen as a key aspect of scientific rigor
adaptive	adj: capable of adjusting to new situations or changing conditions
sequent	adj: following as a result or consequence
enroll	v: to officially register or sign up for something, particularly a course of study, an organization, or a service
dramatically	adv: in a very impressive manner
consent	n: permission or agreement to do something, especially given by somebody in authority
absolutely	adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly
crucial	adj: extremely vital or necessary
unsung	adj: not praised or famous but deserving to be recognized for one’s accomplishments or contributions; not publicized or acclaimed
hero	n: a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities; a character in literature or history who is central to the plot and who exhibits heroic qualities
volunteer	n: a person who performs or offers to perform a job or service without being paid for or forced to do
substance	n: the real physical material of which a thing or person consist; the most important or main part of some idea or experience; an illegal drug
dot	n: a very small circular mark, especially one that is printed
remotely	adv: at a distance; not directly or easily accessible
afford	v: to have enough money or time to be able to buy or do something
scalable	adj: capable of being easily expanded or increased in size, number, or scale to meet changing demands
squeeze	v: to apply pressure from two or more sides; to hold someone or something tightly in your arms, usually with fondness
ultimate	adj: furthest or highest in degree or order
relate	v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something
exposure	n: the state of being in a particular situation or place where there is no protection from or guarantee to something harmful; the disclosure of something secret
vulnerable	adj: capable of being hurt or influenced physically or mentally
asymptomatic	adj: not experiencing or exhibiting any symptoms of a particular disease or condition, even though the individual may be infected or affected by it
afterward	adv: after the time mentioned
resistant	adj: not affected by something, especially changes or new ideas; of or relating to immunity to disease or infection
infection	n: a condition in which pathogenic microorganisms or viruses have entered the body
severe	adj: extremely serious or bad in feeling, manner, or strict and harsh; extremely strong or vigorous
recommend	v: to suggest that someone or something would be a suitable fit for a particular purpose or role
intentionally	adv: in a planned or intended way
exposed	adj: having no protection or shield from something, such as bad weather, attack, or criticism
isolation	n: the condition of being alone or lonely; the act or state of separation between persons or groups
chain	n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle
transmission	n: the act or process of sending something from one person or place to another; the process of broadcasting over the airwaves, as in radio or television
suppress	v: to bring something under control by force or authority; to put an end by force
norm	n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard
reintroduce	v: to bring back something that has been previously abolished or discontinued
experiment	n: the scientific test conducted to observe what happens and gain new knowledge
damp	adj: slightly wet or moist; characterized by a lack of warmth, enthusiasm, or energy; depressing or dispiriting
normalcy	n: the state or quality of being normal, typical, or expected; the condition of being in accordance with social norms or expectations
dynamics	n: the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces, including the particular case in which a body remains at rest; forces that produce or stimulate movement, growth, or change
puzzled	adj: confused or uncertain because you do not understand something
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
analogy	n: a comparison between similar things that have similar aspects, often used to help explain a principle or concept
suddenly	adv: quickly and unexpectedly
horizon	n: the line at which the earth’s surface and the sky appear to meet; the range of interest or activity that can be anticipated
galvanize	v: to stimulate or shock someone into taking action; to cover metal containing zinc to protect it from rust
sake	n: purpose; reason for wanting something done
prevalent	adj: existing very commonly in a particular area or in a specific time
trade-off	n: a balance achieved between two desirable but incompatible features; an exchange that occurs as a compromise
humanly	adv: in a way that is characteristic of or relating to human beings; in a way that is possible for humans to achieve or accomplish
appropriate	adj: suitable or proper in the circumstances; fitting
balance	n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away
bureaucracy	n: a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives
delay	v: to cause something to happen at a later time than originally intended or expected
rage	n: a strong feeling of anger or violence
alarm	n: a loud noise or an automatic signal that warns people of danger; a device that signals the occurrence of some undesirable event or particular danger
distance	n: the amount of space between two points, measured in units such as miles, meters, or kilometers; the extent, scope, or range between two things, such as distance or emotional distance
curve	n: a bend or angle in a line or surface that deviates from a straight or flat path; a gradual or smooth change in direction or shape
resurge	v: to experience a new period of growth or activity after a time of dormancy or decline; to rise again or come back into existence
reckless	adj: marked by a lack of care about danger and the likely results of your actions
expose	v: to show something by uncovering it; to make something accessible to some action or influence
bug	n: any tiny insect; a fault or defect in a computer program, system, or machine
scary	adj: causing fear or fright; frightening; intimidating
cramp	n: a sudden, painful contraction or spasm of a muscle, typically in the leg or abdomen; a feeling of tightness or discomfort in a muscle caused by prolonged use or stress
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
associate	v: to mentally connect someone or something with someone or something else
lift	v: to raise something to a higher position or level; to pick up something or somebody and move them to a different position
lid	n: a removable or hinged cover for the top of a container
surge	n: a sudden and great increase of something, such as a feeling, the amount or number, etc.
scenario	n: a description of possible actions or events in the future; a written outline of a play, film, or literary work
incredibly	adv: in a way that is very difficult to believe; exceedingly or extremely
clamp	v: to fasten or secure something tightly, often using a tool or device called a clamp; to restrict something or someone’s freedom or movement; (noun) a device used to secure, fasten, or hold objects together; a mass or group of things that are held or gathered tightly together
upscale	adj: denoting products, services, or properties that are considered high-end, luxurious, or exclusive; (adverb) in a way that is high-class, luxurious, or intended to appeal to affluent consumers
incentivize	v: to make someone want to do in a particular way by offering them a reward
debate	n: a formal discussion or argument of opposing viewpoints, often to persuade others to adopt a specific position; a public discussion, often on an issue of current interest, in which participants offer opinions and differing perspectives
symptom	n: any sensation or change in body or mind that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease
grant	v: to agree to give or allow somebody
credible	adj: capable of being trusted or believed
invisible	adj: impossible or nearly impossible to see
mayor	n: an elected official who presides over a city or town government
recover	v: to return to a former condition, health, mind, or strength
spreader	n: a person or thing that spreads something, such as a disease, rumor, or substance
heroically	adv: in a way that shows great bravery, courage, or self-sacrifice
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
initially	adv: at the beginning; at first
fin	n: a thin flat part on the body of a fish or other aquatic animal used for propulsion or balance
contribute	v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
adequate	adj: enough, acceptable, satisfactory for a particular purpose or need
contract	n: a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, setting out their rights and obligations to each other, typically in writing and enforceable by law
modular	adj: consisting of distinct or separable parts or units that can be joined together and form a complete whole
competitive	adj: involving competition or competitiveness
extent	n: the point or degree or area to which something extends
czar	n: (also tsar or tzar) a title of rulers or monarchs, especially in Russia, before the Russian Revolution of 1917; an authoritarian or powerful political leader or high-level officeholder
coordinate	v: to bring the different parts of the activity and the people into an organized, ordered, or efficient relationship; (adjective) of equal importance, rank, or degree
encouraging	adj: giving hope, confidence, or support; inspiring
decision	n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options
confuse	v: to mistake one thing for another; to make somebody hard to understand
explosion	n: a violent release induced by a chemical or nuclear reaction
combination	n: a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
organization	n: a group of people who work together for a shared purpose
maintain	v: to continue to uphold or sustain; to keep in a particular state or condition; to assert or declare something to be true
criteria	n: (plural of criterion) standards or conditions by which something may be judged or decided
aggressive	adj: behaving in an angry, energetic, or threatening way towards another person; tending to spread quickly
handle	v: to deal with a situation, problem, or strong emotion
trillion	n: the number 1,000,000,000,000; a million million
comparison	n: the consideration or examination of the similarities between two or more people or things
represent	v: to speak, act, or be present on behalf of another person or group; to form or constitute
damage	v: to harm or cause injury to something or someone, often resulting in decreased value or functionality; to impair or negatively affect something, such as a reputation or relationship; (noun) harm or injury that is caused to a person, thing, or entity
perspective	n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something
origin	n: the first existence or beginning of something
transfer	v: to move, pass, or change from one person, place, or situation to another
component	n: one of several parts that combines with others to form something bigger
ecosystem	n: all the plants and living creatures in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
specifically	adv: only associated with or meant for one thing
recommendation	n: an official suggestion that something is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job
tier	n: one of a series of rows or levels arranged one above the other, typically used to describe the arrangement of objects or levels of importance
argue	v: to express differing opinions or points of view, often in a heated or contentious manner; to present a case or reasoning to persuade or convince others
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
preexist	v: to exist or occur before something else, especially referring to a time period or event; to predate or come before
equitable	adj: fair and impartial; treating everyone fairly
hoard	v: to collect money, valuables, etc., for future use secretly; (noun) a secret store or collection of money, valuables, etc., for future use
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
confident	adj: feeling sure about your abilities or qualities or having trust in people, plans, or the future
progression	n: the act or process of changing to the next stage or phase or moving forward
variability	n: the fact or quality of something being likely to vary
constantly	adv: all the time
chase	v: to pursue something or someone to catch or capture them; to go after something vigorously or with determination; (noun) a pursuit or a hunt; a narrow groove or channel cut into a surface, often used for decorative purposes
strain	n: a force or pressure that stretches or pulls something, sometimes causing damage; (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups
optimistic	adj: hoping or expecting that good thing will happen or something will be successful
mucus	n: a slimy liquid produced inside the nose and other body parts for lubrication, protection, etc.
serum	n: the thin yellowish liquid that is a component of blood from which the clotting proteins have been removed, usually used to protect people or animals from disease, poison, etc.
bloodstream	n: the blood flowing through the body
cellular	adj: of or connected with the cells of animals or plants; of or connected with a mobile telephone system that uses several short-range radio stations instead of wires
disbeliever	n: a person who does not believe in something, such as a religion or idea
nuclear	adj: of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy
submarine	n: a type of underwater vehicle or vessel that can operate beneath the surface of the water; (adjective) beneath the surface of the sea
patrol	n: the act of guarding an area or conducting surveillance of an area to maintain order, perform security functions, or prevent crime; a group of officers or soldiers that conducts such an operation
preparation	n: the activity of getting ready for something or making something ready
pandemic	n: an outbreak of a disease that affects many people over a very wide area
suffer	v: to experience pain, distress, or hardship; to undergo or endure something painful or unpleasant
structural	adj: associated with the way on construction or organization of anything
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
equivalent	n: having the same value, quality, meaning, purpose, etc.
resilient	adj: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
periphery	n: the outer edge or margin of something, especially a geographical area or a group of people
priority	n: something that is more important than other things and should be dealt with first
routine	n: a usual or habitual way of doing things; a set sequence of steps, part of a larger computer program
spot	n: a particular location or place; a small round or roundish area, differing in color or feels from the surface around it
urban	adj: relating to or located in a town or city
slum	n: a heavily populated urban area characterized by poor, run-down housing and infrastructure, often associated with poverty and social neglect
density	n: the quality of compactness of a substance
climate	n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period
movement	n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively
AI	n: (abbreviation for artificial intelligence) the theory and development of computer systems capable of doing activities that would ordinarily need human intelligence, such as object recognition, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation
veterinary	adj: related to or involved in the practice of caring for animals, particularly in a medical or health-related context
unfortunately	adv: by bad luck; unluckily
military	adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare
baseline	n: a starting point or minimum for comparing facts; the back line bounding each end of a tennis or handball court
back-to-back	adj: situated close to each other and facing in opposite directions; arranged or scheduled consecutively without a break in between; (adverb) consecutively
preparatory	adj: relating to or involving the preparation or planning of something, often before the main or more important event or activity
infectious	adj: able to be passed quickly from one person, animal, or plant to another, especially through air or water
attractive	adj: immensely appealing in look or sound; having characteristics or qualities that make something appealing and valuable
laboratory	n: a workplace for doing scientific research or teaching science; a lab
infuse	v: to fill something with a particular quality, feeling, or influence; to imbue
traditionally	adv: in accordance with tradition; typically or commonly done in a particular way
optimist	n: a person who tends to expect the best in all things and to be hopeful and confident about the future
beg	v: to ask for something urgently or earnestly; to appeal to someone to do something
huddle	v: to crowd or press closely together; cuddle
mechanism	n: a part of a machine, or a set of parts that performs a task; a natural or established process that occurs during a specific situation or reaction
caution	n: great care and attention that you take to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning against certain acts
dampen	v: to make something wet or moist; to reduce the intensity or impact of something, such as a feeling, sound, or movement
bet	v: to risk money on the result of an event or a competition, such as a race or game, to get more money; to have faith or confidence in something
viral	adj: relating to or caused by a virus
respiratory	adj: relating to the organs and processes involved in breathing, such as the lungs and the act of inhaling and exhaling air
continent	n: one of the earth’s large landmasses; (adjective) abstaining from your feelings, especially your desire to have sex
psychology	n: the scientific study of mind and behavior
settle	v: to reach an agreement of disagreement
haul	v: to physically drag or pull someone or something with effort
celebrate	v: to acknowledge a memorable or good day or event with a social gathering or enjoyable activity
reproductive	adj: connected with the process of reproduction; relating to reproducing babies, young animals, or plants
avail	v: to help or benefit; to use or take advantage of
tab	n: a small flap or strip of material attached to or projecting from something; the key on a typewriter or a word processor that causes a tabulation; a bill
prediction	n: the act of predicting the future by reasoning; a statement made about the future
overwhelming	adj: very great or intense; so powerful that you cannot fight or react against it
startling	adj: extremely surprising, astonishing, and sometimes worrying
droplet	n: a small drop of liquid
mask	v: to conceal something; (noun) a covering that you wear over your face to hide it
arguably	adv: used when expressing an opinion or idea that you believe can be proven true
sanitize	v: to clean or disinfect something to make it safe or hygienic; to remove potentially harmful or sensitive information from a document or communication
sanitation	n: the process of maintaining a clean and hygienic environment, particularly in public health and safety contexts; the practice of disposing of waste products in a safe and appropriate manner
unlimited	adj: without any limits or restrictions
quantity	n: the amount or number of something; magnitude
cough	v: to expel air from the lungs suddenly and noisily, often as a reaction to irritation, illness, or some other physical condition; (noun) a sudden, forceful expulsion of air from the lungs, often accompanied by a distinctive sound
apparently	adv: based on what you have heard or read
unconscious	adj: in the state of lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception, especially as the result of a head injury or illness
weird	adj: extraordinary, unexpected, or difficult to explain
automatic	adj: able to work or operate with little or no direct human control; independent of external control
compliant	adj: willing to comply with rules, requests, or demands
appreciate	v: to value and acknowledge the worth of someone or something; to be grateful for something or someone
folk	n: people in general, especially those of a particular group or type
advance	v: to go or move forward; to develop in a positive way
applaud	v: to express approval of someone or something by clapping the hands
politician	n: a person who is a member of a government or law-making organization, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc.
platform	n: the raised flat space close to the track at a train station where passengers get on or off the train; (technology) a computational or digital environment in which a piece of software is executed
precious	adj: uncommon and extremely valuable
emphasize	v: to give or show particular importance to something
wrap	v: to cover or enclose something entirely with paper, cloth, or other material
function	n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose
bargain	n: an agreement between two parties regarding the terms of a purchase or a transaction; a deal or a negotiation that results in a product or a service being acquired for a lower price than usual or expected
mindset	n: the established set of attitudes or fixed ideas held by someone
barrier	n: a fence or other obstruction that makes it hard to move or get in; any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective
trench	n: a long, deep ditch made in the ground, usually parallel to a plate boundary and marking a subduction zone; a long ditch built in the ground for carrying away water
immense	adj: extremely large or great
behalf	n: represent; advantage, benefit, the interest of someone
thread	n: a fine cord of natural or synthetic fibers or filaments, such as cotton or nylon, used in sewing, knitting, or weaving; a series of connected messages or comments on a social media platform or online forum, often related to a particular topic; a sequence or line of events, ideas, or actions that are connected or related; (verb) to pass a thread through a needle or other small opening, in preparation for sewing or stitching
brilliant	adj: extremely clever, skilled, or impressive
excuse	n: a reason or explanation, either true or invented, given to justify a fault or defend your behavior; (verb) to make someone free from blame or clear from guilt
explore	v: to travel to or penetrate an area or a country to learn about it; to thoroughly examine a subject or a possibility to learn more about it
depth	n: the distance between the top and bottom of something; between the top surface and a distance below it
tip	n: the top or extreme point of something slender or tapering, usually a mountain or hill; a piece of advice about something practical; a small amount of money given for services
struggle	v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction
physically	adv: in a way related to a person’s body or appearance rather than their mind