Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (79 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (15 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
millennium | n: a span of 1000 years, or the 1000th anniversary (plural: millennia) | |
bronze | n: a dark red-brown metal that is created by combining copper and tin | |
jewelry | n: decorative ornaments made of precious metals, gemstones, or other materials, worn as personal adornment, which can include items such as necklaces, bracelets, rings, earrings, and brooches | |
currency | n: a system of money in general use in a particular country | |
decline | v: to become gradually smaller, fewer, worse, etc.; to refuse to accept | |
upheaval | n: great change, disruption, or disturbance; (geology) a rise of land to a higher elevation | |
economy | n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel | |
crisis | n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken | |
recession | n: a period of economic decline, typically lasting for six months or more, during which trade and industrial activity decrease, and unemployment increases | |
debate | n: a formal discussion or argument of opposing viewpoints, often to persuade others to adopt a specific position; a public discussion, often on an issue of current interest, in which participants offer opinions and differing perspectives | |
economical | adj: providing a satisfactory return on the money, time, or effort; not using more money, fuel, etc. than necessary | |
long-lasting | adj: existing or continuing for a long time | |
downturn | n: a period of decline, typically in an economy, characterized by reduced trade and business activity and a fall in prices and employment | |
ramification | n: the act or process of branching out or dividing into branches | |
comply | v: to obey an order, set of rules, or request | |
countless | adj: too numerous to be counted or very many | |
variable | adj: likely to change or vary often; (noun) a symbol, like x or y, that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a value that may be changed | |
contribute | v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people | |
pinpoint | v: to locate or identify the exact position in space or time of something | |
specific | adj: clearly defined or particular to a certain thing or situation; distinct, explicit, and precise | |
negative | adj: having the quality of something bad or harmful; expressing refusal | |
disrupt | v: to prevent or stop something, especially an event, activity, or process, from continuing in the usual way by causing a problem or disturbance | |
balance | n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away | |
mismatch | v: to put together or match items that are not compatible or do not fit well together; to be different from or not correspond to something else | |
prompt | v: to make someone decide to or try to do something, or to make something happen | |
relation | n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another | |
inflation | n: a general and progressive increase in prices; (cosmology) a theory of the exponential expansion of space in the early universe; the act of filling something with air | |
necessarily | adv: in an essential manner; in such a way as could not be otherwise | |
encourage | v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do | |
accompany | v: to go somewhere or travel with someone or something | |
eventually | adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on | |
debt | n: something, especially money, goods, or services owed by one person to another; the state of owing something | |
individual | n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group | |
typical | adj: having the usual characteristics or traits of a specific group of things | |
percentage | n: the number, amount, or rate of something, which is usually the amount per hundred | |
creditor | n: a person, company, etc. to whom a debtor owes money | |
repay | v: to give back or make restitution for money, debt, or other obligation that is owed; to compensate or reward someone for something done or given | |
afford | v: to have enough money or time to be able to buy or do something | |
invest | v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result | |
consume | v: to spend something, especially fuel, energy, or time, in a large amount | |
insight | n: the ability to gain an accurate and deep understanding of people or situations; an accurate and deep understanding of what something is like | |
fluctuation | n: a change, or the process of changing, that frequently happens, especially from one extreme to another; the quality of being unsteady and subject to changes | |
obvious | adj: easy to see, discover or understand | |
shock | n: a strong feeling or physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected event or experience, especially something unpleasant | |
disaster | n: an unexpected event or series of events that cause widespread damage, destruction, or loss of life | |
geopolitical | adj: of or relating to political activity or relations between countries and groups of countries, as influenced by the physical features of a country or area | |
earthquake | n: a sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the movement of rock beneath the earth’s surface | |
destroy | v: to ruin or damage severely or completely; to eradicate or eliminate completely | |
infrastructure | n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies | |
commodity | n: a product or a raw material that can be traded, bought, or sold | |
discotheque | n: a nightclub or restaurant where recorded music is played, and people dance | |
prosperity | n: the state of being successful and having the good fortune | |
expansion | n: the process of becoming larger or more extensive, or the result of this process | |
occasionally | adv: now and then; sometimes but not often | |
sustainable | adj: able to continue or be continued for a long time | |
corporation | n: a large company or group of companies that are controlled together by law as a single unit | |
assume | v: to think or accept something to be true without having proof of it; to take or begin to have power; to begin to exhibit a specific quality or appearance | |
handle | v: to deal with a situation, problem, or strong emotion | |
burden | n: a duty, responsibility, etc. that is oppressive or worrisome; a load, typically a heavy one that is difficult to carry | |
redirect | v: to change the direction or course of something; to send in a different direction | |
psychology | n: the scientific study of mind and behavior | |
fulfill | v: to meet the requirements or expectations; to achieve or realize | |
prophecy | n: a statement or prediction that something will happen in the future, typically one made by a religious leader | |
vicious | adj: having or showing a desire to cause harm to others; having the nature of vice | |
cycle | n: an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; a bicycle or motorcycle | |
wage | n: a particular amount of money that somebody earns, usually every week or every month, for work or services | |
policy | n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective | |
government | n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state | |
boost | v: to improve, raise, or increase something | |
reverse | v: to change something’s direction, order, position, decision, etc., to the opposite one; (adjective) directed or moving toward the rear | |
excessive | adj: greater than what seems necessary, normal, or desirable | |
reliant | adj: needing something or something to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed | |
stimulus | n: something that causes growth or arouses action | |
adoption | n: the action or fact of legally taking another’s child as one’s own; the act of accepting with approval | |
revolutionize | v: to bring about a complete or radical change in something, often through the introduction of new methods or ideas | |
modern | adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times | |
complexity | n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand | |
navigate | v: to plan and direct the way that a ship, plane, etc. will travel, often by using a map | |
anticipate | v: to expect or predict that something will happen; to tell in advance |