Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (338 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (86 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
colleague	n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business
exposed	adj: having no protection or shield from something, such as bad weather, attack, or criticism
misdeed	n: an act that is thought to be wrong or illegal; a wrongful or illegal action
corporation	n: a large company or group of companies that are controlled together by law as a single unit
injury	n: harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body caused by an accident or an attack
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
dam	n: a wall constructed over a river to block the flow of water, mainly used to generate energy
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
incident	n: an event or occurrence, often unexpected or unplanned; something that happens
exposure	n: the state of being in a particular situation or place where there is no protection from or guarantee to something harmful; the disclosure of something secret
congressional	adj: of or relating to Congress, especially to the Congress of the United States
mandate	n: an official or authoritative instruction or command; a commission or authority to carry out a particular task
devastation	n: the act of causing great destruction or damage, often on a large scale
trauma	n: an emotional wound or shock often has long-lasting effects caused by a highly upsetting or shocking experience
automobile	n: a road vehicle that has four wheels and is powered by an engine, used for transporting people or goods
pharmaceutical	adj: relating to the production and selling of the medical drugs
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
modest	adj: having or showing a humble estimate of one’s merits, importance, etc.; free from vanity, egotism, boastfulness, or great pretensions
contribution	n: the act of giving something, especially money, to a particular cause or organization; a voluntary gift as of money or service or ideas made to some worthwhile cause
politician	n: a person who is a member of a government or law-making organization, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc.
overlook	v: to fail to notice something; to watch over someone; to provide a view from above
amazing	adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire
advance	v: to go or move forward; to develop in a positive way
blessing	n: a gift or favor from a higher power or force; an act or expression of approval, encouragement, or gratitude; something that brings happiness or good fortune
democracy	n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
expand	v: to increase or to make something greater in size, number, or importance
sentimental	adj: connected with or resulting from someone’s emotions, rather than reason or realism
movement	n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively
enlist	v: to sign up to serve in the military or a particular organization
achieve	v: to successfully complete a task or goal, often through hard work, perseverance, and dedication; to attain or accomplish something that one has set out to do
reform	n: the act of improving or correcting something that is wrong or bad; a change made to correct a flaw or problem
redirect	v: to change the direction or course of something; to send in a different direction
peak	n: the point to which something or someone is at its strongest, best, or most successful; the pointed top of a mountain
engage	v: to attract and keep someone’s attention and interest; to participate in or obtain services of something
exceed	v: to surpass or go beyond a limit, expectation, or requirement; to be better or greater than anticipated or desired
citizenship	n: the status of being a member of a particular country
antislavery	adj: opposed to, or prohibiting the practice of, slavery (= the practice or system of owning, buying, and selling people as property and forcing them to work)
industrial	adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry
sector	n: a distinct part or division of something often used to refer to a segment of an economy or industry; an area or field of work or activity
regulation	n: an official rule made and maintained by a government or some other authority; the act of controlling or directing something according to a rule
railroad	n: metal tracks laid with rails on which trains run; a system of tracks with the trains operated by an organization
manufacture	v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines
labor	n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal
improve	v: to make or become better
elector	n: a person who has the right to vote in an election
arena	n: a large, flat area, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theatre, musical performances, or sporting events
adopt	v: to choose to follow something; to legally take a child from another family and care for them as if they were one’s own
progressive	adj: relating to or supporting development or advancement, especially social or political one
wage	n: a particular amount of money that somebody earns, usually every week or every month, for work or services
unemployed	adj: not having a job, although able to work
compensation	n: something especially money, given or received as payment or reparation for a service or loss or injury
liberty	n: the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one’s way of life, behavior, or political views
nuclear	adj: of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy
treaty	n: a formal agreement or pact between two or more countries or other international entities
consume	v: to spend something, especially fuel, energy, or time, in a large amount
triumph	n: a great victory or achievement
spark	v: to start something or make it grow, especially suddenly; to emit a tiny piece of fire or electricity
advocate	n: a person who supports or suggests an idea, development, or way of doing something
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
elect	v: to choose someone for a specific position by voting for them; to decide or choose to do something
persistent	adj: continuing firmly or obstinately in the course of action despite difficulty or opposition; lasting or enduring without fading or being lost over time
civic	adj: of or relating to a town, city, or the people who live in it
instructive	adj: serving to provide knowledge or information; tending to instruct or educate
senator	n: a member of a legislative body, especially a member of the U.S. Senate
justice	n: the quality of being fair and reasonable and treating people equally according to their due
industrialize	v: to organize the production of something into an industry
sibling	n: a brother or sister; member of a family born to the same parents
bakery	n: a place where bread and other baked goods are made and sold
delicatessen	n: a shop or restaurant that specializes in offering high-quality, ready-to-eat cuisine or food products, such as cheese, cured meat, salads, and sandwiches
mad	adj: insane, especially due to a mental illness; very angry
wade	v: to walk through water that is not deep enough to swim in; to struggle or proceed slowly and laboriously through something, such as a difficult situation or a crowd of people
dump	v: to deposit or dispose of something, such as trash, waste, etc., carelessly or hurriedly
toxic	adj: of or relating to or caused by a poison; poisonous
chemical	adj: relating to or connected with chemistry;
pollutant	n: a substance or agent that pollutes or contaminates the environment, typically through release into the air, water, or soil
belong	v: to be the property of someone or something; to be a member or part of a group; to be in the proper or appropriate place
profitable	adj: making or likely to make material gain or profit
pursue	v: to do something or attempt to attain something over time; to follow or seek someone or something, especially in trying to catch them
norm	n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard
flood	n: a large amount of water flowing beyond its normal limits; an overwhelming number or amount
pollution	n: the introduction of harmful substances or waste into the natural environment that causes adverse change
observation	n: the act or activity of carefully examining or monitoring something or someone
sewer	n: an underground system of pipes used to carry away sewage and wastewater
straight	adj: extending or moving in one direction without bending or curving; having no deviations
grade	n: a particular level of quality, size, importance, etc.
graduate	n: a person who has a first degree from university or college; (verb) to complete the first course of university or college and get a degree
conservationist	n: a person who advocates or acts to protect and preserve the environment and wildlife
origin	n: the first existence or beginning of something
sanitation	n: the process of maintaining a clean and hygienic environment, particularly in public health and safety contexts; the practice of disposing of waste products in a safe and appropriate manner
silent	adj: without any or little sound
engagement	n: a mutual promise to marry someone; an agreement to do something, especially at a particular time
seize	v: to catch or take hold of someone or something suddenly and forcibly; to capture the attention or imagination of something
lawmaker	n: a politician or legislator who is responsible for making and changing laws
lobby	n: a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and wait; a group of people who try to persuade a politician, the government, or an official group to influence legislation
congress	n: a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups
asbestos	n: a set of naturally occurring fibrous minerals that were previously used in various building materials, including insulation, roofing, and fireproofing, but later found to be carcinogenic and cause respiratory diseases
lung	n: either of the two organs in the chest that people and some animals use for breathing
enforcement	n: the act of ensuring that rules, regulations, or laws are obeyed or implemented; the act of applying force or pressure to compel compliance with rules or laws
lifesaving	n: the act or process of rescuing someone else’s life, especially from drowning
trump	n: a playing card with a picture of a trumpeter on it, used in certain card games
dismantle	v: to take apart or demolish (a structure, machine, system, or the like); to strip off fittings or equipment
wholesale	n: the sale of goods in large quantities, typically for resale by retailers; of or relating to goods or services that are sold in large quantities, typically for resale by retailers or other intermediaries
roll	v: to move in a particular direction by turning over and over or from side to side
peril	n: serious and great danger or risk
immediate	adj: happening or done without delay or occurring shortly after something else
resurgent	adj: rising again; becoming active or strong again
permanent	adj: lasting for a long time without essential change
victory	n: success in a game, competition, election, or battle, or the knowledge that you have won
defend	v: to protect someone or something from attack, criticism, danger, etc.
highway	n: a main road, especially one connecting major towns or cities
collision	n: an instance of two or more objects or entities crashing into each other, usually resulting in damage, impact, or conflict
blame	v: to think or say that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad
derision	n: contemptuous ridicule or mockery
responsible	adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management
diminish	v: to reduce or be reduced in size, extent, or importance; to make something smaller, weaker, etc.
severity	n: the quality or condition of being severe, strict, or harsh
belt	v: to sing loudly and forcefully; to hit someone or something hard; (noun) a strip of leather or other material worn to tie or buckle something around the body
panel	n: a square or rectangular and flat piece of something that forms a distinct section or component of something; a small group of specialists who discuss particular topics or give their advice or opinion about something
airbag	n: a safety device designed to inflate rapidly in the event of a collision, protecting the occupants of a vehicle and reducing the risk of injury or death
crashworthy	adj: designed to withstand an impact or collision and minimize injury or damage to people or property; able to protect occupants during a crash or collision
brake	n: a device used to slow or stop a moving vehicle, typically by applying pressure to the wheels
tire	v: to become weary or fatigued, often due to physical or mental exertion; to cause someone to feel weary or fatigued; (noun) a rubber covering that is placed around the rim of a wheel, which provides traction and absorbs shock while driving
handle	v: to deal with a situation, problem, or strong emotion
stability	n: the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast
desire	n: a strong feeling of wanting to have or do something
comparison	n: the consideration or examination of the similarities between two or more people or things
hitchhike	v: to obtain a ride in a passing vehicle by signaling to the driver or waving one’s thumb; to travel by getting a free ride in someone else’s vehicle
ghastly	adj: causing great horror or fear; shockingly unpleasant or bad
horror	n: intense fear or disgust, especially at something shocking or terrifying
impressive	adj: arousing admiration due to size, quality, or skill
automotive	adj: of or relating to motor vehicles
motor	n: a device that converts electricity, fuel, etc. into movement and makes a machine, vehicle, etc. work
drowsy	adj: feeling or showing a strong desire to sleep; causing a feeling of sleepiness or lethargy
wagon	n: a four-wheeled vehicle used for transporting goods or people, often pulled by horses, oxen, or other animals; a compartment or container used for storage or transportation, such as a shopping cart or trolley
tip	n: the top or extreme point of something slender or tapering, usually a mountain or hill; a piece of advice about something practical; a small amount of money given for services
paraplegia	n: a form of paralysis that affects all or part of the lower body, typically caused by injury to the spinal cord or nervous system
violent	adj: involving or caused by physical force or aggression against someone or something
belly	n: the front part of the body below the chest, containing the stomach and bowels; the rounded or curved part of an object, such as a ship or aircraft
industrious	adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort
cruel	adj: feeling or showing pleasure in causing pain or suffering to others
refuse	v: to show that one is not willing to do or accept something
install	v: to fix furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position so that it can be used; put into an office or a position
feat	n: a notable or impressive achievement, especially one that requires great skill or bravery
advertise	v: to draw attention to something such as a product, service, or event in public to encourage people to buy, use, or attend it
excessive	adj: greater than what seems necessary, normal, or desirable
horsepower	n: a unit of power used to measure the output of mechanical engines, specifically the amount of work that one horse can do in a set amount of time
investigate	v: to conduct a systematic or formal inquiry to identify and evaluate the facts of a crime, problem, statement, etc. to establish the truth
suppression	n: the act of stopping or preventing something from being expressed or revealed
device	n: a piece of equipment, tool, or technology that serves a particular purpose or function, often mechanical or electronic
negligent	adj: not being careful or giving enough attention to important matters
occupant	n: a person who lives or works at a particular place for a long time or who was born there
instability	n: the state of being unstable or uncertain and likely to change suddenly
keen	adj: having or showing quick and eager intelligence or interest
discredit	v: to harm the reputation or credibility of someone or something; to make something appear untrue or unreliable
testimony	n: a formal written or spoken statement that something is true, especially one given in court; something that serves as evidence
hire	v: to give somebody a job
detective	n: a person whose job it is to find out information about crimes and find out who did them
dirt	n: soil, dust, or any substance that makes a surface not clean; the part of the earth’s surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
undermine	v: to make someone or something less powerful, less effective, weaker gradually; to make someone’s fame, confidence, or authority less effective or weaker gradually
forthcoming	adj: likely to happen or be available soon
Senate	n: a legislative body, especially the upper house of a parliament
committee	n: a group of people appointed or elected to perform a specific function or manage a particular task, often within a larger organization
capitol	n: a building that houses a legislative assembly, especially the US Congress
struggle	v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction
giant	adj: enormous; much bigger or more important than similar items usually are
remarkable	adj: worthy of attention because unusual or special
president	n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc.
fuel	n: a substance that is typically burned to generate heat or energy
efficiency	n: the state or quality of doing something well with no waste of input such as time or money
avert	v: to prevent something dangerous or undesirable from happening
overwhelming	adj: very great or intense; so powerful that you cannot fight or react against it
odds	n: the degree or probability that a particular thing will or will not happen
communicate	v: to share or exchange information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals
receptive	adj: willing to listen to or accept new ideas or suggestions
regularly	adv: at regular intervals or times
unfold	v: to open up or spread out something that is folded or rolled up; to reveal or disclose something that was previously hidden or unknown
regulatory	adj: having the power to control or restrict something such as business or industry according to rules or principles
engineer	n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software
inspector	n: a person whose job is to inspect, examine, or investigate something, often on behalf of an organization or official body
physician	n: a medical doctor who practices medicine
divulge	v: to reveal or make known something that was previously secret or confidential; to disclose information that was previously concealed or hidden
crucial	adj: extremely vital or necessary
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
efficient	adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials
legislation	n: a law or a set of laws suggested and then passed by a parliament, or the act of making or enacting laws
strive	v: to try very hard to do, achieve, or obtain something
antibiotic	n: a substance or drug that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria
resistance	n: the act of defending oneself from an aggressor or refusing to accept something
criminal	n: a person who has committed a crime
climate	n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period
disrupt	v: to prevent or stop something, especially an event, activity, or process, from continuing in the usual way by causing a problem or disturbance
nanoscale	adj: on a scale that can be measured in nanometres (= one billionth of a meter); on a very small scale
radioactive	adj: emitting powerful and dangerous energy when the nuclei (= central parts) of atoms are broken up
accord	n: an official agreement or treaty between two organizations, countries, etc.; (verb) allow to have
solid	adj: hard or firm; characterized by good substantial quality
medicinal	adj: of or relating to the treatment or cure of disease
mind-boggling	adj: extremely surprising or overwhelming and, therefore, difficult to understand or imagine
climax	n: the most intense or exciting moment of an event or experience; the point of highest dramatic tension or emotional intensity in a story, plot, or performance
dramatic	adj: very sudden, very excellent, or full of action and excitement
regulate	v: to control something, especially by means of rules or laws
tobacco	n: a plant grown for its leaves, which are dried and processed for smoking or chewing or extraction of nicotine
earnest	adj: characterized by sincere and severe conviction or effort; showing a deep and a genuine sense of purpose or commitment
surgeon	n: a doctor who is trained to perform medical operations that involve cutting open a person’s body
cigarette	n: a small cylindrical roll of finely cut tobacco leaves wrapped in paper for smoking
cancer	n: abnormal growth of cells that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs; a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
relate	v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something
litigation	n: the process of resolving legal disputes through the court system
expose	v: to show something by uncovering it; to make something accessible to some action or influence
whistleblower	n: a person who reveals or reports illegal, unethical, or immoral activities, primarily in the workplace or government, that are not publicly known but harm the public interest or other people
medical	adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine
estimate	v: to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something
champion	n: someone who has won first place in a competition; someone who fights for a specific group of people or a belief
arouse	v: to awaken strong feelings or emotions in someone; to excite or inspire a physical or emotional response
smoker	n: a person who smokes tobacco regularly, or a device used for smoking
quitter	n: a person who gives up easily or does not have the determination to finish what they have started
nicotine	n: a colorless, oily, poisonous chemical compound found in tobacco leaves, which is highly addictive and acts as a stimulant, affecting the nervous system
addiction	n: the inability to stop using or doing something as a habit, especially something harmful
empower	v: to give someone the power or authority to do something
administer	v: to oversee and control the operation or arrangement of something
corporate	adj: of or relating to a large company
counterattack	n: an attack made in response to an attack by an enemy or opponent often intended to stop or oppose against it
fervor	n: intense and passionate feeling or enthusiasm for something
fade	v: to vanish; to fade away; to lose color; to lose freshness
legislature	n: a body of elected or appointed representatives who make laws for a country or state
vulnerable	adj: capable of being hurt or influenced physically or mentally
capture	v: to catch a person or an animal and confine them in an area which they cannot escape
stall	v: to stop or cause to stop making progress; (noun) small area or booth set off for the sale of goods in a market or large covered area
constant	adj: happening repeatedly or all the time
vigilance	n: the state of being watchful, alert, and attentive to potential dangers or threats; careful attention to detail and an active effort to prevent harm or damage
stamina	n: the physical or mental endurance and strength needed to sustain prolonged effort or activity; the ability to withstand fatigue, stress, or other challenges and continue functioning effectively
profit	n: money that is earned in business or by selling things after deducting the costs involved
fatigue	n: a feeling of tiredness or weariness, especially as a result of physical or mental exertion; the reduction in the strength or efficiency of a material or structure due to repeated use or stress
overcome	v: to succeed in controlling or dealing with something, such as a problem or difficulty; to defeat or overwhelm someone
voluntary	adj: done of one’s own free will; without being forced or coerced
awareness	n: the fact or state of knowing something exists and is important
renewal	n: the process of making something new or active again; the act of renewing a subscription, license, etc.
contest	n: a competition in which people compete for supremacy in a sport or other activity; a struggle between rivals
wealth	n: a large amount of money, property, or other things that someone or an organization owns
moreover	adv: indicating that what follows is an additional or supplementary point; furthermore; in addition to what has been said before
immunity	n: the ability of an organism to resist infection or disease, often due to the presence of antibodies
privilege	n: a special right or advantage that only one person or group of people has, usually because they are rich and powerful in a society
unavailable	adj: not able to be used or accessed; not present, able to be found, or able to be contacted
guilty	adj: feeling responsible for or having done something wrong or criminal
horrific	adj: causing horror or disgust; gruesome and terrifying
scandal	n: an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage
prosecution	n: the act of bringing legal charges against someone for a crime they are accused of committing; the legal team responsible for presenting the case against the defendant in a criminal trial
bankrupt	adj: unable to pay one’s debts; having been reduced to a state of financial ruin; lacking in something essential or fundamental
nest	n: a structure in which animals lay their eggs or give birth to their young
awe	n: a feeling of respect and wonder inspired by someone or something greatly admired
finance	n: the management of money, credit, banking, and investments, especially by a government or commercial organization; the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets
outnumber	v: to be more numerous or greater in number than another group or entity; to exceed in quantity or number
influence	n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself
voter	n: a person who votes or has a legal right to vote in a political election
delegate	n: a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular, an elected representative sent to a conference; (verb) to transfer power to someone
constitutional	adj: of or relating to a constitution (= the set of fundamental principles), especially of a country or government; existing as an essential characteristic
branch	n: a division of a tree or woody shrub that grows out from the trunk or a main stem; a division of some larger or more complex organization
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
override	v: to use one’s authority or power to cancel or disregard something, especially a decision or rule made by someone else
destructive	adj: causing or able to cause tremendous and irreparable damage
representative	n: someone who speaks or acts officially on behalf of another person or group of people
watchdog	n: a person or an organization that monitors or keeps a close watch on a particular activity, situation, or group, especially to ensure that the ethical or legal standards are met; a component or feature designed to monitor and ensure the proper functioning of the system
reliable	adj: worthy of being relied on; trustworthy
prompt	v: to make someone decide to or try to do something, or to make something happen
marinade	n: a liquid mixture of herbs, spices, oil, and vinegar or citrus juice used to flavor and tenderize meat or fish before cooking; a soaking or immersion in this mixture
abdicate	v: to give up, renounce, or relinquish a throne, right, or responsibility
concentration	n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else.
quote	v: to repeat or reproduce the words or statement of someone else, often acknowledging the source; to give an estimated cost or price for goods or services
fascist	adj: relating to or supporting fascism, which is a political ideology that emphasizes authoritarian government, nationalism, and suppression of political opposition and individual liberties
district	n: a part of a country or town, especially one with particular features
summon	v: to order someone to come to or be present at a specific place such as a court, or to arrange a meeting formally
legislator	n: a member of a group of people who has the power to make or enact laws
agenda	n: a list or outline of things to be done, discussed, or considered
fountainhead	n: a source or origin of something, particularly a principle, idea, or belief; the original or primary location of a water source, such as a spring or large well
elevate	v: to raise something from a lower to a higher position; to give a promotion to or assign to a higher position
possibility	n: a chance that something may happen or be true
clinic	n: a building or hospital department where people can go for medical care or advice, especially of a particular condition
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
stud	n: a small object with a head on one end and a sharp point on the other, used for fastening clothing, leather, or other materials; an animal used for breeding, typically a male horse or bull that is of superior breeding stock; (verb) to decorate or adorn with studs; to provide with studs for support
regardless	adv: not paying attention or considering something or someone even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties
label	n: a small piece of paper, fabric, or other material attached to an object and giving information about it; (verb) to assign to a category
universal	adj: existing or affecting everywhere or everyone
insure	v: to provide coverage in the event of loss or damage
fraud	n: the crime of gaining money or financial benefits by deceiving people; a person who makes deceitful pretenses
abuse	n: the use of something in an incorrect or harmful manner
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
infrastructure	n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies
subsidy	n: money paid by a government or an organization as part of the cost of something to aid or encourage it to happen
increasingly	adv: more and more
pandemic	n: an outbreak of a disease that affects many people over a very wide area
endless	adj: having no end or conclusion; infinitely very large in size or amount
aggressive	adj: behaving in an angry, energetic, or threatening way towards another person; tending to spread quickly
boomerang	n: a curved, flat wooden or metal weapon that is thrown and can return to the thrower; a plan, action, or attempt that unintentionally rebounds on the person who initiates it
candid	adj: honest, straightforward, and frank in someone’s words or actions
inhabitant	n: a person or an animal that lives in a particular place
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
encourage	v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
innovative	adj: introducing or using new methods, ideas, etc.
profession	n: an occupation or vocation requiring advanced education or specialized training
doubt	n: a feeling of being uncertain about something, especially about how good or accurate it is
judgment	n: the ability to form valuable opinions and make reasonable decisions
hesitancy	n: the state of being hesitant or unsure; a delay or reluctance to act or make a decision
melt	v: to turn from something solid into something soft or liquid as a result of heating
crucible	n: a vessel made of ceramic, metal, or other materials used for melting or fusing substances at high temperatures; a difficult or trying experience that tests one’s character or resilience
argument	n: a set of statements or reasons used to support or refute a proposition or theory; a verbal or physical fight or dispute
perverse	adj: showing a deliberate and stubborn desire to go against what is expected or desired; contrary; willfully disobedient or immoral
incentive	n: something, such as a punishment, reward, etc., that encourages a person to do something
maintain	v: to continue to uphold or sustain; to keep in a particular state or condition; to assert or declare something to be true
quo	n: the existing state or condition of something, especially in relation to a particular situation or issue
contrast	v: to put in opposition to show or emphasize differences
tragedy	n: an event or situation causing great loss, misfortune, or destruction; a play or literature that deals with a severe and sad event and often ends with the death of the main character
livelihood	n: a means of earning money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc.
exert	v: to put forth effort; to put into action; to bring into play
decision	n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options
id	n: a part of the psyche that represents the unconscious desires and instincts of an individual; in psychoanalytic theory, it is believed to be the most basic and primal part of the human psyche; (also ID, short for identification) a document or card that proves a person’s identity, such as a driver’s license, passport, or national ID card
enlightened	adj: having or showing a rational, modern, and well-informed outlook
contribute	v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people
accelerate	v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly
commander	n: a person who holds authority or control over a group or organization, particularly in a military, naval, or aerospace context; an official in charge of a particular aspect of operations, such as a commander of a ship or a commander of the air force
greedy	adj: having or showing an intense or insatiable desire for wealth, status, power, or food
Don	n: a Spanish gentleman; a university lecturer, especially a senior member of a college at Oxford or Cambridge
essential	adj: indispensable; fundamental
onset	n: the beginning or early stages of unpleasant something; a military attack
catastrophe	n: a sudden event that causes extreme ruin and misfortune
sustained	adj: lasting for a long time or continuing for a long time without becoming weaker or less intense
dedication	n: a lot of time and energy that someone puts in for an activity or purpose because they believe it is important
deserve	v: to be worthy of or entitled to something, especially something good or valuable
gap	n: a conspicuous disparity or difference separates something such as a figure, people, their opinions, situation, etc.
descendant	n: children or offspring of a specific person, plant, or animal
curse	n: a rude or offensive word or an expression that is not polite and shows that you are very angry
short-sighted	adj: lacking foresight or consideration for future consequences; not planning or preparing adequately for something that will happen in the future
neglect	v: to not give enough care or attention to something; to leave something undone
bless	v: to make or pronounce holy; to hallow; to consecrate; to sanctify
foresight	n: the ability to anticipate or predict future events or outcomes; the act of planning for the future with wisdom and prudence; an intuitive sense of what is to come
horizon	n: the line at which the earth’s surface and the sky appear to meet; the range of interest or activity that can be anticipated
fulfill	v: to meet the requirements or expectations; to achieve or realize
peaceful	adj: not involving violence, conflict, or war