Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (139 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (30 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
rub	v: to move one’s hand or an object over the surface of something with pressure
ridiculous	adj: very silly or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at
tribology	n: the study of the properties and behavior of surfaces in relative motion, including friction, lubrication, wear, and adhesion
ancient	adj: relating to the long ago, particularly the historical period preceding the fall of the Western Roman Empire; very old
discovery	n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known
amazing	adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire
combination	n: a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
span	n: the entire length of something, such as time or space from beginning to end; the amount of space that something covers
lens	n: a transparent optical device with curved sides, used in an optical instrument that makes objects seem larger, smaller, clearer, etc.; (metaphor) the basic thoughts or mindsets through which someone sees or understands the environment or situation
alleviate	v: to make something, usually pain, distress, or problem, less severe or intense; to ease or lighten a burden
friction	n: the force that opposes motion between two objects in contact, especially by producing heat and wear, and is proportional to the normal force between the objects
lubricate	v: to apply a substance, such as oil or grease, to reduce friction or wear on a surface
resist	v: to refuse to accept something and attempt to prevent it from happening
oppose	v: to be against or in conflict with something or someone; to resist or to try to prevent something from happening
transfer	v: to move, pass, or change from one person, place, or situation to another
replace	v: to take the place of something
eventually	adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on
disappear	v: to cease to exist or be visible
loosen	v: to make something less tight, firm, or fixed; to free from restraint or constraint; to relax
stubborn	adj: refusing to change one’s mind or behavior despite persuasion or evidence to the contrary; unyielding; difficult to move or change
rust	n: a reddish-brown coating or corrosion layer that forms on iron or steel as a result of exposure to moisture and oxygen; the process of corrosion on metal caused by oxidation
bolt	n: a metal bar that slides across to lock a door or window closed; a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder; (verb) to move or jump suddenly
budge	v: to move or shift slightly, particularly with effort or resistance; to make or cause a slight change in something
define	v: to state or explain precisely the nature, scope, or meaning of something
interact	v: to communicate or react with somebody
relative	adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else
wiggle	v: to move or cause to move up and down or from side to side in short and quick movements
shifting	adj: constantly changing or moving
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
involve	v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else
interaction	n: the act of connecting with someone, mainly when working, playing, or spending time with them
silk	n: a fine, strong, soft, lustrous fiber produced by silkworms in making cocoons and collected to make thread and fabric
squirm	v: to twist, wiggle, or contort the body uncomfortably or awkwardly, often due to embarrassment, discomfort, or nervousness
wool	n: a textile fiber obtained from the fleece of sheep or certain other animals, used for making clothing and other fabric items
ankle	n: the part or joint connecting the foot to the leg
joint	adj: shared, held, or made between two or more people; (noun) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton
crack	v: to break or cause to break without dividing into separate parts; (noun) a line on the surface of something along which it has separated without breaking
fluid	n: a substance that can flow and is not solid
essentially	adv: relating to the essential features or concepts of anything
release	v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement
bubble	n: a thin, round, and often transparent mass of gas that is surrounded by a thin layer of liquid; a state of economic or social prosperity that is unsustainable and eventually collapses
tendon	n: a strong, fibrous cord of tissue that connects muscle to bone
fellow	adj: someone who has the same job or interests as you, or is in the same class, profession, or situation as you
suddenly	adv: quickly and unexpectedly
ballerina	n: a female ballet (= a type of performance dance that tells a dramatic story or expresses an idea with music but no talking or singing) dancer
slippery	adj: difficult to hold firmly or stand on because it is wet or smooth; not to be trusted
rosin	n: a solid form of resin that is obtained from conifers and is used to make varnishes, adhesives, and other products; a sticky substance used on the bows of stringed instruments to improve the grip on the strings
sap	v: to gradually weaken or drain strength, energy, or resources; to undermine or impair someone’s confidence or morale
powder	n: a dry and fine substance that consists of very small, loose particles
scenario	n: a description of possible actions or events in the future; a written outline of a play, film, or literary work
clumsy	adj: lacking in grace or skill; awkward; cumbersome
injury	n: harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body caused by an accident or an attack
optimize	v: to make the best or most effective use of something
manipulate	v: to influence or control something or someone to your advantage, often in an unfair or dishonest way
destine	v: to determine or set the course of something in advance, often in a way that seems predetermined or inevitable; to specify or choose someone or something for a particular fate or outcome
crayon	n: a stick of colored wax, charcoal, chalk, or other material used for drawing or coloring; (verb) to draw or color with crayons, which are sticks of colored wax, chalk, or charcoal used for drawing or coloring
frequent	adj: happening constantly
entice	v: to attract or lure someone with something desirable or tempting
shiny	adj: reflecting light and having a bright and smooth surface
wax	n: a substance that is solid at room temperature but becomes softer and more pliable when heated, often used in the production of candles, polishes, and cosmetics; (verb) to become large
slide	v: to move or cause to move smoothly along a surface without interruption
barefoot	adj: without shoes or other foot coverings; wearing nothing on the feet
toothpaste	n: a paste or gel used for cleaning the teeth and freshening the breath
toothbrush	n: a small brush with a handle used for cleaning the teeth
plaque	n: a flat, often rectangular, piece of metal, wood, or other material, inscribed or carved with commemorative text or designs and used as a decoration or award; a soft, sticky film of bacteria that coats teeth and can cause tooth decay
dentist	n: a person who is qualified and licensed to treat people’s teeth
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
investigate	v: to conduct a systematic or formal inquiry to identify and evaluate the facts of a crime, problem, statement, etc. to establish the truth
removal	n: the act of taking something away or off from a particular place
incredibly	adv: in a way that is very difficult to believe; exceedingly or extremely
complexity	n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand
gum	n: a soft, sticky substance that is chewed to freshen the breath or to clean the teeth; the flesh that surrounds the teeth in the mouth
saliva	n: the clear liquid that is secreted into the mouth by glands in the walls of the mouth and throat, helping to lubricate food during chewing and digestion
dynamics	n: the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces, including the particular case in which a body remains at rest; forces that produce or stimulate movement, growth, or change
diamond	n: a precious stone made from pure carbon, typically transparent and colorless but possibly tinted in various colors; a shape or arrangement resembling the geometric form of a diamond
probable	adj: likely to happen or likely to be true
balance	n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away
dam	n: a wall constructed over a river to block the flow of water, mainly used to generate energy
routine	n: a usual or habitual way of doing things; a set sequence of steps, part of a larger computer program
tongue	n: a moveable mass of muscle tissue covered with mucous membrane that is in the mouth; a language
influence	n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself
recall	v: to remember something
lubricity	n: the quality of being slippery, smooth, or polished; moral or ethical looseness or indulgence; sexual desire or lasciviousness
coefficient	n: a numerical measure of a specific property or characteristic of a substance or system that is used in mathematical equations or formulas to predict behavior or outcomes; a factor that expresses the change in one variable per unit change in another variable
quantity	n: the amount or number of something; magnitude
colleague	n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business
lab	n: a workplace for the conduct of scientific research; a laboratory
basis	n: the most important facts, ideas, or events from which something is developed; the way how things are organized or arranged
pet	n: an animal that you have at home as a companion and treated kindly
periodontal	adj: relating to the supporting structures of teeth, such as the gums, bone, and connective tissue
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
incorporate	v: to include something as a part of a larger entity
observe	v: to watch or notice something carefully, often to gather information or insights; to take note of something or someone; to celebrate or commemorate a special event or occasion
magical	adj: produced by or containing supernatural powers
bench	n: a long, flat surface, often elevated and supported by legs, used for sitting, working, or displaying objects; persons who administer justice
mimic	v: to imitate someone’s speech, movement, or behavior, especially to make others laugh
locate	v: to specify or determine the exact position of someone or something
hood	n: a covering for the head and neck, especially one attached to a garment
maintenance	n: the act or process of keeping something, either artificial materials or living things, in good condition; the money needed for a person’s or family’s living expenses
tire	v: to become weary or fatigued, often due to physical or mental exertion; to cause someone to feel weary or fatigued; (noun) a rubber covering that is placed around the rim of a wheel, which provides traction and absorbs shock while driving
recommend	v: to suggest that someone or something would be a suitable fit for a particular purpose or role
regularly	adv: at regular intervals or times
tread	v: to step or walk on something
monitor	v: to observe, check, and track the progress or quality of something over a period of time
arrival	n: the act or situation of coming or being brought to a place; accomplishment of an objective
accident	n: an unfortunate event, especially one causing damage or injury
acceleration	n: a rate of increase in velocity; the rate of change of velocity with respect to time
decelerate	v: to slow down or reduce the speed of something; to decrease in speed
distance	n: the amount of space between two points, measured in units such as miles, meters, or kilometers; the extent, scope, or range between two things, such as distance or emotional distance
instinctively	adv: as a matter of nature or intuition rather than thought or training
overcome	v: to succeed in controlling or dealing with something, such as a problem or difficulty; to defeat or overwhelm someone
fuel	n: a substance that is typically burned to generate heat or energy
efficiency	n: the state or quality of doing something well with no waste of input such as time or money
internal	adj: of or relating to the inside of something
combustion	n: the act or process of burning something
engine	n: a machine that converts thermal energy to mechanical work; something that has an important role used to achieve a purpose
emission	n: the act of production or sending out gas, heat, light, etc.
consumption	n: the amount used or eaten; the act of using up a resource such as energy, food, or materials
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
identify	v: to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are
quad	n: (short for quadrangle) a square or rectangular open area or courtyard, often surrounded by buildings or used for recreational or social purposes
perspective	n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something
roughly	adv: approximately but not precisely; with a violent manner
equivalent	n: having the same value, quality, meaning, purpose, etc.
barrel	n: a large round container made of wood, metal, or plastic, with flat ends and, usually, curved sides; one of several units of volume
novel	n: an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story; (adjective) original and of a kind not seen before
component	n: one of several parts that combines with others to form something bigger
turbine	n: a machine that rotates to generate power from fluids such as water or gas
efficient	adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials
reliable	adj: worthy of being relied on; trustworthy
rev	n: a measure of the rate at which an engine or motor rotates, often expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM); (verb) to increase the number of rotations per minute
aerospace	adj: pertaining to the design, engineering, science, and technology related to the Earth’s atmosphere and the exploration or use of space beyond it
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
opposing	adj: competing, fighting, or working against each other
actuate	v: to cause a machine or equipment to start to work
weigh	v: to have a particular weight; to carefully evaluate things before making a conclusion
manufacture	v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines
encourage	v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
improve	v: to make or become better