Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (147 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Advanced Words (27 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
planet | n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star | |
critic | n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc. | |
climate | n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period | |
agriculture | n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock | |
urban | adj: relating to or located in a town or city | |
massive | adj: enormous amount; very heavy and solid | |
perspective | n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something | |
combine | v: to join or merge to form a single thing or group | |
dense | adj: containing a large number of people or something with little space between them | |
demographic | n: a statistic characterizing that describes people or groups of people based on their age, sex, income, etc. | |
shift | n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend | |
industrious | adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort | |
acquit | v: to declare someone not guilty of a crime; to relieve someone of a duty or obligation | |
spoil | v: to ruin the taste, appearance, or quality of something; to become or cause something to become rotten or bad | |
expire | v: to come to the end of the period of validity of a document, authorization, agreement, etc. | |
refrigerator | n: an appliance or device used for preserving and cooling food and beverages by maintaining a low temperature within a closed compartment | |
contaminate | v: to make something impure, unclean, or poisonous by contact or mixture | |
highlight | v: to make something prominent, mainly so that people give it more attention | |
maintain | v: to continue to uphold or sustain; to keep in a particular state or condition; to assert or declare something to be true | |
unsurprising | adj: not surprising, and what was expected; able to be predicted | |
consume | v: to spend something, especially fuel, energy, or time, in a large amount | |
relieve | v: to make something burdensome, unpleasant, or painful less severe | |
movement | n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively | |
comprehensive | adj: complete and including all or everything necessary | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
novel | n: an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story; (adjective) original and of a kind not seen before | |
innovation | n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation | |
deploy | v: to move troops or weapons into a position or military action; to bring into something in an effective way | |
industrial | adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry | |
arid | adj: lacking in moisture or rainfall; dry and barren; lacking in interest, life, or vitality | |
desert | n: arid land with little or no vegetation often covered with sand or rocks | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
fancy | v: to want to do or have something; (noun) something that many people believe but that is false, or that does not exist; imagination or fantasy | |
proof | n: a fact or piece of information that shows something is true or exists | |
dimension | n: a measurable extent of a particular kind, such as width, height, or length | |
vertical | adj: upright or perpendicular to a horizontal surface or line | |
rack | n: a framework or support structure used to hold or display objects; a set of interconnected shelves or compartments used for storage; a source of torture, distress, or mental anguish | |
opposed | adj: being completely different from something or disagreeing strongly with something | |
conventional | adj: based on or following traditional rules, standards, customs, etc. | |
refer | v: to direct someone’s attention, thoughts, or questions to another source or person; to mention, cite, or allude to something as evidence or support | |
indoor | adj: located, happened, or used inside a building | |
involve | v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else | |
efficient | adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials | |
affordable | adj: not expensive and able to pay | |
decommission | v: to take a machine, building, weapon, or other equipment out of use or service, often permanently or due to age or disrepair | |
convert | v: to have a talk with someone; (adjective) reversed in order, relation, or action | |
launch | v: to send or propel something into the air or space using a device such as a rocket, missile, or spacecraft; to make something available or on sale for the first time | |
relative | adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else | |
phenomenon | n: something that exists and can be perceptible, especially one that is not fully understood | |
commerce | n: the activity of buying and selling things, especially on a large scale | |
competitive | adj: involving competition or competitiveness | |
replace | v: to take the place of something | |
substitute | n: a person or thing acting or serving instead of another one; (verb) to act as a something or someone instead of another one | |
sunlight | n: the light emitted by the sun; the rays of the sun | |
decide | v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options | |
install | v: to fix furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position so that it can be used; put into an office or a position | |
spectrum | n: an ordered array of colors into which a light beam can be split | |
optimize | v: to make the best or most effective use of something | |
maximum | adj: the largest or greatest amount or value attainable or attained | |
utilize | v: to use something for a practical purpose in an effective way | |
facility | n: a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry | |
stack | n: a pile of something arranged or laid one on top of another; a large tall chimney through which combustion gases and smoke can be evacuated | |
hydroponic | adj: relating to the cultivation of plants in nutrient-rich water instead of soil, often using specialized equipment or systems to optimize growth and production | |
aeroponic | adj: relating to a technique of growing plants without soil by suspending the roots in a mist or aerosol of nutrients | |
soil | n: the top layer of Earth in which plants grow | |
urethane | n: a synthetic organic compound used as a monomer to manufacture flexible and rigid polyurethane foams, adhesives, and coatings | |
sponge | n: a soft material with many microscopic pores that can absorb a large amount of liquid and is used for washing and cleaning | |
biodegrade | v: to decay naturally by microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi | |
peat | n: a type of soil made up of partially decayed organic matter (usually moss) that accumulates in wetlands or bogs, often used as fuel for heat and cooking in some regions of the world | |
moss | n: a small, soft plant that grows in a low, compact layer, often on the ground or on rocks | |
inorganic | adj: being or consisting of nonliving stuff; chemical compounds that contain no or only trace amounts of carbon | |
perlite | n: a type of volcanic glass that expands when heated and is used as a soil additive to improve drainage and aeration | |
clay | n: a natural, earthy material that is made up of very small particles of minerals and can be molded when wet and then fired to produce ceramics | |
pellet | n: a small, round piece of compressed material, such as wood or plastic | |
aspect | n: one part or feature of a situation, problem, subject, etc. | |
precise | adj: sharply exact or accurate or delimited | |
nutrient | n: any substance that is essential for the maintenance and growth of living things | |
formula | n: a group of symbols, letters, or numbers that represent a rule, law, or mathematical statement | |
circulate | v: to move continuously or freely around a place or closed system | |
recycle | v: to sort and collect things to process them and produce valuable materials that can be used again | |
pump | v: to cause water, air, gas, etc. to move from one place to another by using mechanical equipment; to get or supply something such as money, information, etc. in significant quantities | |
zone | n: a specific area, region, or section that is marked off or defined in some way | |
promote | v: to encourage or persuade people to like, buy, use, do, or support something; to raise someone to a higher position or rank | |
sophisticated | adj: having a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of people’s behavior, culture, and fashion | |
monitor | v: to observe, check, and track the progress or quality of something over a period of time | |
automatic | adj: able to work or operate with little or no direct human control; independent of external control | |
efficiency | n: the state or quality of doing something well with no waste of input such as time or money | |
consistency | n: the quality of acting or being done in the same way over time; the quality of not containing any logical contradictions | |
trace | v: to find or discover someone or something that was lost | |
obvious | adj: easy to see, discover or understand | |
consistent | adj: always behaving or happening in the same way, or having the same thoughts, standards, etc. | |
predictable | adj: capable of being known, seen or declared in advance | |
gram | n: a metric unit of weight equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram | |
conserve | v: to protect something, especially the natural environment or culture, from change, damage, or destruction | |
fertilizer | n: a natural or chemical substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully | |
yield | n: the total output of crops, profits, etc. that are produced; (verb) to produce or supply helpful something, such as a profit, an amount of food, or information | |
weatherproof | adj: designed or treated to be resistant to damage or deterioration caused by exposure to changing weather conditions, typically involving precipitation, extreme temperatures, or humidity | |
pest | n: a destructive insect or other animals that are harmful to crops, animals, or humans; someone or something that is annoying or troublesome | |
eliminate | v: to remove or get rid of someone or something | |
chemical | adj: relating to or connected with chemistry; | |
pesticide | n: a substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest | |
enormous | adj: extremely large or great | |
drawback | n: a disadvantage or inconvenience that makes something less attractive | |
incredibly | adv: in a way that is very difficult to believe; exceedingly or extremely | |
intensive | adj: involving a lot of work or activity in a short time | |
invest | v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result | |
laser | n: a device that emits powerful and narrow light that can be used as a tool to cut metal through a process of optical amplification | |
fiber | n: thread or filament used to make a vegetable tissue, mineral material, or textile | |
optic | adj: relating to vision or the eyes; relating to or involving light or optics | |
cable | n: a set of wires covered by plastic or rubber that carries electricity, phone signals, etc.; a solid thick rope made of twisted hemp or steel wire | |
labor | n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal | |
associate | v: to mentally connect someone or something with someone or something else | |
hire | v: to give somebody a job | |
extensive | adj: covering a large area; having a wide range | |
large-scale | adj: involving many people or things and involving a lot of change or activity | |
chain | n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle | |
nutritional | adj: of or relating to the substance required by the body to maintain health and growth | |
equitable | adj: fair and impartial; treating everyone fairly | |
underprivileged | adj: lacking resources, opportunities, or advantages that are necessary for success | |
communal | adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use | |
exciting | adj: causing a lot of interest or excitement | |
integrate | v: to combine one thing with another so that they form a whole or work together; to accept equal participation for members of all races and ethnic groups | |
seamless | adj: without spaces or breaks between one part and the next | |
repurpose | v: to use something again for a different purpose than it was originally intended | |
idle | adj: not working hard or not having a job; useless | |
underutilized | adj: not used as much as is possible or necessary | |
unused | adj: not being used, or never having been used | |
infrastructure | n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies | |
ride-sharing | n: an arrangement in which a passenger travels in a private car driven by its owner for free or for a fee, especially as arranged by using a website or app | |
underground | adj: under the surface of the ground; a secret group organized to achieve a specific purpose, such as overthrowing the government or occupying a force | |
structure | n: the way of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts, or a complex thing constructed of many parts | |
engineer | n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software | |
partition | n: a physical divider or barrier that divides a space or area into two or more separate parts; a separation or division of something into different parts or sections | |
herb | n: a small plant with aromatic or flavorful leaves used for seasoning or medicinal purposes | |
chef | n: a cook, especially the chief cook in a restaurant or hotel | |
employ | v: to give somebody a job and pay them for it; to make use of | |
improve | v: to make or become better | |
afford | v: to have enough money or time to be able to buy or do something | |
humble | adj: having or showing a modest or low estimate of one’s quality or importance | |
intellect | n: the ability to think logically and comprehend information, especially at an advanced level | |
convinced | adj: completely certain about something; having a strong belief or conviction in a particular religion | |
shock | n: a strong feeling or physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected event or experience, especially something unpleasant | |
articulate | v: to express oneself clearly and effectively in spoken or written language | |
plain | adj: without being decorated in any way; (Noun) a vast expanse of flat land with few trees | |
sight | n: the ability to see; anything that is seen | |
influence | n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself | |
translate | v: to convert or change words into another language |