Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (181 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (40 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
demonstration	n: a display or show, often of a particular skill or product, intended to convince or persuade others
fundamental	adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected
staple	adj: essential, crucial, or regularly used
carbohydrate	n: (also carb) any of a class of organic compounds that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose and are a principal source of energy in the diet of animals
diet	n: the food and drink that a person, animal, or community eats and drinks regularly; a legislative assembly in certain countries, for example, Japan
mainstay	n: a thing that is relied upon to support or uphold something else
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
meantime	n: the interval or period of time between two events; the interim or temporary time period between two actions or stages of something else
complicated	adj: involving a lot of different things or parts in a way that is difficult to understand or analyze
participate	v: to take part in something
loaf	n: a quantity of bread that is shaped and baked in one piece and usually sliced for serving; (verb) to be lazy or idle
packaging	n: the process, materials, or container used to wrap or contain a product for distribution, storage, or sale; the design or appearance of a product’s packaging
handmade	adj: made by hand rather than by machine or mass production methods; crafted manually or using traditional methods
bakery	n: a place where bread and other baked goods are made and sold
prefer	v: to like, choose, or want one thing or person better than another
tentative	adj: done or said with hesitation or uncertainty; not certain or agreed; not definite or fixed; experimental or cautious in nature
authenticity	n: the quality of being real or genuine
tradition	n: a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has been passed down from generation to generation within a group or society
agriculture	n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock
evolve	v: to develop gradually, or to cause the development of something or someone gradually
ancestor	n: a person from whom one is descended; a forefather
relate	v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something
mythical	adj: based on or related to myths, legends, or folklore; existing only in tales or in the imagination
rural	adj: of or relating to the countryside
maintain	v: to continue to uphold or sustain; to keep in a particular state or condition; to assert or declare something to be true
yield	n: the total output of crops, profits, etc. that are produced; (verb) to produce or supply helpful something, such as a profit, an amount of food, or information
comparable	adj: able to link the similarities or differences with others; similar or equivalent to someone or something
poorest	adj: having the least wealth or resources
cultivate	v: to prepare and foster land for growing crops or plants
advent	n: the arrival or beginning of something; the coming of Jesus Christ at his birth
industrial	adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry
revolution	n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war;
mechanize	v: to equip with machinery or automatic equipment; to replace human labor with machines or automation in industry or other processes; to make a job or a procedure more systematic or efficient by the use of tools or technology
fertilizer	n: a natural or chemical substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully
horrible	adj: extremely unpleasant or bad; causing fear or disgust
automatically	adv: without needing a direct human control
improve	v: to make or become better
envelop	v: to surround and cover completely; to encase
dense	adj: containing a large number of people or something with little space between them
chain	n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle
excuse	n: a reason or explanation, either true or invented, given to justify a fault or defend your behavior; (verb) to make someone free from blame or clear from guilt
relevance	n: the state or degree of being closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
despise	v: to feel strong dislike or contempt for someone or something, often because of a perceived fault or failing; to have a low or unfavorable opinion of something
symbol	n: something visible that is used to represent something else
plentiful	adj: existing or available in a large quantity or abundance; ample or abundant in supply or availability
affordable	adj: not expensive and able to pay
feat	n: a notable or impressive achievement, especially one that requires great skill or bravery
conscious	adj: being aware of and able to respond to what is happening around you
tasteless	adj: lacking flavor, bland, or insipid; lacking in aesthetic or artistic merit; lacking sensitivity or propriety
simplistic	adj: oversimplified or lacking in complexity or depth; characterized by an attempt to explain something complex or multifaceted with overly vague or simple terms
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
modernize	v: to bring up to date or make contemporary in style or function; to bring modern methods or resources into an existing organization or system
avail	v: to help or benefit; to use or take advantage of
population	n: the total number of people in a country, region, or location
volume	n: the amount of space occupied by an object or substance; the magnitude of sound
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
unique	adj: being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else
responsible	adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management
oblivious	adj: not aware of something, especially what is happening around you; forgetful
manufacture	v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines
decide	v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options
raisin	n: a dried grape, typically made from certain varieties of grapes that are specifically grown for this purpose; a popular snack food or baking ingredient
calorie	n: unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius at atmospheric pressure, used by nutritionists to measure how much energy food will produce
associate	v: to mentally connect someone or something with someone or something else
obesity	n: the condition of being significantly overweight, typically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.
wheat	n: a cereal plant that is the most important kind grown in temperate countries, the grain of which is ground to make flour for bread, pasta, pastry, etc
crop	n: a plant that is cultivated in large amounts, particularly for food
domesticate	v: to take control of animals or plants to provide food, power, or company
concoction	n: the mixture, often a complicated one; a preparation made by combining various ingredients
migrate	v: to move from one country or region to another and settle there; to move from one place to another periodically or seasonally
tropical	adj: originating in, located in, or characteristic of the tropics
roll	v: to move in a particular direction by turning over and over or from side to side
commuter	n: a person who regularly travels long distances between their home and place of work, typically by public transportation or car
handy	adj: valuable and convenient; easy or ready to reach or use
cassava	n: a starchy, tuberous root plant that is native to South America and is grown in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world
modernity	n: the quality or condition of being modern; the state or era of being up-to-date in technology, science, and culture
mass	n: a large amount of a substance with no definite shape or form; a large number of people or things grouped or crowded together
large-scale	adj: involving many people or things and involving a lot of change or activity
destruction	n: the act of causing so much damage to something
landscape	n: an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view; a large area of land, especially in the country and relating to its appearance
biodiversity	n: the number and variety of plants and animals that exist in a particular area or the world and make a balanced environment
lone	adj: solitary or single
emu	n: a large flightless bird native to Australia, similar in appearance to the ostrich but smaller and with softer feathers
campo	n: (also “cerrado”) a rural or agricultural area, typically in Latin American countries; an open field or countryside
soybean	n: a legume crop widely cultivated for its nutritious seeds, often ground into meal or pressed into oil for food products, with other uses including animal feed, fuel, and industrial applications
tremendous	adj: very great in degree or extent or amount or impact; extremely good
pollution	n: the introduction of harmful substances or waste into the natural environment that causes adverse change
habitat	n: the type of natural environment in which an organism or group usually lives or occurs
query	n: a question or inquiry, often used in the context of research, information-gathering, or data analysis; a request for information
cereal	n: a type of grain used for food, such as wheat, oats, or corn that is typically ground into flour, cooked into porridge, or used to make breakfast cereals
flavor	n: the taste sensation produced by a substance in the mouth
evolutionary	adj: relating to or denoting how living things develop or change from earlier forms
invention	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation; the act of inventing
spike	n: a narrow, thin, pointed piece of metal, wood, etc.; a sudden large increase in the magnitude or concentration of something
forebear	n: an ancestor or a precursor
countermovement	n: a move or action taken in opposition to a preceding or expected movement; a reaction or rebuttal
emerge	v: to move out of or away from something and become visible
gastronomy	n: the art or science of preparing and serving good food; the study of food and its relationship to culture and society
fallacy	n: a mistaken belief, idea, or argument that is not supported by facts or evidence; a deceptive or misleading statement or belief
id	n: a part of the psyche that represents the unconscious desires and instincts of an individual; in psychoanalytic theory, it is believed to be the most basic and primal part of the human psyche; (also ID, short for identification) a document or card that proves a person’s identity, such as a driver’s license, passport, or national ID card
relegate	v: to assign or dismiss to a lower or less important status or place; to demote
electrify	v: to make a machine or system work by using electricity; to make someone extremely enthusiastic about or interested in something
poverty	n: the condition of being extremely poor
implement	v: to put a decision, plan, or system into effect
fertilize	v: to cause an egg, female animal, or plant to develop by joining sperm from the male with them; to add a natural or chemical substance to land to make plants grow well
soil	n: the top layer of Earth in which plants grow
luxury	n: a state of great comfort or sophistication, mainly provided by expensive and beautiful things
afford	v: to have enough money or time to be able to buy or do something
tendency	n: an inclination or predisposition towards a particular behavior, attitude, or course of action; a natural or prevailing tendency or characteristic
orangutan	n: a large long-armed ape with red-brown hair that lives in Borneo and Sumatra and has arboreal habits
urban	adj: relating to or located in a town or city
starvation	n: a severe lack of food that leads to malnutrition and, ultimately, death
consumption	n: the amount used or eaten; the act of using up a resource such as energy, food, or materials
protein	n: a molecule made up of a long chain of amino acids, which is essential for the structure and function of the body’s tissues
discuss	v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic
alternative	n: one of two or more available possibilities or choice
plea	n: an appeal or request, especially for help or understanding; a legal excuse or defense; an earnest entreaty or supplication
hectare	n: a unit of area equal to 10,000 square meters
weed	n: a wild plant growing where it is not wanted and in competition with cultivated plants
dispose	v: to put things or people in a particular manner or position; to incline someone towards a specific activity or mood; throw or cast away
diverse	adj: including numerous categories of individuals or entities; various
aim	v: to try or plan to get or achieve something
conceptual	adj: related to or founded on ideas, principles
plot	n: a secret plan or scheme to achieve a specific goal; the plan or main story of a literary work; (verb) to plan secretly, usually something illegal
proxy	n: a person or entity that is authorized to act on behalf of another person or entity
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
ultimate	adj: furthest or highest in degree or order
entirely	adv: completely
ecosystem	n: all the plants and living creatures in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment
horticultural	adj: relating to the cultivation or study of plants, especially garden plants
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
biotechnology	n: the application of technological processes and methods to biological systems to develop new products or techniques, such as genetically modified organisms or biopharmaceuticals
pest	n: a destructive insect or other animals that are harmful to crops, animals, or humans; someone or something that is annoying or troublesome
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
resistance	n: the act of defending oneself from an aggressor or refusing to accept something
recognize	v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered
resolution	n: a firm decision or determination to do or not do something; the action of solving a problem, dispute, or conflict; the quality of being resolved or determined; the clarity and sharpness of an image or display
irrigation	n: the agricultural practice of supplying land with water through pipes or channels so that crops grow well
spill	v: to cause or allow liquid to run or flow over the edge of its container by accident
dispassionate	adj: not influenced by strong emotions or personal feelings; objective and impartial; characterized by rationality and objectivity rather than being driven by subjective biases or emotions
comparative	adj: relating to the comparison of different things or groups; denoting a degree of difference or comparison between two or more things; characterized by comparison or contrast
advantage	n: a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position; a beneficial feature or asset that someone or something has
functional	adj: designed for or capable of a particular activity, purpose, or task; practical or ready for use or service
function	n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose
residential	adj: relating to, suitable for, or used for living in
examine	v: to study or consider a person or object attentively and thoroughly to learn something about them
livestock	n: farm animals and birds such as cows, sheep, and chickens
pond	n: a small, shallow lake
basement	n: a room or a part of a building that is partly or entirely below ground level
horticulture	n: the art or practice of cultivating and growing ornamental plants, fruits, vegetables, or flowers; the science and study of plant cultivation
greenhouse	n: a building with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, for growing plants in
fermentation	n: the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of the heat
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
integrate	v: to combine one thing with another so that they form a whole or work together; to accept equal participation for members of all races and ethnic groups
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
security	n: the state of being free from danger, risk, or harm; measures taken to protect against threats or attacks; a financial asset, such as a stock or bond that derives value exclusively from the ownership interest or claim to a particular underlying asset or obligation
populate	v: to inhabit or occupy a particular area, region, or environment with a certain number or type of people, animals, or plants; to fill out or complete a form, document, or database with relevant information
delta	n: a triangular area of low and flat land that is formed when a river flows into a larger body of water and deposits sediment; an object shaped like an equilateral triangle
combine	v: to join or merge to form a single thing or group
fiction	n: the type of book or story, especially novels, that describes imaginary events and people; anything made up or imagined that is not true
accessible	adj: capable of being reached, easily got, or seen
chronic	adj: being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering; habitual
bold	adj: brave, daring, and confident; not frightened of danger or afraid to say what you feel or to take risks
enormous	adj: extremely large or great
struggle	v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction
moral	adj: concerned with the principles of what is right and wrong, fairness, honesty, etc.
lift	v: to raise something to a higher position or level; to pick up something or somebody and move them to a different position
survive	v: to live or exist despite a dangerous event or period
grant	v: to agree to give or allow somebody
holy	adj: of or related to a god, divine power, or a particular religion
nutrient	n: any substance that is essential for the maintenance and growth of living things
honesty	n: the quality of being truthful, sincere, and morally upright; adherence to moral and ethical principles
identity	n: the fact of being who or what somebody or something is; the features, emotions, or ideas that distinguish persons from one another
fin	n: a thin flat part on the body of a fish or other aquatic animal used for propulsion or balance
row	n: an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line; (verb) to propel a boat through the water using oars
anonymous	adj: having no known name, identity, or known source
breed	v: to keep animals for producing offspring in a regulated manner
ingredient	n: one of the things used to make something, especially one of the foods used to make a particular dish
privilege	n: a special right or advantage that only one person or group of people has, usually because they are rich and powerful in a society