Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (132 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Advanced Words (50 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
dinosaur | n: a large extinct reptile, often with an armored back, long neck, tail, and bony plates on the skin | |
extinct | adj: no longer in existence | |
mystery | n: something difficult to understand or explain; a secret or enigmatic quality that adds to the fascination or interest of something; a genre of fiction that involves the solution of a crime or a puzzle | |
evolutionary | adj: relating to or denoting how living things develop or change from earlier forms | |
biology | n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things | |
dominance | n: the state or quality of being the most powerful or influential person or group | |
amazing | adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire | |
ridiculous | adj: very silly or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at | |
spike | n: a narrow, thin, pointed piece of metal, wood, etc.; a sudden large increase in the magnitude or concentration of something | |
internal | adj: of or relating to the inside of something | |
anatomy | n: the scientific study that deals with the physical structure of humans, animals, or plants | |
colleague | n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business | |
lung | n: either of the two organs in the chest that people and some animals use for breathing | |
paleontology | n: the study of fossils and the history of life on Earth | |
comparative | adj: relating to the comparison of different things or groups; denoting a degree of difference or comparison between two or more things; characterized by comparison or contrast | |
planet | n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
harsh | adj: severe and unkind; extremely tough and unpleasant to inhabit | |
landscape | n: an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view; a large area of land, especially in the country and relating to its appearance | |
fern | n: a non-flowering plant with long, feathery fronds that reproduce by spores rather than seeds | |
lizard | n: a reptile that has a relatively long body, two pairs of legs, and a tapering tail | |
mammal | n: any animal of which the female gives birth to live young, not eggs, and feeds her young on milk from her own body | |
insect | n: any small creature that has six legs and a body divided into three sections | |
carnivorous | adj: feeding on the flesh of other animals | |
herbivorous | adj: describing animals that primarily eat plants; feeding primarily on vegetables | |
reptile | n: a cold-blooded animal that has dry, scaly skin and lays eggs on land, such as snakes, lizards, and turtles | |
compete | v: to strive to achieve more success than someone or something | |
oxygen | n: the chemical element with the symbol O that is present in air and water and is necessary for people, animals, and plants to live | |
estimate | v: to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something | |
crucial | adj: extremely vital or necessary | |
survive | v: to live or exist despite a dangerous event or period | |
thrive | v: to grow vigorously; to make steady progress | |
diversify | v: to make something include more different types or things; to spread out activities or investments | |
fossilized | adj: transformed into a fossil (= something preserved in rock for a very long period) or preserved in the form of a fossil; antiquated or inflexible | |
skeleton | n: the structure of bones in a human or animal body, or a framework of bones or other material that supports a plant | |
extant | adj: still in existence; surviving or currently present | |
phylogenetics | n: the study of the evolutionary relationships and history of organisms based on comparisons of their genetic sequences and other biological characteristics | |
bracket | n: projecting support or fixture used to attach or bear weight; a small shelf or ledge; a punctuation mark ( [ ] ) used to enclose words, numbers, or symbols | |
fancy | v: to want to do or have something; (noun) something that many people believe but that is false, or that does not exist; imagination or fantasy | |
specifically | adv: only associated with or meant for one thing | |
descendant | n: children or offspring of a specific person, plant, or animal | |
crocodile | n: a large, carnivorous reptile with powerful jaws and a long, scaly body; native to tropical regions and often found in rivers and freshwater habitats | |
relative | adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else | |
cousin | n: the child of your aunt or uncle | |
anatomical | adj: of or relating to the structure of the body and its parts | |
fossil | n: any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing that has become hard and turned into rock | |
reconstruct | v: to build or form something again that has been damaged or destroyed | |
specific | adj: clearly defined or particular to a certain thing or situation; distinct, explicit, and precise | |
instance | n: a particular example or single occurrence of something | |
resemble | v: to look like or be similar to someone or something | |
modern | adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times | |
blueprint | n: a photographic print of an early plan for a building or machine | |
mammalian | adj: of or relating to mammals, a class of warm-blooded vertebrate animals that typically nurse their young and have hair or fur on their skin; characterized by mammalian qualities, such as nurturing and protective behavior | |
reintroduce | v: to bring back something that has been previously abolished or discontinued | |
launch | v: to send or propel something into the air or space using a device such as a rocket, missile, or spacecraft; to make something available or on sale for the first time | |
cavity | n: an empty space or hollowness within a solid object, especially within the body, such as a tooth or bone; a hole or depression in a surface or the ground | |
visualize | v: to form a mental image or concept of something; to make something visible | |
ribcage | n: the bony structure in the chest that protects the heart and lungs, composed of twelve pairs of curved bones called ribs that are joined to the spine in the back and the breastbone (sternum) in the front | |
spinal | adj: of or relating to the spine (= the long bone in the body’s back) | |
vertebra | n: a bone in the spine, or the spinal column forming the supporting structure of the spine and protecting the spinal cord | |
column | n: one of the vertical blocks that split content on a page or screen from top to bottom; an upright pillar that often supports an arch, entablature, or other structure or stands alone as a monument | |
horizontal | adj: parallel to the ground or in a baseline; being at the same level as all members of a group | |
imaginary | adj: existing only in someone’s mind | |
thorax | n: the part of an insect’s body that bears the wings and legs, located between the head and the abdomen | |
ceiling | n: a room’s top interior surface | |
rib | n: each of a series of curved bones that are connected to the spine and surround the chest; (adjective) subject to laughter or ridicule | |
interface | n: (computer science) a program that controls a display for the user and that allows the user to interact with the system; (chemistry) a surface forming a common boundary between two things | |
giant | adj: enormous; much bigger or more important than similar items usually are | |
inflate | v: to fill something with air or gas so that it becomes bigger and rounder | |
expand | v: to increase or to make something greater in size, number, or importance | |
inhale | v: to breathe in air or a different substance, such as smoke | |
contract | n: a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, setting out their rights and obligations to each other, typically in writing and enforceable by law | |
exhale | v: to breathe out air or vapor from the lungs or mouth; to release or emit something slowly or gently | |
branch | n: a division of a tree or woody shrub that grows out from the trunk or a main stem; a division of some larger or more complex organization | |
tube | n: a cylindrical container of metal, plastic, glass, etc., usually sealed and used as a means of preserving food or chemicals; a hollow cylindrical shape | |
bronchus | n: (in the plural, “bronchi”) either of the two main branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs and distribute air to the bronchioles and alveoli | |
ultimate | adj: furthest or highest in degree or order | |
alveolus | n: (in the plural, “alveoli”) a small, hollow cavity, pit, or socket; the small sacs in the lungs, where gas exchange with the blood occurs | |
membrane | n: a soft, thin layer that forms animal or vegetable tissue | |
bloodstream | n: the blood flowing through the body | |
diffusion | n: a spreading motion in multiple directions | |
critic | n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc. | |
respiratory | adj: relating to the organs and processes involved in breathing, such as the lungs and the act of inhaling and exhaling air | |
process | n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products | |
barrier | n: a fence or other obstruction that makes it hard to move or get in; any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective | |
crazy | adj: stupid or not sensible; very angry | |
immobilize | v: to render someone or something unable to move or function normally; to restrain, inhibit, or stop | |
dense | adj: containing a large number of people or something with little space between them | |
sponge | n: a soft material with many microscopic pores that can absorb a large amount of liquid and is used for washing and cleaning | |
inflexible | adj: not able to be changed or adapted; rigid or unyielding | |
directional | adj: relating to or indicating orientation; having a certain course; related to the management or control of an organization in a particular direction | |
ventilate | v: to supply fresh air to a room, building, etc.; to remove stale air from it | |
flexible | adj: able to change or be changed to suit new conditions or situations; able to bend easily | |
structure | n: the way of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts, or a complex thing constructed of many parts | |
sac | n: a bag or pouch, typically made of fabric or leather, used to hold something valuable or important; a structure resembling a bag in an animal or plant | |
setup | n: the arrangement or organization of something, often with a specific purpose or intention; a scheme or plan that is intended to deceive or trick someone | |
extension | n: a thing that is added to something to make it longer, larger, or wider; an educational opportunity provided by colleges and universities to people who are not enrolled as regular students; an additional telephone set that is connected to the same telephone line | |
invade | v: to enter aggressively into another’s territory by military force for conquest and occupation | |
skeletal | adj: of, relating to, or forming a skeleton (= frame of bones); very thin or emaciated | |
tissue | n: an ensemble of similar cells of the animal or plant that together carry out a specific function | |
pneumatic | adj: relating to or using air or gas under pressure, particularly in machinery or devices; operated by compressed air or gas | |
clue | n: an object, a piece of evidence, or some information that helps someone to find the answer to a problem, question, or mystery | |
hunt | v: to go after and try to catch wild animals to kill them for food, sport, or profit | |
trait | n: a particular feature of your nature | |
indicate | v: to show, point out, or make known something, often through a sign or a symbol; to suggest or imply something without stating it directly | |
anchor | n: a device, typically made of metal, that is used to moor a ship or boat in a particular place, typically by being dropped to the seabed; a central cohesive source of support and stability | |
facilitate | v: to make something easier or more likely to happen | |
evolution | n: a gradual process of transformation of living things | |
diffuse | adj: spread out widely; not concentrated in one place | |
immobility | n: the state of being unable to move; the quality of being unable to be moved or changed easily | |
permit | v: to allow for something to happen or be done; (noun) the act of giving a formal, usually written, authorization | |
rupture | n: a break or tear in something, especially a bodily tissue or a physical object | |
enhance | v: to increase or improve the quality, amount, or strength of someone or something | |
respiration | n: the process of inhaling and exhaling air to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment; the total of the physiological processes by which living organisms metabolize oxygen and release carbon dioxide | |
equip | v: to provide a person or a place with the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity | |
sauropod | n: a large, long-necked dinosaur that was dominant during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods, characterized by its massive sizes and quadrupedal stances, such as Brachiosaurus, Apatosaurus, and Diplodocus | |
theropod | n: a type of carnivorous dinosaur that existed during the Mesozoic Era and is characterized by having three-toed limbs, a stiff tail, and sharp teeth, such as the Tyrannosaurus and Velociraptor | |
predatory | adj: living by eating other animals, especially by catching prey that is still alive | |
hollow | adj: having a hole, empty space inside, or indentation on the surface | |
rigid | adj: extremely strict and difficult to change or adapt; incapable of or resistant to bending | |
framework | n: the structural components of a building or object that support its weight and give it form; the underlying structure of a system, concept, or text | |
delicate | adj: very fine, subtle, and pleasing; easily broken or damaged or destroyed | |
straitjacket | n: a garment or device designed to restrain a person’s arms and body, typically used in psychiatric or medical settings to prevent a patient from harming themselves or others | |
evolve | v: to develop gradually, or to cause the development of something or someone gradually | |
hypoxic | adj: relating to or characterized by a deficiency of oxygen, particularly in the body’s tissues or organs | |
atmosphere | n: the mass of air that surrounds the Earth; the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or creative work | |
adaptive | adj: capable of adjusting to new situations or changing conditions | |
advantage | n: a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position; a beneficial feature or asset that someone or something has | |
adapt | v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment | |
launch-pad | n: a platform or structure designed to support and launch a rocket or other spacecraft into space | |
hypothesis | n: a proposed idea or explanation that is based on a few known facts but has not yet been proven to be true or accurate | |
diversification | n: the act of expanding a business or portfolio by adding new products, services, or investments to reduce risk and increase profitability |