Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (211 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (39 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
fiscal	adj: relating to government revenue and expenditures; relating to financial matters
cliff	n: a steep rock face, especially one at the edge of the sea or a river
absolutely	adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly
resolve	v: to find a suitable answer to the problems or difficulty
incentive	n: something, such as a punishment, reward, etc., that encourages a person to do something
negotiation	n: the process of discussing and reaching an agreement with others
frenzy	n: a state of wild, uncontrolled excitement or activity, often characterized by chaotic or irrational behavior
partisan	adj: biased or prejudiced in favor of a particular cause, group, or political party; displaying strong support or allegiance to a particular side or viewpoint
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
verge	n: the point at which something is about to happen or where something begins; the edge or margin of something, particularly a physical boundary or border
collapse	v: to fall down or give way suddenly, often after breaking apart
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
define	v: to state or explain precisely the nature, scope, or meaning of something
buck	n: a male deer; a unit of currency, especially the US dollar; a sudden jolt or movement; a young man; (verb) to resist or oppose something, such as an authority, trend, or convention
primer	n: a book or manual giving basic information about a subject often used as an introduction or means of instruction; a type of paint or other material that is applied to a surface before the final coat of paint or finish is applied
refreshments	n: small snacks or drinks provided to guests or participants at an event, typically to satisfy hunger or thirst temporarily
slope	n: a surface with one end or side that is higher than the other
austerity	n: the state or condition of being stern, rigid, or uncompromising, or being simple or plain; an economic policy or measure that seeks to reduce government spending and debt
crisis	n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken
impose	v: to officially force a new law, tax, duty, etc. to be obeyed or received
destruction	n: the act of causing so much damage to something
arbitrary	adj: based on chance, or individual whim rather than any reason
deadline	n: a date or period by which something must be done
inevitable	adj: certain to happen and unavoidable
projection	n: the act of calculating or guessing, or the state of being estimated; any solid shape or object that juts out from something; an image on a screen cast from something
debt	n: something, especially money, goods, or services owed by one person to another; the state of owing something
percentage	n: the number, amount, or rate of something, which is usually the amount per hundred
dot	n: a very small circular mark, especially one that is printed
represent	v: to speak, act, or be present on behalf of another person or group; to form or constitute
congressional	adj: of or relating to Congress, especially to the Congress of the United States
congress	n: a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups
investor	n: someone who puts money or capital into something to gain financial returns
bond	n: a close emotional connection between two or more people; a certificate of debt that a government or corporation issues to raise money
buyer	n: a person or organization that purchases or acquires goods, property, or services from a seller or vendor
attempt	n: an act or effort of trying to do something, especially something difficult
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
consistent	adj: always behaving or happening in the same way, or having the same thoughts, standards, etc.
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
gap	n: a conspicuous disparity or difference separates something such as a figure, people, their opinions, situation, etc.
widen	v: to become or make something broader, wider, more extensive
graph	n: a picture consisting of a line, lines, points, etc., that shows how two or more sets of certain quantities are related to each other
ugly	adj: unattractive in appearance; unpleasant to look at
democracy	n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so
republican	n: a person who supports or advocates for a particular form of government, typically one that has an elected head of state rather than a monarch; a member or supporter of the Republican Party in the United States
favorable	adj: having a positive or beneficial attitude or effect; expressing approval, support, or agreement
deficit	n: the total amount by which money spent is greater than money earned in a particular period of time; the property of being an amount by which something, especially an amount of money, is less than expected or required
trajectory	n: the curved path followed by an object moving through space
disagree	v: to have or express a different opinion, idea, etc.
cynical	adj: believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity
insider	n: a person who has privileged access to special or secret information about a particular organization or field
lobby	n: a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and wait; a group of people who try to persuade a politician, the government, or an official group to influence legislation
fundamental	adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected
philosophy	n: the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind
amazing	adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire
engineer	n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software
unfortunately	adv: by bad luck; unluckily
constantly	adv: all the time
scour	v: to clean thoroughly and vigorously by scrubbing or rubbing; to search or examine something thoroughly and systematically
endeavor	v: to make an earnest attempt or effort; to strive or work hard towards a goal or objective
labor	n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal
machinery	n: a group of large machines or the components of a machine that make it work; social institution functions or structure for doing something
productive	adj: resulting in or making a lot or a significant amount of something, especially something of value
temporary	adj: not lasting or be used for a very long
dislocate	v: to move out of a position of the bone in a joint; to put out of its usual place, position, or relationship
fade	v: to vanish; to fade away; to lose color; to lose freshness
efficient	adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials
cheat	v: to act dishonestly or unfairly to gain an advantage or to deceive someone; to break the rules or laws
depart	v: to go away or leave, especially to start a journey
mechanism	n: a part of a machine, or a set of parts that performs a task; a natural or established process that occurs during a specific situation or reaction
economical	adj: providing a satisfactory return on the money, time, or effort; not using more money, fuel, etc. than necessary
capitalism	n: an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit
wealth	n: a large amount of money, property, or other things that someone or an organization owns
pile	n: a collection of objects positioned one on top of another; a large sum of something, such as money
rip	v: to tear something or be torn violently or suddenly
unproductive	adj: not producing or able to produce very much or desired results
equitable	adj: fair and impartial; treating everyone fairly
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
racism	n: prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people based on their membership in a particular ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized
lens	n: a transparent optical device with curved sides, used in an optical instrument that makes objects seem larger, smaller, clearer, etc.; (metaphor) the basic thoughts or mindsets through which someone sees or understands the environment or situation
stake	n: a share or financial investment in something such as a business; a wooden or metal post set up to mark something
ruin	v: to damage, spoil, or demolish something; (noun) an unrecoverable state of devastation and destruction,
despair	n: the feeling that there is no hope and you cannot do anything to improve a difficult situation
depressed	adj: sad and without any hope
excite	v: to make someone feel suddenly enthusiastic or eager
shocking	adj: extremely or surprisingly bad, or causing a strong emotional response such as surprise or disgust
moderate	adj: being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme
pragmatic	adj: practical rather than idealistic
federal	adj: relating to a central government or national authority; refers to government policies, laws, or programs that are implemented at a national level rather than a state or local level
security	n: the state of being free from danger, risk, or harm; measures taken to protect against threats or attacks; a financial asset, such as a stock or bond that derives value exclusively from the ownership interest or claim to a particular underlying asset or obligation
defend	v: to protect someone or something from attack, criticism, danger, etc.
discretionary	adj: subject to one’s judgment or decision; available for use as needed or desired
overwhelming	adj: very great or intense; so powerful that you cannot fight or react against it
chunk	n: a thick and solid mass or piece of something
indigent	adj: lacking the necessities of life, especially food and shelter, or lacking the means to acquire them; poor or destitute
touched	adj: affected emotionally or mentally; moved; showing a slight change or alteration
remarkable	adj: worthy of attention because unusual or special
roughly	adv: approximately but not precisely; with a violent manner
tweak	v: to pinch or squeeze something sharply; to adjust something finely
stable	adj: firm and steady; not easily moved, disturbed, or changed
fairly	adv: to a certain extent or degree; without favoring one party in an evenhanded manner
rumor	n: a piece of unverified information of uncertain origin that is spread by word of mouth
demise	n: death or the end of something
greatly	adv: to an extraordinary extent or degree; very much
exaggerate	v: to describe or represent something as better or worse than it is
gradual	adj: happening slowly over a long period of time or distance; not steep or abrupt
retirement	n: the fact or act of stopping working and leaving one’s job
eliminate	v: to remove or get rid of someone or something
medical	adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine
contribution	n: the act of giving something, especially money, to a particular cause or organization; a voluntary gift as of money or service or ideas made to some worthwhile cause
discuss	v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic
divide	v: to separate or cause to separate into parts or groups
military	adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare
outweigh	v: to be heavier, more significant, or more critical than something
vast	adj: enormous in size, number, amount, or quantity
welfare	n: the general health, happiness, and prosperous of a person or group
interior	n: the inside or inner part of something; the space within the walls of a building
inducement	n: something that is used to persuade or influence someone to do something; a motive, enticement, or incentive
drill	n: a tool or machine used for making round holes or driving fasteners; a training or practice
doll	n: a child’s toy that typically represents a human figure, especially a young girl; an attractive woman; a woman who is subservient or passive
invest	v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result
independence	n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
quarter	n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion
sliver	n: a small, thin, narrow piece or fragment of something, often characterized by its length or its sharpness or thinness; a small portion or amount of something, often used in a metaphorical sense to describe a trace or a hint of something
libertarian	n: a person who believes that people should be free to think and behave as they want and the government should only have a minimal level of control, and a person who advocates those beliefs
socialist	adj: relating to or supporting socialism (= the idea that the wealth and resources of a society should be shared among all members rather than being concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals or corporations)
tremendous	adj: very great in degree or extent or amount or impact; extremely good
overlap	v: to partially cover something by going beyond its edge
abortion	n: the intentional termination of a pregnancy at an early stage
saltwater	adj: of or connected with seawater or water containing salt; living in or found in the sea
freshwater	adj: living in, found in, or connecting with water that does not contain salt
liberal	adj: willing to respect or allow many different types of beliefs or behavior; open-minded
wed	v: to marry someone
snub	v: to deliberately ignore, reject, or dismiss someone or something abruptly and rudely; to intentionally withhold attention, recognition, or acknowledgment in a way that is meant to be disrespectful or insulting
confer	v: to have a meeting or discussion to come to a decision or agreement or exchange ideas; to bestow something
ideology	n: a set of beliefs or philosophies that an economic or political system is based on
phrase	n: a group of words that mean something specific when used together
graduate	n: a person who has a first degree from university or college; (verb) to complete the first course of university or college and get a degree
doctoral	adj: of or relating to doctorate (= the highest degree from a university) or the achievement of a doctorate
economics	n: the branch of social science that deals with the production, consumption, and transfer of goods and services
empirical	adj: based on or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic
riddle	n: a type of question that describes something in a difficult and confusing way, and that has a surprising answer, often asked as a game
disastrous	adj: extremely bad, harmful, or unsuccessful
predict	v: to state beforehand that something will happen in the future, mainly based on knowledge or experience
awful	adj: causing fear, dread, or terror; very bad or unpleasant
profession	n: an occupation or vocation requiring advanced education or specialized training
acquire	v: to buy or obtain something such as an asset, object, knowledge, etc., for oneself
degree	n: a unit of measurement for angles, temperature, or level of proficiency or achievement; a rank or level of academic or professional attainment
modesty	n: the quality of being modest (= having or showing a humble estimate of one’s merits, importance, etc.), which can include humility or shyness; the act of not showing too much of oneself or being overly boastful
arrogant	adj: having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one’s importance or abilities
assure	v: to give confidence or reassurance to someone; to convince or guarantee someone that something will happen or that something is true
impartial	adj: not favoring one side or party over another; fair and unbiased in judgment or opinion
outcome	n: the result or effect of an action, event, etc.
organization	n: a group of people who work together for a shared purpose
survey	n: an investigation of the opinions, behavior, etc. of a particular group of people, made by asking people questions
attitude	n: the way you think and feel about someone or something
pew	n: a long bench or seating area, typically found in churches, designed to accommodate multiple people during religious services
elect	v: to choose someone for a specific position by voting for them; to decide or choose to do something
poll	n: an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people; the process of voting at an election
ideological	adj: relating to or concerned with ideas and theories rather than practical matters
encourage	v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
redistribute	v: to share something among people in a different way
compromise	v: to settle a problem or disagreement by mutual concession
argument	n: a set of statements or reasons used to support or refute a proposition or theory; a verbal or physical fight or dispute
vague	adj: not clearly expressed or understood
quest	n: a long or challenging search for something
handout	n: giving money, food, or clothing to those who are poor or in need
radical	adj: relating to the essential aspects of anything; far beyond the norm, mainly used of opinions and actions
specific	adj: clearly defined or particular to a certain thing or situation; distinct, explicit, and precise
consideration	n: the act or process of giving careful thought to something; a fee charged in advance to retain the services of someone
separate	v: to force, take, or pull apart; mark as different
ancient	adj: relating to the long ago, particularly the historical period preceding the fall of the Western Roman Empire; very old
representative	n: someone who speaks or acts officially on behalf of another person or group of people
capture	v: to catch a person or an animal and confine them in an area which they cannot escape
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
primary	adj: first or highest in rank, order, or importance; most fundamental or essential; pertaining to the initial or introductory stage of something, such as a school year or election cycle
yell	v: to shout in a sudden and loud way
adopt	v: to choose to follow something; to legally take a child from another family and care for them as if they were one’s own
reserve	v: to keep something for future use or contingency; to obtain or arrange something, such as a meeting, seat, etc., in advance
vicious	adj: having or showing a desire to cause harm to others; having the nature of vice
constitute	v: to be the essential or fundamental elements or parts of something; to establish, appoint, or assign someone to a particular office or position; to make up or compose something
guarantee	v: to promise something will happen formally, especially that certain conditions about a product, service, or transaction would be met
destroy	v: to ruin or damage severely or completely; to eradicate or eliminate completely
mess	n: a state of confusion, dirtiness, or untidiness; (verb) to fail to do something or to make something dirty or untidy
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
depression	n: a mental condition in which a person feels very unhappy and without hope for the future; a severe recession in an economy or market
currency	n: a system of money in general use in a particular country
coordination	n: the act of making all the people involved in a plan or activity work together effectively; the ability to control different parts of the body effectively
presidency	n: the office or term of the President of a country or organization
standing	adj: existing or remaining upright; having a vertical position; (noun) social, financial, or professional status or reputation
scream	v: to give a loud, high shout suddenly, especially because of fear, anger, excitement, etc.; to utter or declare in a very loud voice
scared	adj: afraid or frightened
suppose	v: to think that something is likely to be actual or possible
madden	v: to make someone extremely angry or irritated, often to the point of losing control or rationality; to become irrational or frenzied with anger or frustration
instantly	adv: immediately
delay	v: to cause something to happen at a later time than originally intended or expected
bedrock	n: the solid rock underlying soil or alluvium
stability	n: the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast
nervous	adj: worried and anxious about something; relating to the nerves
horrible	adj: extremely unpleasant or bad; causing fear or disgust
calamity	n: a serious event that causes damage, injury, or loss
sustained	adj: lasting for a long time or continuing for a long time without becoming weaker or less intense
foster	v: to promoto growth; to take care of another person’s child, usually for a limited time, without becoming their legal parents
scare	v: to frighten a person or animal, or to become frightened
polarize	v: to cause or become divided into two contrasting or opposite groups, opinions, or positions; to create or intensify a sharp division or conflict
existence	n: the state or fact of someone or something existing
religion	n: a deep conviction in a supernatural power that controls human destiny
mathematics	n: the science dealing with the logic of quantities, shapes, spaces, and arrangement
solvable	adj: capable of being solved or resolved; able to be fixed or resolved with effort, skill, or knowledge
practical	adj: of or connected with actual use or real situation rather than with theory and ideas
paradoxical	adj: seemingly contradictory or absurd because of having two opposite features or facts, though it is probably true