Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (162 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (31 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
incentive	n: something, such as a punishment, reward, etc., that encourages a person to do something
confer	v: to have a meeting or discussion to come to a decision or agreement or exchange ideas; to bestow something
grad	n: (informal for graduate) a student who has recently graduated or is about to graduate from a school, college, or university
onstage	adv: onto or on a stage in a theater; in front of an audience
frame	n: a strong border or structure of the wood, metal, etc. that surrounds something such as a picture, door, or window
specifically	adv: only associated with or meant for one thing
seductive	adj: tempting or alluring attractively or persuasively; often used to describe a person, behavior, or idea that is intended to lure or entice someone into a specific action or belief
persist	v: to continue to do and refuse to stop something despite difficulties or opposition, even if it appears unreasonable
identify	v: to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are
presume	v: to suppose or assume something to be true, often without sufficient evidence or proof; to take liberties, behave impolitely, or overstep one’s bounds, often due to arrogance or ignorance
affordable	adj: not expensive and able to pay
acknowledge	v: to accept or admit the existence, reality, or truth of something; to accept that someone or something has a particular authority or quality; to express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for someone’s help, commitment, etc.;
conserve	v: to protect something, especially the natural environment or culture, from change, damage, or destruction
pollute	v: to make an area or substance, such as land, air, water, etc., dirty or harmful to living things by adding waste matter or harmful chemicals
forecast	n: a prediction or statement about how something, such as the weather, will develop or what will happen in the future; (verb) to predict the future in advance
emerging	adj: starting to exist, mature, or become well-known
useless	adj: not serving any useful purpose; having no practical result
accuracy	n: the state or degree of being exact or correct; the ability to perform something with proficiency and without mistake
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
estimate	v: to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something
outdated	adj: no longer useful or valid because of being old-fashioned
climate	n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period
crisis	n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken
flood	n: a large amount of water flowing beyond its normal limits; an overwhelming number or amount
reservoir	n: a natural or artificial lake used to store water for community use; a large or extra supply of something
subaverage	adj: below the average or standard level of performance or ability; less than what is considered to be normal or satisfactory
rainfall	n: the amount of rain that falls in a specific location at a particular moment
tab	n: a small flap or strip of material attached to or projecting from something; the key on a typewriter or a word processor that causes a tabulation; a bill
predict	v: to state beforehand that something will happen in the future, mainly based on knowledge or experience
severe	adj: extremely serious or bad in feeling, manner, or strict and harsh; extremely strong or vigorous
pinpoint	v: to locate or identify the exact position in space or time of something
aspect	n: one part or feature of a situation, problem, subject, etc.
cycle	n: an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; a bicycle or motorcycle
accelerate	v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly
warn	v: to make someone aware of potential danger or difficulty, particularly one that may occur in the future
rev	n: a measure of the rate at which an engine or motor rotates, often expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM); (verb) to increase the number of rotations per minute
emergency	n: a sudden unforeseen crisis usually involving danger that requires immediate action
uncertain	adj: not being sure of something; not being able to choose
contaminate	v: to make something impure, unclean, or poisonous by contact or mixture
dilution	n: the process of making something weaker, less concentrated, or less potent by adding or mixing in other substances; the act of reducing the strength or impact of an idea, principle, or tradition
pollution	n: the introduction of harmful substances or waste into the natural environment that causes adverse change
mercury	n: a heavy, silvery-white metal that is liquid at room temperature and is used in thermometers, electrical equipment, and other devices; (Mercury) the smallest planet and the nearest to the sun
dilute	v: to make a substance less concentrated by adding a liquid or another substance to it
organization	n: a group of people who work together for a shared purpose
foresee	v: to perceive or predict; to anticipate or expect something to happen in the future
groundwater	n: water that is present beneath the surface of the ground, especially in soil or in pores and crevices in rock
stream	n: a small, narrow river; a continuous flow of something, such as liquid, gas, people, vehicles, etc.
toxic	adj: of or relating to or caused by a poison; poisonous
abundant	adj: present in great quantity
consistent	adj: always behaving or happening in the same way, or having the same thoughts, standards, etc.
invest	v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
strategy	n: a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall goal.
jet	n: a type of aircraft that is powered by one or more jet engines and can fly at high speeds, typically over long distances
fuel	n: a substance that is typically burned to generate heat or energy
emission	n: the act of production or sending out gas, heat, light, etc.
enormous	adj: extremely large or great
defend	v: to protect someone or something from attack, criticism, danger, etc.
consume	v: to spend something, especially fuel, energy, or time, in a large amount
mandate	n: an official or authoritative instruction or command; a commission or authority to carry out a particular task
firefight	n: a struggle to extinguish a fire; a military engagement in which small arms and other weapons are used
foam	n: a mass of small air bubbles formed on the surface of a liquid; a substance that forms a lather when mixed with water
chemical	adj: relating to or connected with chemistry;
military	adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare
cancer	n: abnormal growth of cells that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs; a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
defect	n: an imperfection, shortcoming, or lack of something or someone
pervasive	adj: spreading or existing throughout every part of a thing or place
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
contamination	n: the presence of something harmful or unwanted in a substance, material, or environment; the act of introducing harmful substances or materials into an environment or area
liable	adj: having legal responsibility for something or someone
underway	adj: having started and currently in progress
phase	n: any stage in a series of events, change, or development
embrace	v: to accept something willingly and enthusiastically; (noun) the act of clasping another person in the arms as in greeting or affection
alternative	n: one of two or more available possibilities or choice
molecule	n: a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds
consequence	n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
erode	v: to gradually wear away or break down (rock, soil, or other material) through the action of wind, water, or other natural agents; to gradually weaken or undermine (something) over time
elimination	n: the act or process of removing or getting rid of something or someone
liability	n: a legal or financial responsibility or obligation
venture	n: a business project or activity that is risky or daring
priority	n: something that is more important than other things and should be dealt with first
infrastructure	n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies
encourage	v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
doom	n: death, destruction, or some other terrible situation that cannot be avoided
balance	n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away
urgency	n: the quality of being very important and needing to be dealt with immediately
extinction	n: the complete disappearance of a species from the earth
rebellion	n: an act of violent or open resistance to an established government or ruler
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
commerce	n: the activity of buying and selling things, especially on a large scale
telegraph	n: a method of long-distance transmission of messages by electrical or radio signals
movement	n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively
coordinated	adj: effectively arranged or organized so that all the parts work smoothly or systematically together
assess	v: to judge or decide the nature or quality of someone or something
discovery	n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known
implement	v: to put a decision, plan, or system into effect
detect	v: to find or recognize something, especially something difficult to see, hear, etc.
chain	n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle
precise	adj: sharply exact or accurate or delimited
insure	v: to provide coverage in the event of loss or damage
investor	n: someone who puts money or capital into something to gain financial returns
capitalism	n: an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit
portfolio	n: a collection of work, documents, or other materials that demonstrate a person’s skills, qualifications, or achievements; a collection of investments held by a person or organization
dedicate	v: to give all of your energy, time, etc., entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause; to set apart for a particular purpose or use
competitive	adj: involving competition or competitiveness
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
zone	n: a specific area, region, or section that is marked off or defined in some way
distress	n: a feeling of great worry, sadness, pain, or discomfort
staggering	adj: so shocking as to stun or overwhelm
crucial	adj: extremely vital or necessary
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
lever	n: a handle used to operate a vehicle or a machine; a rigid bar resting on a pivot so that one end of it can be pushed or pulled easily
permanent	adj: lasting for a long time without essential change
conservation	n: the protection of something important, such as the natural environment or artificial structures, especially from the damaging effects of human activity
easement	n: a legal right to use or access another person’s property, typically for a specific purpose or activity, such as walking across a neighbor’s land to access a nearby park
assign	v: to give a specific job or piece of work to a someone
perpetual	adj: continuing for an extended period in the same way without stopping or being interrupted
specific	adj: clearly defined or particular to a certain thing or situation; distinct, explicit, and precise
reward	n: a thing given in acknowledgment of service, hard work, achievement, etc.
substantial	adj: fairly large in size, value, or importance
discount	n: a reduction in the original price of an item, product, or service; a deduction from the usual cost or value of something; (verb) to disregard or minimize the importance of something; to offer a lower price for a product or service than its original price
property	n: a thing or things that belong to someone
intention	n: something you want to do and are going to do
mere	adj: used to emphasize how insignificant or minor someone or something is
evasion	n: the act of avoiding or escaping from someone or something, such as an opponent, a pursuer, or an unpleasant situation
anticipate	v: to expect or predict that something will happen; to tell in advance
ingrained	adj: deeply rooted in someone’s mind or behavior; difficult to change due to being established for a long time
corporate	adj: of or relating to a large company
accustomed	adj: familiar with; used to; in the habit of; having become habituated to something, often a behavior or situation
undermine	v: to make someone or something less powerful, less effective, weaker gradually; to make someone’s fame, confidence, or authority less effective or weaker gradually
ripe	adj: (of fruit or crops) fully developed and ready to be eaten or harvested
reclamation	n: the process of restoring or reclaiming something, particularly land or resources that have been damaged or depleted; the act of obtaining or recovering something that was lost or taken away
ambitious	adj: having a great desire to attain achievement, power, or wealth
fundamental	adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected
sponsor	v: to provide funds for a particular event, program, individual, etc. as a way of advertising
conflict	n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals
settle	v: to reach an agreement of disagreement
taxpayer	n: a person who pays taxes to the government
odds	n: the degree or probability that a particular thing will or will not happen
planet	n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star
survival	n: the state of continuing to exist or live, frequently in the face of difficulty or danger
similarly	adv: in almost the same way
agriculture	n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock
subsidy	n: money paid by a government or an organization as part of the cost of something to aid or encourage it to happen
stabilize	v: to become or cause to become steady or unlikely to give way
responsible	adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management
fertilizer	n: a natural or chemical substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully
pesticide	n: a substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest
runoff	n: the occurrence of surplus liquid such as water that exceeds the limit or capacity; another competition, election, race, etc., following a tie or inconclusive outcome
restructure	v: to organize a company, business, or system in a new and different way to make it work more effectively
efficiency	n: the state or quality of doing something well with no waste of input such as time or money
fin	n: a thin flat part on the body of a fish or other aquatic animal used for propulsion or balance
progression	n: the act or process of changing to the next stage or phase or moving forward
unwilling	adj: not ready or wanting to do something
confront	v: to face, meet or deal with a problem or difficult situation or person
suppress	v: to bring something under control by force or authority; to put an end by force
innovation	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation
discourage	v: to make someone lose confidence, enthusiasm, or less willing to do something
transparency	n: the condition or quality of being easy to see through