Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (201 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (39 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
humming | adj: producing a continuous, low, vibrating sound like that of the bee | |
fascination | n: the state of being intensely interested in someone or something, or a powerful attraction | |
brain | n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling | |
chart | n: a visual display of information such as a diagram, lists of figures, etc.; a map designed to assist navigation by air or sea | |
influence | n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself | |
transformation | n: a complete change in form, nature, or appearance of someone or something | |
typical | adj: having the usual characteristics or traits of a specific group of things | |
layer | n: a sheet, quantity, or thickness of the material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body; a level or part within a system or set of ideas | |
vascular | adj: of or relating to blood vessels, especially the veins and arteries that carry blood throughout the body | |
incredible | adj: unbelievable; enormous | |
vessel | n: a ship or large boat | |
oxygen | n: the chemical element with the symbol O that is present in air and water and is necessary for people, animals, and plants to live | |
lung | n: either of the two organs in the chest that people and some animals use for breathing | |
pump | v: to cause water, air, gas, etc. to move from one place to another by using mechanical equipment; to get or supply something such as money, information, etc. in significant quantities | |
organ | n: a part of the body of an animal or plant that has a particular purpose and performs a specific job | |
fist | n: a hand with the fingers clenched tightly into the palm to form a hard rounded shape; an act of striking someone or something with the fist | |
slightly | adv: in a small degree or extent; a little | |
invasive | adj: spreading very quickly, and often aggressively, and difficult to stop | |
cerebellum | n: the part of the brain at the back of the head that plays an important role in motor control, balance, and coordination | |
upright | adj: perpendicular to a horizontal surface or line; (adverb) in a vertical position | |
standing | adj: existing or remaining upright; having a vertical position; (noun) social, financial, or professional status or reputation | |
involve | v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else | |
coordinated | adj: effectively arranged or organized so that all the parts work smoothly or systematically together | |
movement | n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively | |
temporal | adj: of or relating to time as opposed to eternity | |
cortex | n: the outermost layer of an organ, especially the brain | |
primary | adj: first or highest in rank, order, or importance; most fundamental or essential; pertaining to the initial or introductory stage of something, such as a school year or election cycle | |
auditory | adj: of or relating to hearing or the ability to hear | |
process | n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products | |
complexity | n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand | |
decision | n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options | |
decision-maker | n: a person who makes important decisions, especially at a high level in an organization | |
decide | v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options | |
probable | adj: likely to happen or likely to be true | |
steak | n: a thin slice of meat, typically beef, grilled or fried and served as a main dish | |
cross-section | n: a two-dimensional representation of a slice or portion of a three-dimensional object or structure, showing the internal arrangement and relationship of its parts; a sample or subset of a larger population or entity that allows insight into its characteristics or behavior | |
structure | n: the way of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts, or a complex thing constructed of many parts | |
invention | n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation; the act of inventing | |
stain | v: to discolor, defile, or tarnish something; (noun) a discoloration or dirty mark on a surface that is difficult to remove | |
neuron | n: a cell that is specialized to carry information within the brain and between the brain and other parts of the body | |
uniform | adj: always the same; showing a single form or character in all occurrences; (noun) the special set of clothes worn by members of a particular group as a means of identification | |
neocortex | n: the part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for higher brain functions such as conscious thought and decision-making | |
continuous | adj: occurring or existing without a pause or interruption | |
underneath | adv: under or below something else | |
blank | adj: without any writing or printing; empty or devoid of ideas, information, or meaning; unable to remember or recall information | |
dense | adj: containing a large number of people or something with little space between them | |
distribute | v: to give something to a large number of individuals, or to spread or furnish something | |
contribute | v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people | |
underlying | adj: significant as a cause or basis of something but not immediately apparent or stated clearly | |
function | n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose | |
mention | v: to speak or write about something or someone briefly | |
individual | n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group | |
astrocytoma | n: a type of brain tumor that develops from abnormal glial cells called astrocytes | |
glia | n: a type of brain cell that supports and insulates neurons, provides nutrients to them, and helps to regulate their activity | |
nervous | adj: worried and anxious about something; relating to the nerves | |
synapse | n: the fact or state of failing to finish an activity and of stopping using, making, or doing it | |
largely | adv: virtually entirely; to a large degree | |
unique | adj: being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else | |
fundamental | adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected | |
biochemical | adj: relating to the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms | |
protein | n: a molecule made up of a long chain of amino acids, which is essential for the structure and function of the body’s tissues | |
ion | n: an atom or molecule that has a positive or negative electrical charge caused by its losing or gained one or more electrons | |
zoom | v: to move along very quickly; (noun) the act of rising upward into the air | |
encode | v: to convert information into a code or format suitable for storage or transmission | |
genome | n: the complete set or sequence of genes of a human, animal, plant, or other living things | |
chromosome | n: a long and string-like DNA molecule containing the part or all of the genetic material of an organism that controls what an animal or plant is like | |
roughly | adv: approximately but not precisely; with a violent manner | |
gene | n: the fundamental unit of heredity and the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for the creation of RNA or protein. | |
dictate | v: to state or give order with total authority; to say or read aloud for somebody else to write down or to be recorded | |
readout | n: a display of information or data, often in numerical or digital form, that provides a readout of measurements, quantities, or other aspects of a process or system | |
undertake | v: to do or begin to do something, such as an enterprise or responsibility | |
obvious | adj: easy to see, discover or understand | |
lab | n: a workplace for the conduct of scientific research; a laboratory | |
technique | n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill | |
norm | n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard | |
medical | adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine | |
examine | v: to study or consider a person or object attentively and thoroughly to learn something about them | |
criteria | n: (plural of criterion) standards or conditions by which something may be judged or decided | |
injury | n: harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body caused by an accident or an attack | |
psychiatric | adj: of or relating to the treatment or study of mental illness or disorders | |
disease | n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems | |
toxicology | n: the study of poisonous substances and their effects on organisms, including humans | |
work-up | n: a thorough examination, analysis, or assessment of a patient’s medical condition or a situation, typically involving various diagnostic procedures, tests, or investigations; a comprehensive evaluation or preparation | |
tissue | n: an ensemble of similar cells of the animal or plant that together carry out a specific function | |
consent | n: permission or agreement to do something, especially given by somebody in authority | |
labile | adj: easily or readily undergoing change, instability, or varying states; having a tendency to be unstable or changeable | |
accidental | adj: happening or existing by chance or unintentionally | |
prime | adj: main or most important; basic; (prime number, noun) a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers (e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13) | |
significance | n: the importance or value attached to something; the quality of being significant or noteworthy | |
spouse | n: a person’s husband, wife, or partner in marriage | |
magnetic | adj: having the properties of attracting or repelling certain materials containing iron or steel | |
resonance | n: a deep, full, or reverberating sound or tone; a quality or feeling of a particular emotional or mental vibration or significance; a mutual or sympathetic connection or correspondence between two things | |
template | n: a pre-designed file or document used as a starting point for a particular application so that the format does not have to be created from scratch | |
satellite | n: an electronic device that is sent up into space and moves around the Earth or another planet, used for gathering information or communicating by radio, television, etc. | |
diffusion | n: a spreading motion in multiple directions | |
tensor | n: (of anatomy) a muscle that causes a part of the body to become tense or tight, thereby exerting a pulling or stretching force; (of physics) a mathematical object or vector that describes the direction and intensity of a physical force or quantity in a multi-dimensional space | |
cable | n: a set of wires covered by plastic or rubber that carries electricity, phone signals, etc.; a solid thick rope made of twisted hemp or steel wire | |
interstate | adj: between or involving different states (= the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation) | |
highway | n: a main road, especially one connecting major towns or cities | |
skull | n: a bone framework that surrounds the brain and gives the head its shape | |
slice | n: a flat, often thin, piece of bread, meat, cheese, etc., that has been cut from a larger piece; a wound made by cutting | |
centimeter | n: a unit of measurement of length in the metric system, equivalent to one-hundredth of a meter | |
solid | adj: hard or firm; characterized by good substantial quality | |
hemisphere | n: half of the terrestrial globe; half of a sphere | |
glorify | v: to praise or honor something or someone, often in an exaggerated or overly positive way; to elevate or exalt something or someone to a higher status or position | |
blade | n: the flat part of a knife, weapon, or machine with a very thin edge used for cutting | |
sect | n: a group of people who follow a particular religious or philosophical belief system, especially one that is regarded as outside the norm or mainstream | |
transfer | v: to move, pass, or change from one person, place, or situation to another | |
microscope | n: an instrument used to see objects or substances that are too small to be seen with the naked eye | |
slide | v: to move or cause to move smoothly along a surface without interruption | |
scan | v: to examine something hastily, with the eyes or with a machine, to get information | |
anatomy | n: the scientific study that deals with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants | |
assignment | n: a duty or task given to someone, usually as part of their job or studies | |
boundary | n: a real or imaginary line that marks the limit or extent of something and separates it from other things or places | |
broad | adj: very wide; general | |
outline | v: to describe the main facts or aspects involved in something | |
fragment | n: a small piece or part broken off or detached | |
cryogenic | adj: relating to the production, use, or storage of materials at very low temperatures, often below -150°C | |
micron | n: a unit of measurement equal to one-millionth of a meter, used for measuring the size of particles and microorganisms | |
old-fashioned | adj: of or relating to a time in the past; not modern | |
paintbrush | n: a tool used for applying paint or other liquid substances to a surface, typically consisting of bristles or synthetic fibers attached to a handle | |
applied | adj: of or relating to a subject of study, especially a science, that is used in a practical way | |
melt | v: to turn from something solid into something soft or liquid as a result of heating | |
configuration | n: the arrangement or pattern of something or a group of related things | |
cluster | n: a group of similar things or people close together, often forming a distinct mass or unit | |
routine | n: a usual or habitual way of doing things; a set sequence of steps, part of a larger computer program | |
refer | v: to direct someone’s attention, thoughts, or questions to another source or person; to mention, cite, or allude to something as evidence or support | |
atlas | n: a book of maps or charts; a figure in Greek mythology who bore the weight of the world on his shoulders | |
laser | n: a device that emits powerful and narrow light that can be used as a tool to cut metal through a process of optical amplification | |
dissection | n: the act or process of cutting up or dividing something to examine it | |
instruction | n: detailed direction, order, etc., on how to do or use something | |
scribe | n: a person who writes out copies of documents or manuscripts, especially in ancient times | |
dot | n: a very small circular mark, especially one that is printed | |
container | n: a receptacle or object used to hold, store, or transport something; a large standardized metal box that is used for transporting goods by sea or land | |
purify | v: to remove harmful substances from something and increase the concentration of it | |
efflorescent | adj: relating to the process of flowering or blooming; characterized by the formation of a powdery or crystalline deposit on the surface of a material due to the evaporation of water or other solvents | |
array | n: a large group or collection of things or people, especially one that is impressive or attractive | |
bunch | n: a grouping of several similar things which are growing or fastened together | |
spot | n: a particular location or place; a small round or roundish area, differing in color or feels from the surface around it | |
element | n: a fundamental or essential part of something | |
repeatedly | adv: again and again; many times | |
hybrid | adj: composed of different elements or mixed characters | |
fingerprint | n: a unique pattern of ridges and valleys on the surface of a finger that can be used to identify a person | |
quantitative | adj: relating to, measuring, or expressing in terms of quantity; involving numerical or statistical data | |
hippocampus | n: a major component of the brain of humans and other vertebrates that is part of the limbic system and is vital for memory | |
measurement | n: the act or process of finding something’s size, quantity, or degree | |
synthesis | n: the combination of components or elements to form a more complex whole; the creation of something new through combining parts or elements | |
multimodal | adj: involving or using several ways of communication or expression | |
recognize | v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered | |
framework | n: the structural components of a building or object that support its weight and give it form; the underlying structure of a system, concept, or text | |
operator | n: a person who uses and controls machinery or equipment; a mathematical symbol used to perform calculations | |
highlight | v: to make something prominent, mainly so that people give it more attention | |
degree | n: a unit of measurement for angles, temperature, or level of proficiency or achievement; a rank or level of academic or professional attainment | |
assay | v: to analyze or test a substance for its chemical composition or its quantity; to attempt or try something | |
prescribe | v: (of a doctor) to advise and order the use of particular medicine or treatment for someone, especially in writing; to issue commands or orders for something | |
antidepressant | n: any of a class of drugs used to reduce feelings of sadness and worry | |
bind | v: to tie or fasten someone or something tightly with rope, string, etc. so that they cannot move or are held together strongly | |
confirmation | n: a statement, often written, that shows that something is true, correct, or definite | |
serotonin | n: a neurotransmitter (= a chemical that carries nerve impulses) involved in, e.g., sleep, emotion, and memory | |
affected | adj: influenced; feeling or showing emotion, especially exaggerated emotion; not natural or sincere | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
optimize | v: to make the best or most effective use of something | |
association | n: a people or groups of people who have joined in a single organization together for a particular purpose; a social or business connection or relationship | |
routinely | adv: on a regular or habitual basis; in a manner that is customary or expected | |
analyze | v: to think about in-depth and evaluate to discover essential features or meaning | |
population | n: the total number of people in a country, region, or location | |
causal | adj: relating to or indicating a cause or the relationship between causes and effects; resulting from a cause | |
clue | n: an object, a piece of evidence, or some information that helps someone to find the answer to a problem, question, or mystery | |
pathway | n: a track that constitutes or serves as a path; an approach or a way of doing something | |
importance | n: the quality of being important and worthy of note | |
individuality | n: the qualities or characters that distinguish a particular person or thing from others of the same kind | |
genetic | adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes | |
background | n: the details of a person’s social heritage, such as family, vocational or educational experience; past information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem | |
separate | v: to force, take, or pull apart; mark as different | |
correspondence | n: the letters, emails, etc., especially official or business ones; the quality or state of being the same in amount, number, status | |
cutoff | n: a point or level beyond which something will not be tolerated or allowed; the act of stopping or interrupting the supply of something | |
correlate | v: to have a connection or relationship in which one thing affects or depends on another | |
subtle | adj: not readily apparent or visible | |
celebrate | v: to acknowledge a memorable or good day or event with a social gathering or enjoyable activity | |
differ | v: to be not like someone or something in some way | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
cue | n: a signal, gesture, or action that provides information or direction for someone else to act or respond; a reminder or prompt for someone to do something | |
delete | v: to remove something, especially that has been written; to wipe out digitally or magnetically recorded information | |
schizophrenia | n: a severe mental disorder in which a person has a distorted view of reality and may experience hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and behavior | |
variation | n: the act or state of changing; a difference or change in the way something is done, made or said | |
donor | n: a person or an organization that makes a gift of money, food, supplies, etc. to a cause or fund; in medicine, a person who gives blood or tissue or an organ to be used in another person | |
exception | n: something that is not included in a general rule or pattern; a person or thing that is excluded or stands apart from others | |
specific | adj: clearly defined or particular to a certain thing or situation; distinct, explicit, and precise | |
subset | n: a set of things that are contained within another larger set; a portion or division of a group or category | |
purple | adj: of a color intermediate between red and blue | |
precipitate | v: to cause something to happen suddenly or unexpectedly; to cause a solid substance to form from a dissolved liquid or gas by means of a chemical reaction or physical process | |
incredibly | adv: in a way that is very difficult to believe; exceedingly or extremely | |
handle | v: to deal with a situation, problem, or strong emotion | |
handful | n: a small quantity or number, usually referring to the amount that can be held in one hand; a person or thing that is difficult to control or manage | |
unexplored | adj: not yet examined, investigated, or studied; lacking in knowledge or information; unknown or undiscovered | |
undiscovered | adj: not yet found or known | |
continent | n: one of the earth’s large landmasses; (adjective) abstaining from your feelings, especially your desire to have sex | |
frontier | n: a border that separates two countries, or the area near this line | |
daunt | v: to intimidate or discourage someone, often by making them feel afraid or uncertain; to lessen someone’s courage, enthusiasm, or spirit | |
humble | adj: having or showing a modest or low estimate of one’s quality or importance | |
await | v: to wait or stay ready for something; to expect or anticipate something |