Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (272 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (69 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
exotic	adj: originating from or characteristic of a foreign country or culture; strikingly unusual, uncommon, or intriguing
arctic	adj: of or relating to the region around the North Pole or the Arctic Ocean; very cold
desert	n: arid land with little or no vegetation often covered with sand or rocks
capture	v: to catch a person or an animal and confine them in an area which they cannot escape
cave	n: a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff, mountain, or under the ground
amazing	adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire
extreme	adj: very great in amount or degree
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
planet	n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star
nevertheless	adv: in spite of that; yet
absolutely	adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly
gripping	adj: engaging or compelling; capable of holding one’s attention or interest tightly; evocative of strong emotions or reactions
unbelievable	adj: beyond belief or understanding and extremely surprising
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
intrinsic	adj: belonging naturally; essential
mineralogy	n: the scientific study of minerals, naturally occurring inorganic substances with homogeneous chemical composition and ordered internal structure that focuses on the identification, characterization, and classification of minerals
microbiology	n: the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae, and their role in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and the environment
template	n: a pre-designed file or document used as a starting point for a particular application so that the format does not have to be created from scratch
mar	v: to damage or spoil the appearance or surface of something
icy	adj: covered with ice or frost; very cold; lacking warmth or friendliness
Jovian	adj: relating to Jupiter or its characteristics
solar	adj: of, from, or relating to the sun
passionate	adj: showing intense emotion or strong feeling; characterized by great enthusiasm or zeal; deeply committed to a cause or belief
transit	n: the act or process of passing through or across a place or state; transportation
civilization	n: a complex and highly organized society that has developed over time and has a dominant culture, including features such as language, religion, government, technology, and social customs
outgrowth	n: a thing that has grown or developed from something else, especially as a result of a particular process or set of circumstances
transport	n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on
notably	adv: particularly; especially; in a way that is worthy of attention
norm	n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard
sensible	adj: having good sense or judgment; reasonable; practical; marked by a perception of the importance or seriousness of something
blame	v: to think or say that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad
union	n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together
audacity	n: boldness or daring, especially when it is foolhardy or reckless
launch	v: to send or propel something into the air or space using a device such as a rocket, missile, or spacecraft; to make something available or on sale for the first time
primitive	adj: of or relating to an early stage of society with no industry or technological development; simple, naive, or old-fashioned in style
satellite	n: an electronic device that is sent up into space and moves around the Earth or another planet, used for gathering information or communicating by radio, television, etc.
hysterical	adj: marked by or in a state of excessive or uncontrollable emotion
tailspin	n: a state of confusion or panic, often associated with a sudden and rapid decline or loss of control; (of aviation) a sudden and rapid downward spiral of an aircraft, which is typically out of control
tremendous	adj: very great in degree or extent or amount or impact; extremely good
mathematics	n: the science dealing with the logic of quantities, shapes, spaces, and arrangement
generation	n: all the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively; the production of heat or electricity
peer	n: a person who has the same age, status, or ability
reproduce	v: to make a copy of something such as a picture, piece of text, music, etc.; to produce offspring through a sexual or asexual process
refuse	v: to show that one is not willing to do or accept something
impersonate	v: to pretend to be someone else, often with the intent to deceive or defraud; to imitate the mannerisms or speech of another person as a form of tribute or satire
fairly	adv: to a certain extent or degree; without favoring one party in an evenhanded manner
retain	v: to keep or continue to possess or maintain something
childlike	adj: resembling or characteristic of a child, particularly in being innocent, trusting, or naive
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
element	n: a fundamental or essential part of something
applied	adj: of or relating to a subject of study, especially a science, that is used in a practical way
judgment	n: the ability to form valuable opinions and make reasonable decisions
presence	n: the fact or state that someone or something exists, occurs, or is present
undergraduate	n: a student who is studying for their first degree at a university or other higher education institution
astronomical	adj: relating to astronomy or the study of celestial bodies and phenomena; very large or immense in scale or magnitude
dot	n: a very small circular mark, especially one that is printed
landscape	n: an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view; a large area of land, especially in the country and relating to its appearance
raster	n: a grid pattern of pixels used to represent an image or facilitate the display of graphics in computer systems
destination	n: the place to which someone or something is going or being sent; the ultimate purpose or goal of a journey or action
alter	v: to cause to change or make different
graduate	n: a person who has a first degree from university or college; (verb) to complete the first course of university or college and get a degree
colleague	n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business
mentor	n: a person who helps and advises a younger or less experienced person over time, usually at work or school
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
atmospheric	adj: about or located in the earth’s atmosphere
hypothesis	n: a proposed idea or explanation that is based on a few known facts but has not yet been proven to be true or accurate
entity	n: something that exists independently and has its own identity
meaningful	adj: having meaning, function, or purpose; serious, significant, or worthwhile
consequence	n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual
nuclear	adj: of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy
grim	adj: looking or sounding very serious or gloomy
external	adj: belonging to or situated outside of someone or something
steppe	n: a vast, wide, and usually treeless plain, typically found in semi-arid or arid regions, characterized by fertile soil and grassy vegetation, often used for grazing livestock; an expansive and open grassland ecosystem found in Eurasia and North America
perspective	n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something
salient	adj: most noticeable or important; striking
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
origin	n: the first existence or beginning of something
trivial	adj: of little value or importance
occupation	n: a person’s job or profession; the act of taking possession
chant	n: a simple melody or tune, typically one that is repeated or sung in a monotonous way; (verb) recite with musical intonation
universe	n: everything that exists, especially all physical matter, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy
complexity	n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand
bang	v: to hit or cause to hit something in a way that makes a loud noise
hydrogen	n: the chemical element that is the lightest gas is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and combines with oxygen to form water
helium	n: a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas, the first in the noble gas series in the periodic table
complicated	adj: involving a lot of different things or parts in a way that is difficult to understand or analyze
phenomenon	n: something that exists and can be perceptible, especially one that is not fully understood
numb	adj: unable to feel physical sensation and movement; not showing human feeling or sensitivity
confirm	v: to support or establish the truth or certainty of something previously believed or suspected to be the case
exciting	adj: causing a lot of interest or excitement
bold	adj: brave, daring, and confident; not frightened of danger or afraid to say what you feel or to take risks
prediction	n: the act of predicting the future by reasoning; a statement made about the future
probable	adj: likely to happen or likely to be true
outrageous	adj: highly unusual, unconventional, or shocking; going beyond the bounds of what is considered acceptable or proper
sneer	v: to show contempt or ridicule for someone or something through a facial expression or tone of voice; (noun) a contemptuous or scornful smile or remark
introduction	n: a preliminary explanation or remarks given before the start of a text, performance, or event; the act of bringing something new into existence or introducing something to a wider audience or new market
glory	n: great honor or success won by notable achievements
outlive	v: to live longer than another person
adversary	n: a person, group, or force that opposes or fights against another; an enemy or opponent
greatly	adv: to an extraordinary extent or degree; very much
pathfinder	n: a person or thing that leads the way or explores new territory; someone who finds or discovers a new route or method; a person or vehicle used to navigate or explore unfamiliar or dangerous areas
rover	n: a vehicle designed to travel over rough terrain, especially on the surface of a planet or moon
agency	n: an organization or business that is responsible for specific activities or services, especially when representing other organizations or businesses; the capacity or power to act or exert influence; the ability to make decisions and take action
sedimentary	adj: relating to or formed by the deposition and solidification of sediment, particularly as it pertains to rock formation; characterized by layers or strata
ancient	adj: relating to the long ago, particularly the historical period preceding the fall of the Western Roman Empire; very old
seabed	n: the bottom of a sea or ocean; the surface of the sea’s bed, which can be rocky, sandy, muddy, or covered with coral or other organisms
structure	n: the way of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts, or a complex thing constructed of many parts
rocky	adj: full of or abounding in rocks; of, relating to, or made of rock
concrete	adj: existing in a physical or material form rather than an abstract one; based on facts rather than ideas or guesses; made of or covered with cement
lab	n: a workplace for the conduct of scientific research; a laboratory
underground	adj: under the surface of the ground; a secret group organized to achieve a specific purpose, such as overthrowing the government or occupying a force
afoot	adj: in progress; happening or being planned; on foot
handle	v: to deal with a situation, problem, or strong emotion
extraterrestrial	adj: relating to or existing outside of the Earth’s atmosphere or planetary boundaries; pertaining to beings or phenomena that originate from beyond the Earth
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
cryptic	adj: having a hidden or obscure meaning or message; mysterious or puzzling in nature
contaminate	v: to make something impure, unclean, or poisonous by contact or mixture
microscopic	adj: tiny; exceedingly precise and detail-oriented; of or used in microscopy
depth	n: the distance between the top and bottom of something; between the top surface and a distance below it
sequester	v: to take temporary possession of someone’s property until a debt is paid.
consume	v: to spend something, especially fuel, energy, or time, in a large amount
predator	n: an animal whose natural behavior is to prey on others
prey	n: the object of a hunt; an animal hunted or trapped for eating
essentially	adv: relating to the essential features or concepts of anything
universal	adj: existing or affecting everywhere or everyone
fundamental	adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected
chemistry	n: the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions
virus	n: a tiny infectious organic material that causes disease in people, animals, and plants
bacteria	n: single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms that exist in large numbers in the air, water, and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease
organism	n: a tiny living thing
swab	n: a small piece of soft material used by a doctor, nurse, etc., for cleaning a cut or taking a sample from somebody’s body for testing; (verb) apply, usually a liquid, to a surface
petri	n: (petri dish) a small, clear, and round dish with a lid used in laboratories, especially for growing bacteria
whatsoever	adv: not at all; no matter what
intrinsically	adv: from the inherent nature or quality of something or arising from within
life-form	n: a living organism, especially one that has a distinct shape, structure, or behavior
cranium	n: the skull of a human or animal, which encloses and protects the brain
recognize	v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered
invaluable	adj: extremely useful, important, or valuable; describing something that cannot be measured in terms of monetary or material worth
horizon	n: the line at which the earth’s surface and the sky appear to meet; the range of interest or activity that can be anticipated
villa	n: a large, luxurious country house in ancient Rome or a modern version of such a house
saturated	adj: (of chemistry) describing a compound or substance that contains the maximum amount of a particular atom or group of atoms and has no further capacity to bond; (of nutrition) describing a food that is high in saturated fats, which are linked to an increased risk of heart disease
sulfur	n: (also sulphur) a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16, found in many minerals and sulfur compounds, often used in the production of fertilizers, rubber, paper, and other industrial applications
acid	n: sour; water-soluble chemicals with a sour flavor; any of a variety of generally liquid compounds capable of reacting with and occasionally dissolving other materials
volcanic	adj: relating to or produced by or consisting of volcano
breakdown	n: a failure or collapse of a system or organization
evaporite	n: a sedimentary rock or mineral formed by the precipitation and crystallization of dissolved minerals from evaporating water, typically found in arid climates or in association with saline lakes
mineral	n: a solid inorganic substance occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition
carbonate	n: a carbonic acid salt or ester that contains the anion CO3
hostile	adj: unfriendly or aggressively opposed
protective	adj: serving to protect or shield from harm or danger; designed to prevent damage or injury
suit	n: a set of clothes that are made from the same material; a claim or complaint that a person or organization can file in court against another party; (verb) to be fit or acceptable for
gear	n: a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion; a set of tools, equipment, or other items for a particular purpose
regularly	adv: at regular intervals or times
hazardous	adj: involving risk or danger; unsafe or unhealthy
chemical	adj: relating to or connected with chemistry;
parameter	n: a numerical or other measurable factors that characterize a system or set of data
contrary	n: acting in opposition to what is expected or desired
devoid	adj: completely lacking or free from something
represent	v: to speak, act, or be present on behalf of another person or group; to form or constitute
stretch	v: to make or be capable of making anything longer or broader without hurting or breaking
imaginary	adj: existing only in someone’s mind
scratch	v: to cut or damage the surface of something or the skin with a sharp or pointed object
ph	n: a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, on a scale of 0 to 14, with seven being neutral, lower values indicating greater acidity, and higher values indicating greater alkalinity
battery	n: a device that is placed inside a car, gadget, equipment, etc. and that provides electrical power to them
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
harvest	n: yields of plants in a single growing season; the period of the year when gathering occurs on a farm
celebrate	v: to acknowledge a memorable or good day or event with a social gathering or enjoyable activity
holy	adj: of or related to a god, divine power, or a particular religion
pristine	adj: new and completely free from dirt or contamination
gigantic	adj: extremely large
laboratory	n: a workplace for doing scientific research or teaching science; a lab
enormous	adj: extremely large or great
crystal	n: a solid material with many even sides that is formed naturally when the substance becomes solid and has a highly regular atomic structure; clear and colorless glass made of almost pure silica
selenite	n: a transparent or translucent variety of gypsum mineral, typically colorless or white, often crystallized in the form of long blades or needles
dangle	v: to hang or swing loosely, especially in a way that suggests instability or lack of support; to tempt or tantalize by holding out the prospect of something desirable but uncertain
bedrock	n: the solid rock underlying soil or alluvium
munch	v: to chew or eat something noisily, often with the sound of crunching or crunching
manganese	n: a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25, commonly used in steel production and other alloys
oxidant	n: a substance that causes oxidation, or the loss of electrons, in another substance; a reactive molecule or compound that can damage cells and tissues by causing oxidative stress
packet	n: a small container or envelope that holds one or more items typically used for storing or transporting items like food, medicine, or marketing materials
uranium	n: a chemical element with the symbol U, atomic number 92, that is a dense, silvery-white metal that is radioactive and is used as a fuel for nuclear power plants
chromium	n: a metallic element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24, commonly used in the production of alloys, electroplating, and stainless steel
toxic	adj: of or relating to or caused by a poison; poisonous
metal	n: a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity, and often used as a structural material, a conductor of heat or electricity, or for decorative purposes
avenue	n: a wide road in a town or city, especially with trees or tall buildings on both sides; a line of approach
remediate	v: to correct, repair, or improve a problem or pitfall, often in a technological, environmental, or medical context
plat	n: a map or a plan that shows the division and layout of land into lots or parcels; a piece of land typically used for building or agricultural purposes
precise	adj: sharply exact or accurate or delimited
basalt	n: a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock that forms from the solidification of lava
lava	n: molten rock that has been extruded from a volcano and solidified; a highly fluid, highly heated substance or material
tube	n: a cylindrical container of metal, plastic, glass, etc., usually sealed and used as a means of preserving food or chemicals; a hollow cylindrical shape
by-product	n: a secondary product produced during the manufacturing or processing of another product, often not the intended product but still useful or valuable in some way
glisten	v: to shine or sparkle with reflected light; to appear bright and shiny
shiny	adj: reflecting light and having a bright and smooth surface
deposit	n: a sum of money or materials placed or kept in a bank, safety deposit box, or other secure places for safekeeping; a layer of rock, sand, or other material left behind by a flowing liquid or eroding force
scan	v: to examine something hastily, with the eyes or with a machine, to get information
electron	n: a tiny particle with the negative electrical charge
micrograph	n: a photograph or image that has been taken through a microscope or magnifying lens, typically used for scientific or medical purposes
actinomycete	n: any of a group of filamentous bacteria that form branching chains and are found primarily in soil, producing antibiotics and enzymes that have important medicinal and industrial applications
streptococcus	n: a genus of bacteria that includes many species, some of which can cause a wide range of infections in humans and animals, including strep throat, pneumonia, and skin infections
antibiotic	n: a substance or drug that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria
vast	adj: enormous in size, number, amount, or quantity
biodiversity	n: the number and variety of plants and animals that exist in a particular area or the world and make a balanced environment
separate	v: to force, take, or pull apart; mark as different
array	n: a large group or collection of things or people, especially one that is impressive or attractive
novel	n: an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story; (adjective) original and of a kind not seen before
compound	n: an item composed of two or more distinct elements combined; a chemical formed by the combination of two or more elements
exploit	v: to make full use of and gain an advantage from resources, opportunities, etc.
pharmaceutical	adj: relating to the production and selling of the medical drugs
industrial	adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry
untapped	adj: not yet used or exploited
excess	n: an amount or quantity beyond what is acceptable, expected, or reasonable
eruption	n: an instance of a sudden and violent release of lava, gas, or ash from a volcano; a sudden outburst or explosion of something
mount	v: to increase, go up, or advance gradually or continuously; to prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance; to ride on something or someone
hollow	adj: having a hole, empty space inside, or indentation on the surface
habitat	n: the type of natural environment in which an organism or group usually lives or occurs
catalog	n: a complete list of items, often including technical details and prices
estate	n: a large piece of land with an impressive house on it, often owned by a wealthy family; all of a person’s possessions and assets at the time of their death; an area of land considered as a unit in terms of ownership, use or taxation
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
crawl	v: to move forward slowly, as people or animals with their bodies near the ground
motto	n: a phrase or slogan that expresses a guiding principle or goal
robotic	adj: of or relating to mechanical robots; (robotics) the interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering with the practical use of robots
advance	v: to go or move forward; to develop in a positive way
secondly	adv: used to introduce the second point or item in a list or series of statements, considerations, etc.
precious	adj: uncommon and extremely valuable
intermediary	n: a person or organization that acts as a go-between or mediator in negotiations or transactions between two or more parties; a middleman, a broker, or an agent who facilitates communication, trade, or dealings
device	n: a piece of equipment, tool, or technology that serves a particular purpose or function, often mechanical or electronic
front-end	n: the user interface or part of a software system that interacts directly with the user, typically through a graphical user interface (GUI); the hardware or physical components that are positioned at the front or outer layer of a system, device, or machine; (of finance) initial or upfront costs or fees
involve	v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else
collaboration	n: the act or situation of working together to create or produce something
specifically	adv: only associated with or meant for one thing
hop	v: to jump lightly and quickly on one foot or both feet; to move rapidly from one place to another; to travel using an aircraft, bus, etc.
bot	n: a computer program or software application that is capable of performing automated tasks, often on the internet; a type of electronic device that provides autonomous service or assistance to users
swarm	n: a group of many things, such as insects, fishes, etc., in the air or water or on the ground
propel	v: to move, drive or push something forward or in a particular direction, often with a lot of force
artificial	adj: not natural and made by human beings; not real but produced to resemble something
specialty	n: an area or field in which a person or thing excels or specializes; a particular branch of study, occupation, or expertise; a special or unique skill or talent
relate	v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something
insect	n: any small creature that has six legs and a body divided into three sections
numerous	adj: amounting to a large indefinite number
payload	n: the amount of cargo or goods that a vehicle or equipment is designed to carry or transport; in computing, the amount of data that can be transmitted over a communication system
bay	n: a part of the coast that is partially enclosed by land; a compartment or section of a ship or building
rid	v: to make someone or something free of unwanted or unpleasant tasks, objects, or person
flexibility	n: the quality of changing or being changed easily according to new conditions or situations
challenging	adj: difficult, demanding, or requiring a high degree of skill or effort; presenting a difficult problem or obstacle
terrain	n: the physical features of a piece of land, including hills, valleys, rivers, and forests
wrap	v: to cover or enclose something entirely with paper, cloth, or other material
expansion	n: the process of becoming larger or more extensive, or the result of this process
explore	v: to travel to or penetrate an area or a country to learn about it; to thoroughly examine a subject or a possibility to learn more about it
context	n: the circumstances, facts, or conditions that surround a particular event, situation, or statement and that give it meaning
exploration	n: the activity of searching and finding out about something through a place
fin	n: a thin flat part on the body of a fish or other aquatic animal used for propulsion or balance
institute	n: an organization that has a specific purpose, particularly one dealing with science, education, or a particular profession; (verb) to initiate, introduce, or establish something
phase	n: any stage in a series of events, change, or development
irreducible	adj: impossible to reduce or simplify to a simpler form or substance; essential or fundamental to the nature of something
inhabit	v: to live in a specific location; to reside
relative	adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else
inflate	v: to fill something with air or gas so that it becomes bigger and rounder
liner	n: a coating or covering, especially one used to protect a surface; a large commercial ship, especially one that carries passengers on a regular schedule
conform	v: to act in accordance with a set of rules, standards, or expectations; to comply with the norms or customs of a particular group
topology	n: a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous transformations, such as stretching, bending, and twisting, without tearing or gluing
foam	n: a mass of small air bubbles formed on the surface of a liquid; a substance that forms a lather when mixed with water
airlock	n: a chamber between two areas that can be sealed against pressure, allowing the passage of people and objects to go from one area to the other
recreation	n: the activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation; the act or process of making something that existed in the past exists or seems to exist again in a different time or place
mud	n: a soft, wet, sticky earth or clay
meteorite	n: a solid object originating in outer space that reaches the Earth’s surface without completely vaporizing in the atmosphere; a rock that has fallen from space
exchange	v: to give something and receive something else in return, often with the implication that the items being traded are of equal or comparable value; (noun) the act of giving or taking something in return for something else; a place or system where goods or services can be bought, sold, or traded
burning	adj: intense or scorching heat
quest	n: a long or challenging search for something
genesis	n: the origin or beginning of something; the first book of the biblical scriptures of both Judaism and Christianity, describing the creation of the Earth and humankind
fascinating	adj: extremely interesting
puzzle	n: a situation that is difficult to follow or solve; a game, problem, or toy that tests a person’s ingenuity or knowledge; (verb) to cause someone to feel confused because of something difficult to understand