Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (238 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (72 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
pregnant | adj: having a baby or young animal developing in the uterus | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
preservative | adj: used to preserve or protect something, especially food or other perishable items, from decay or spoilage; tending to prevent or delay change or deterioration | |
mimic | v: to imitate someone’s speech, movement, or behavior, especially to make others laugh | |
estrogen | n: a category of female steroid sex hormone responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics | |
chemical | adj: relating to or connected with chemistry; | |
compound | n: an item composed of two or more distinct elements combined; a chemical formed by the combination of two or more elements | |
breast | n: either of the two round soft parts of a woman’s chest which secrete milk after childbirth | |
cancer | n: abnormal growth of cells that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs; a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells | |
tumor | n: a mass of diseased tissue that forms when cells in the body divide and grow in an uncontrolled way | |
toxic | adj: of or relating to or caused by a poison; poisonous | |
astonishing | adj: surprising or shocking; difficult to believe | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
grandparent | n: a parent of one’s father or mother | |
skyrocket | v: to rapidly ascend to a very high level; increase rapidly; | |
incident | n: an event or occurrence, often unexpected or unplanned; something that happens | |
chronic | adj: being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering; habitual | |
childhood | n: the state or time of being a child | |
disease | n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems | |
industrialize | v: to organize the production of something into an industry | |
nation | n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture | |
kingdom | n: the country ruled by a king or queen | |
incidence | n: the frequency or rate at which a particular event or condition occurs within a specific population, group, or area; the occurrence or manifestation of something, especially something harmful or unpleasant | |
leukemia | n: a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, in which abnormal white blood cells are produced and grow uncontrollably | |
generation | n: all the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively; the production of heat or electricity | |
asthma | n: a chronic respiratory disease characterized by wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing | |
threefold | adj: three times as great or as many | |
probable | adj: likely to happen or likely to be true | |
autism | n: a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication | |
spectrum | n: an ordered array of colors into which a light beam can be split | |
disorder | n: an untidy state or a lack of organization; a physical condition or illness that causes problems with how a section of the body or brain functions | |
disability | n: a physical or mental condition that makes it difficult for someone to do some things that other people do | |
trend | n: a general direction in which something is changing or developing | |
genital | adj: of or relating to the external and internal reproductive organs | |
defect | n: an imperfection, shortcoming, or lack of something or someone | |
obesity | n: the condition of being significantly overweight, typically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater. | |
juvenile | adj: relating to or characteristic of youth or young people; immature | |
diabetes | n: a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control the glucose levels in the blood | |
premature | adj: occurring or done too early; happening before the appropriate time; born before the end of a full-term pregnancy | |
puberty | n: the process of a person’s physical changes through which their sexual organs develop and become capable of reproduction | |
discuss | v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic | |
hay | n: grass that has been cut and dried for use as animal feed or bedding; a stack or bale of this dried grass | |
pesticide | n: a substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest | |
involvement | n: the fact or condition of taking part in something, or the degree to which someone takes part in something | |
evaluate | v: to assess or estimate the quality, significance, quantity, or value of something | |
atrazine | n: a herbicide primarily used in agriculture to control weeds, especially on crops such as corn and sugarcane, whose use has been a subject of concern due to potential environmental and health risks | |
affected | adj: influenced; feeling or showing emotion, especially exaggerated emotion; not natural or sincere | |
amphibian | n: a cold-blooded animal that can live both on land and in water | |
contaminate | v: to make something impure, unclean, or poisonous by contact or mixture | |
groundwater | n: water that is present beneath the surface of the ground, especially in soil or in pores and crevices in rock | |
ban | v: to officially or legally forbid or refuse to allow something | |
union | n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together | |
registry | n: an official list or record that contains details of people, objects, or events; a computer system that stores and manages data about something; the act or process of registering something, such as an event, a person, or an object | |
exposed | adj: having no protection or shield from something, such as bad weather, attack, or criticism | |
dissect | v: to cut into pieces to study the structure of something in detail | |
gonad | n: a reproductive organ that produces gametes, such as testes in males or ovaries in females | |
testicle | n: one of the two oval-shaped organs in men that produce sperm and testosterone; in animals, the equivalent organ responsible for producing sperm and often also regulating testosterone levels | |
ovary | n: either of the pair of organs in the female reproductive system that produces eggs; (of a plant) the organ that bears the ovules of a flower | |
norm | n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard | |
leopard | n: a large wild cat that has yellow-brown fur with black spots and lives in Africa and southern Asia | |
yolk | n: the yellow central part of an egg, surrounded by the egg white, which provides nutrients for an embryo during its development | |
childbirth | n: the act or process of giving birth to a baby | |
argue | v: to express differing opinions or points of view, often in a heated or contentious manner; to present a case or reasoning to persuade or convince others | |
broth | n: a liquid in which meat, fish, or vegetables have been cooked, used as a base for soups and stews | |
consummate | adj: complete or perfect in every aspect; supremely skilled or accomplished; (verb) to bring to a state of perfection or completion | |
relation | n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another | |
genetic | adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes | |
mate | n: a person’s partner in marriage or romantic relationship; an animal’s sexual partner; a peer or friend; (of the game of chess) checkmate, which is the winning condition of the game | |
propose | v: to make a proposal, declare a plan for something | |
generate | v: to produce or create something; to make offspring by reproduction | |
wreak | v: to cause or bring about something, often as a result of harmful or destructive actions or events | |
havoc | n: widespread destruction or devastation, often caused by natural disasters, war, or other violent events | |
hormone | n: a chemical substance made by organs that encourages or influences the development, growth, sex, etc., of an animal and is carried around the body in the blood | |
imbalance | n: a situation in which two or more things are not equal or equally treated | |
normally | adv: usually; under normal conditions | |
testosterone | n: a male hormone that is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics | |
enzyme | n: a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction | |
machinery | n: a group of large machines or the components of a machine that make it work; social institution functions or structure for doing something | |
aromatase | n: an enzyme responsible for the conversion of androgens (male hormones) into estrogens (female hormones), found primarily in the ovaries, placenta, testicles, and fat tissue, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of hormone levels and development | |
convert | v: to have a talk with someone; (adjective) reversed in order, relation, or action | |
cast | v: to cause light or shadow to appear on a surface; to assing or choose someone such as an actor or representative, especially by selection process | |
subsequent | adj: happening or occurring later or after something else | |
feminine | adj: relating to women; having the features or appearance often associated with women | |
relate | v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something | |
regulate | v: to control something, especially by means of rules or laws | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
androgen | n: a type of hormone that stimulates the development of male sexual characteristics, including body hair growth, muscle tissue growth, and deepening of the voice; naturally occurring androgens include testosterone | |
promote | v: to encourage or persuade people to like, buy, use, do, or support something; to raise someone to a higher position or rank | |
treatment | n: the way in which someone deals with or behaves towards someone or something; medical care provided to a patient for an injury or illness. | |
letrozole | n: a medication used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women classified as an aromatase inhibitor, which works by reducing the production of estrogen in the body | |
mutation | n: the way in which genes of a person, plant, animal, or other organism change and produce permanent differences | |
pound | n: the standard unit of money in the UK; the standard unit of weight equal to 16 ounces | |
opposition | n: the act of disagreeing or resisting; the state of strong disagreement | |
associate | v: to mentally connect someone or something with someone or something else | |
humming | adj: producing a continuous, low, vibrating sound like that of the bee | |
promoter | n: a person or organization that helps to promote or publicize something, such as an event, product, or idea | |
exposure | n: the state of being in a particular situation or place where there is no protection from or guarantee to something harmful; the disclosure of something secret | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
bisphenol | n: a chemical compound commonly used in the production of plastics, particularly polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, often found in food and beverage containers, and has been the subject of health concerns due to its potential endocrine-disrupting properties | |
carbonate | n: a carbonic acid salt or ester that contains the anion CO3 | |
potent | adj: having great power, influence, or effect; highly effective or influential; having the ability to cause change or produce a particular result | |
synthetic | adj: made by combining chemical substances as opposed to being naturally occurring | |
placement | n: the act or process of putting something in a particular position or location; a temporary position or job in an organization | |
therapy | n: the act of caring for someone through medication, remedial training, etc. | |
leach | v: to remove or drain away something from a material, usually by seeping or filtering, such as chemicals from soil or minerals from rock | |
formula | n: a group of symbols, letters, or numbers that represent a rule, law, or mathematical statement | |
dose | n: a quantity or amount of medicine or a drug that is taken or administered at one time, typically measured out in specific units; a similar measure of exposure to a harmful substance or radiation | |
infant | n: a baby or very young child | |
passe | adj: no longer fashionable or current; outdated; considered to be old-fashioned or out of date | |
sip | v: to drink a liquid by taking small mouthfuls; (noun) a small drink | |
par | n: a state of being equal to someone or something | |
graduate | n: a person who has a first degree from university or college; (verb) to complete the first course of university or college and get a degree | |
Senate | n: a legislative body, especially the upper house of a parliament | |
refuse | v: to show that one is not willing to do or accept something | |
debate | n: a formal discussion or argument of opposing viewpoints, often to persuade others to adopt a specific position; a public discussion, often on an issue of current interest, in which participants offer opinions and differing perspectives | |
onus | n: a burden, responsibility, or obligation; something that is required to be done or achieved | |
leak | v: to allow liquid or gas to get in or out from a hole or crack in a pipe or container | |
awareness | n: the fact or state of knowing something exists and is important | |
scenario | n: a description of possible actions or events in the future; a written outline of a play, film, or literary work | |
unnecessary | adj: not needed or required; not essential or important | |
unaware | adj: not understanding something or having knowledge or idea of something | |
fender | n: a barrier that surrounds the wheels of a vehicle to block splashing water or mud; a cushion-like device that reduces shock due to an impact | |
mass | n: a large amount of a substance with no definite shape or form; a large number of people or things grouped or crowded together | |
extinction | n: the complete disappearance of a species from the earth | |
dinosaur | n: a large extinct reptile, often with an armored back, long neck, tail, and bony plates on the skin | |
disappear | v: to cease to exist or be visible | |
threaten | v: to utter intentions of injury or punishment against someone | |
decline | v: to become gradually smaller, fewer, worse, etc.; to refuse to accept | |
indicator | n: something that shows or points out what a situation is like or how a situation is changing | |
sensitive | adj: able to notice slight changes, signals, or influences; able to feel or perceive other’s feelings; susceptible to the things people say or do | |
eggshell | n: the hard, outer layer of an egg, typically thin and fragile, and has a slightly rough texture | |
membrane | n: a soft, thin layer that forms animal or vegetable tissue | |
placenta | n: a temporary organ that feeds a fetus (= unborn and developing baby) inside its mother’s womb | |
invention | n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation; the act of inventing | |
mammal | n: any animal of which the female gives birth to live young, not eggs, and feeds her young on milk from her own body | |
aquatic | adj: growing or living in, on or near, or connected with water | |
organism | n: a tiny living thing | |
ancient | adj: relating to the long ago, particularly the historical period preceding the fall of the Western Roman Empire; very old | |
structure | n: the way of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts, or a complex thing constructed of many parts | |
separate | v: to force, take, or pull apart; mark as different | |
evolve | v: to develop gradually, or to cause the development of something or someone gradually | |
adapt | v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment | |
abortion | n: the intentional termination of a pregnancy at an early stage | |
maintain | v: to continue to uphold or sustain; to keep in a particular state or condition; to assert or declare something to be true | |
dependent | adj: relying on someone or something else for support or aid | |
abort | v: to terminate or cancel something before it is complete or fully developed; to cause the end of a pregnancy before the fetus is viable or can survive outside the womb | |
prostate | n: a small gland located near the bladder (= an organ located in the lower abdomen) in males that produces fluid that becomes part of semen | |
pup | n: a young dog, seal, or other animals | |
impair | v: to damage something or make it weaker or worse | |
mammary | adj: of or relating to the breasts or milk-secreting organs | |
uterus | n: a hollow muscular organ in the body of a woman or other female mammal in which a baby or young animal develops before birth | |
prop | n: a piece of wood, metal, etc., placed beneath or against something to support it or keep it in position; a system, institution, or person that gives help or support to someone or something | |
retarded | adj: (considered derogatory) delayed or impeded in intellectual or emotional development; slow to learn | |
nourish | v: to provide a person, an animal, or plant with food to make them grow and stay healthy | |
grandchild | n: a child of someone’s son or daughter | |
philosophy | n: the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind | |
stilbestrol | n: a synthetic estrogen hormone, also known as diethylstilbestrol (DES), once used as a medication to prevent miscarriages and to treat certain conditions related to menopause and hormone imbalance, which is no longer recommended due to potential health risks | |
determinant | n: a factor, circumstance, or condition that contributes to the shaping, influencing, or determining of a particular outcome or result | |
likelihood | n: the probability or chance that something will happen or be the case | |
womb | n: the organ of a woman or female mammal in which a baby develops before birth | |
addition | n: the act or process of adding something to something else; the process of adding numbers | |
unique | adj: being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else | |
offspring | n: descendant; any immature animal or plant | |
organ | n: a part of the body of an animal or plant that has a particular purpose and performs a specific job | |
demonstrate | v: to display something or give an exhibition to an interested audience | |
stick | v: to put something, usually a sharp object, into something; to restrict yourself to doing or using one certain thing and not change; (noun) a thin piece of wood or other material | |
visualize | v: to form a mental image or concept of something; to make something visible | |
artistic | adj: of or relating to art or artist; satisfying aesthetic standards and sensibilities | |
license | n: an official permission or authorization to do, use, or own something; a legal document that grants the holder the right to perform certain activities, such as driving a car, practicing a profession, or using a particular product or service | |
snore | v: to make a loud, harsh breathing sound while sleeping, often due to an obstruction in the airways or other respiratory issues; to sound boring, monotonous, or dull | |
honk | n: a loud, harsh sound made by a vehicle’s horn to signal a warning or attract attention | |
acid | n: sour; water-soluble chemicals with a sour flavor; any of a variety of generally liquid compounds capable of reacting with and occasionally dissolving other materials | |
unborn | adj: not yet born | |
fetus | n: an unborn or unhatched animal in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal | |
artificial | adj: not natural and made by human beings; not real but produced to resemble something | |
musky | adj: having a strong, earthy smell that is often reminiscent of musk or moss | |
profound | adj: extremely great; sensed or experienced very strongly; displaying a high level of knowledge or comprehension | |
notion | n: a general idea or understanding of something, particularly an abstract or complex concept; a belief or opinion, often one that is not based on solid evidence or facts | |
vanguard | n: the leading or forefront position in a movement, campaign, or trend; a person or group that is at the forefront of something new or innovative | |
dump | v: to deposit or dispose of something, such as trash, waste, etc., carelessly or hurriedly | |
pollute | v: to make an area or substance, such as land, air, water, etc., dirty or harmful to living things by adding waste matter or harmful chemicals | |
scan | v: to examine something hastily, with the eyes or with a machine, to get information | |
rev | n: a measure of the rate at which an engine or motor rotates, often expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM); (verb) to increase the number of rotations per minute | |
heartbeat | n: the regular movement or sound of the heart as it sends blood around the body; an animating or vital unifying force | |
resonance | n: a deep, full, or reverberating sound or tone; a quality or feeling of a particular emotional or mental vibration or significance; a mutual or sympathetic connection or correspondence between two things | |
weird | adj: extraordinary, unexpected, or difficult to explain | |
communicate | v: to share or exchange information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals | |
origin | n: the first existence or beginning of something | |
intention | n: something you want to do and are going to do | |
trap | n: a piece of equipment or hole for catching animals or people; (verb) to catch animals or people and prevent them from escaping | |
exciting | adj: causing a lot of interest or excitement | |
appropriate | adj: suitable or proper in the circumstances; fitting | |
revolution | n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war; | |
silent | adj: without any or little sound | |
downstream | adv: in the direction that a stream or river flows; (adjective) in the direction of a stream’s current | |
faith | n: complete trust in something or someone’s ability or knowledge; a strong belief in religion, divine power, etc. | |
activism | n: the policy or action of using vigorous campaigning to bring about political or social change | |
sperm | n: the reproductive cell produced by a man or male animal | |
tubule | n: a small, tube-like structure; a minute duct or canal in a plant or animal body | |
fertility | n: the state or quality of being able to produce babies, young animals, fruit, or new plants | |
absence | n: the fact or condition of being away from a place where they are typically anticipated to be | |
reptile | n: a cold-blooded animal that has dry, scaly skin and lays eggs on land, such as snakes, lizards, and turtles | |
experiment | n: the scientific test conducted to observe what happens and gain new knowledge | |
coincidence | n: an occasion when two or more similar things happen at the same time by chance, in a surprising way | |
colleague | n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business | |
semen | n: the fluid that contains sperm and is ejaculated during sexual activity, which may fertilize an egg and lead to pregnancy | |
urine | n: a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals that are released from the body when you urinate | |
agriculture | n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock | |
communal | adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use | |
chlorophyll | n: any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms | |
nervous | adj: worried and anxious about something; relating to the nerves | |
expectancy | n: the anticipation, belief, or likelihood of something happening or occurring in the future; the state of expecting or looking forward to something | |
wildlife | n: animals, birds, insects, etc. that grow independently of people and live in natural conditions | |
warn | v: to make someone aware of potential danger or difficulty, particularly one that may occur in the future | |
evident | adj: apparent to the mind, senses, or judgment | |
slide | v: to move or cause to move smoothly along a surface without interruption | |
runoff | n: the occurrence of surplus liquid such as water that exceeds the limit or capacity; another competition, election, race, etc., following a tie or inconclusive outcome | |
crop | n: a plant that is cultivated in large amounts, particularly for food | |
bucket | n: an open container with a handle made of metal or plastic, often used for carrying liquids | |
sole | adj: only one of its kind; being the only existing or available one; (noun) the undersurface of a person’s foot | |
bathe | v: to wash or immerse oneself or another person in the water or a liquid; to expose a part of the body to a natural element, such as sunlight or air | |
immune | adj: protected against a particular disease or toxin due to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells | |
function | n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose | |
faucet | n: a device for controlling the flow of liquid from a pipe | |
assume | v: to think or accept something to be true without having proof of it; to take or begin to have power; to begin to exhibit a specific quality or appearance | |
mast | n: a long pole aboard a boat or ship that holds up the sails | |
climate | n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period | |
concept | n: an idea or principle associated with something abstract | |
internal | adj: of or relating to the inside of something | |
environmentalist | n: a person who is concerned with and advocates for the protection of the natural environment | |
repercussion | n: an effect or consequence of something, especially an unwelcome one, of an event or action | |
ignorant | adj: lacking knowledge or awareness in general; uneducated or unsophisticated; unaware of certain facts or information | |
urge | v: to spur on or encourage someone, especially by cheers and shouts; (noun) a strong desire or impulse, especially one that is difficult to control or resist | |
burden | n: a duty, responsibility, etc. that is oppressive or worrisome; a load, typically a heavy one that is difficult to carry | |
bearing | n: the way in which one comports oneself; a posture or stance, especially one indicative of confidence or authority; the horizontal direction or position of a place, object, or person relative to another | |
moving | adj: causing strong emotions or feelings, especially sadness or sympathy | |
melt | v: to turn from something solid into something soft or liquid as a result of heating | |
glacier | n: a slowly moving mass of ice formed from snow on mountains or near the North Pole or the South Pole |