Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (215 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (53 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
privilege	n: a special right or advantage that only one person or group of people has, usually because they are rich and powerful in a society
transplant	v: to move or transfer something from one place or person to another; to take living tissue or an organ from one person, animal, part of the body, etc. and put it into or onto another
surgery	n: medical treatment of injuries or diseases involving an incision with instruments and often removing or replacing some parts of the body; the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures
pioneer	n: inventor; explorer; someone who is among the first to achieve something
liver	n: a large organ in the body, involved in many metabolic processes, such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins
cadaver	n: a dead body, especially one used for scientific study or medical research
procedure	n: a way of doing something, especially the official or well-known way
odds	n: the degree or probability that a particular thing will or will not happen
challenging	adj: difficult, demanding, or requiring a high degree of skill or effort; presenting a difficult problem or obstacle
convince	v: to persuade someone or make someone believe that something is true
regulator	n: a person or thing that controls or balances something; a person or an organization that is responsible for control and supervision of a particular activity or area of public interest
debate	n: a formal discussion or argument of opposing viewpoints, often to persuade others to adopt a specific position; a public discussion, often on an issue of current interest, in which participants offer opinions and differing perspectives
parliament	n: a legislative body, especially the one that represents the people of a country or state
surgeon	n: a doctor who is trained to perform medical operations that involve cutting open a person’s body
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
patient	n: a person who is receiving medical treatment, care, or attention from a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, nurse, or therapist; a personal quality or characteristic
survive	v: to live or exist despite a dangerous event or period
godfather	n: a male godparent who witnesses a child’s baptism and accepts a spiritual responsibility for their upbringing; a trusted mentor or advisor who has significant influence and offers support and guidance in personal or professional matters
fortunate	adj: having good luck or lucky
donor	n: a person or an organization that makes a gift of money, food, supplies, etc. to a cause or fund; in medicine, a person who gives blood or tissue or an organ to be used in another person
organ	n: a part of the body of an animal or plant that has a particular purpose and performs a specific job
population	n: the total number of people in a country, region, or location
supple	adj: flexible and easy to bend or move; gracefully agile; adaptable or responsive to change or new ideas
relative	adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else
constant	adj: happening repeatedly or all the time
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
actively	adv: in a way that involves taking action or participating actively; with energy and determination
donation	n: a voluntary gift of money, service, or ideas that are given to a person or an organization, or the act of giving them
extended	adj: longer than usual or anticipated
brain	n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling
relate	v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something
donate	v: to give money, food, clothes, etc. to help a person or organization
split	v: to divide, or to make something divide into two or more parts, especially along a particular line
graft	n: a transplanted portion of tissue or skin, often taken from one part of the body and used to repair or replace damaged or missing tissue in another part; a corrupt or illegal means of acquiring wealth or power through illicit or unethical methods
dire	adj: extremely serious or urgent; critical, grave, or disastrous
shortage	n: a deficiency or lack of something, typically referring to a situation where there is an insufficient supply or quantity of a resource or product to meet the demand or need
unrelated	adj: having no connection; not belonging to the kinship
unprecedented	adj: never having been seen, done, or known before
unexpected	adj: not anticipated or regarded as likely to happen
moral	adj: concerned with the principles of what is right and wrong, fairness, honesty, etc.
controversy	n: a lot of discussion and argument about something, often involving strong feelings of anger or disapproval
distinguish	v: to notice or understand the difference between two people or things
voluntary	adj: done of one’s own free will; without being forced or coerced
altruistic	adj: showing a selfless and disinterested concern for the happiness and well-being of other people
coerce	v: to force, pressure, or compel someone to do something against their will or better judgment; to use threatening or intimidating tactics to persuade someone to comply with one’s demands
submissive	adj: inclined or willing to submit or yield to authority, domination, or direction; obedient or compliant; meek or passive
spouse	n: a person’s husband, wife, or partner in marriage
in-law	n: a relative by marriage, such as a mother-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law
servant	n: a person who performs duties for others, especially a person employed in a house on domestic duties or as a personal attendant
slave	n: a person who is, either legally or illegally, owned by someone; a person entirely dominated by some influence or a person
employee	n: a person who is hired to work for a business or organization in exchange for wages or salary; a worker
poverty	n: the condition of being extremely poor
commerce	n: the activity of buying and selling things, especially on a large scale
exchange	v: to give something and receive something else in return, often with the implication that the items being traded are of equal or comparable value; (noun) the act of giving or taking something in return for something else; a place or system where goods or services can be bought, sold, or traded
monetary	adj: of or relating to the money in the country
reward	n: a thing given in acknowledgment of service, hard work, achievement, etc.
flourish	v: to grow or develop vigorously or successfully
assignment	n: a duty or task given to someone, usually as part of their job or studies
harvest	n: yields of plants in a single growing season; the period of the year when gathering occurs on a farm
execute	v: to kill someone, especially as a legal punishment; to carry out or perform an action, duty, etc.
pregnant	adj: having a baby or young animal developing in the uterus
fulfill	v: to meet the requirements or expectations; to achieve or realize
marred	adj: damaged, disfigured, or spoiled; impaired or diminished in value or quality
solemn	adj: formal and dignified, often with an emphasis on religious or ceremonial attitudes or practices; characterized by an earnest sense of importance or gravity; serious or grave in tone or demeanor
morbid	adj: characterized by a preoccupation with death or unhealthy topics or behaviors; gruesome or disturbing
security	n: the state of being free from danger, risk, or harm; measures taken to protect against threats or attacks; a financial asset, such as a stock or bond that derives value exclusively from the ownership interest or claim to a particular underlying asset or obligation
row	n: an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line; (verb) to propel a boat through the water using oars
makeshift	adj: serving as a temporary substitute or solution; improvised
operate	v: to work in a particular way; to supervise something
chill	n: a feeling of coldness that makes one shiver; (verb) to make cool or cooler
stare	v: to gaze or look fixedly and intently at someone or something, often in a questioning, curious, or suspicious manner; (noun) a fixed, intense, and prolonged gaze or look
condemn	v: to express strong disapproval or criticism of something
struggle	v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction
dilemma	n: a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more options, especially that are equally unfavorable ones
glove	n: a piece of clothing worn on the hand and wrist for protection against cold, dirt, etc., with separate parts for each finger
scrub	v: to clean something thoroughly, typically with a brush and soap or detergent
transport	n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on
recipient	n: a person who receives something
doubt	n: a feeling of being uncertain about something, especially about how good or accurate it is
consent	n: permission or agreement to do something, especially given by somebody in authority
obtain	v: to get something, especially by making a great effort
invoke	v: to call upon or request help or support, especially from a higher power; to mention or use something as a reason or justification for actions or decisions
conflict	n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals
extreme	adj: very great in amount or degree
sorrow	n: a feeling of deep sadness, grief, or regret, especially for something lost or ending
dawn	n: the time of day when the sun’s light starts to show in the sky
celebrate	v: to acknowledge a memorable or good day or event with a social gathering or enjoyable activity
dusk	n: the period of the day just before nightfall when the light begins to fade; the darker part of twilight
colleague	n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business
tainted	adj: spoiled or contaminated, usually with something harmful; damaged in quality or taste
sublimation	n: the process of transforming a solid directly into a gas (or vice versa) without passing through the intermediate liquid phase; (of psychology) the channeling of repressed emotions or impulses into socially acceptable behavior or productive activities
retrieval	n: the process of recovering or retrieving something that has been lost or misplaced; the act of finding and extracting information, especially from a computer or database
controversial	adj: causing a lot of hot public discussion and dispute
stem	n: the central part of something from which other parts can develop or grow; the part of a word common to all its inflected variants; (verb) to grow out of, have roots in, or originate in
embryo	n: an animal organism in the early stages of growth, either in its mother’s womb or in an egg, or a plant that is developing in a seed
influence	n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself
circumvent	v: to go around, avoid, or bypass something, often to achieve an intended goal or objective; to outmaneuver or outsmart a person or obstacle
exponential	adj: becoming more and more rapid; of or involving mathematical exponents
evolve	v: to develop gradually, or to cause the development of something or someone gradually
incision	n: a sharp cut made in something with a sharp tool, especially during a medical procedure
concept	n: an idea or principle associated with something abstract
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
participate	v: to take part in something
pancreas	n: a glandular organ in the digestive system that produces several important hormones, including insulin and glucagon, as well as digestive enzymes that help break down food in the small intestine
wit	n: the ability to say or write things or ideas in a clever and humorous way
difficulty	n: a condition or state that causes problems
inspire	v: to make somebody fill with the desire, confidence, or enthusiasm, especially to do something creative
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
secrete	v: to produce and discharge a substance, such as a hormone or glandular secretion; to conceal or hide something
insulin	n: a hormone produced in the pancreas that controls the amount of sugar in the blood, or a similar artificial substance used for the treatment of diabetes
diabetes	n: a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control the glucose levels in the blood
technique	n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill
grapple	v: to make a strenuous effort to solve a problem; to engage in a close fight or conflict without weapons
complexity	n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand
momentum	n: the force or power that is gained by a moving object; a strength or impetus gained through a process of development or activity
isolation	n: the condition of being alone or lonely; the act or state of separation between persons or groups
embryonic	adj: of or relating to an embryo (= an animal organism in the early stages of growth); in an early stage of development
observation	n: the act or activity of carefully examining or monitoring something or someone
islet	n: a small island, especially a small one in a river or lake; a small area or patch of something, such as tissue or land, a different material surrounds that
capture	v: to catch a person or an animal and confine them in an area which they cannot escape
imaginary	adj: existing only in someone’s mind
fascinate	v: to attract and hold the attention of someone deeply and irresistibly
disrupt	v: to prevent or stop something, especially an event, activity, or process, from continuing in the usual way by causing a problem or disturbance
mindset	n: the established set of attitudes or fixed ideas held by someone
occupy	v: to consume all of someone’s space, attention, or time
chief	adj: most important or primary; (noun) a person who is in charge
pluripotent	adj: describing cells that have the potential to differentiate into any specialized cell in the body, often used in the context of stem cell research and applications
differentiate	v: to recognize or establish as being distinct; to distinguish between things that are compared; to calculate a derivative
surrounding	adj: that is near or around, or closely encircling something
derive	v: to obtain or receive something from a source
encourage	v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
ridicule	n: speech or behavior that makes fun of or mocks someone or something; teasing, sarcasm, or scornful remarks that are intended to belittle or humiliate; (verb) to mock, criticize, or make fun of someone or something in a scornful or derisive way
lab	n: a workplace for the conduct of scientific research; a laboratory
adipose	adj: relating to or composed of fatty tissue; fatty or fat-like in nature
tissue	n: an ensemble of similar cells of the animal or plant that together carry out a specific function
nowadays	adv: at the current time, in comparison to the past
abundant	adj: present in great quantity
rid	v: to make someone or something free of unwanted or unpleasant tasks, objects, or person
marrow	n: a soft, fatty, vascular substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced; the choicest or most essential part of some idea or experience
limitation	n: a rule or act that restricts the scope of something
restricted	adj: limited in extent, number, scope, or action, especially by official rules, laws, etc.
specialized	adj: possessing or relating to specific knowledge or skills that are unique to a particular field or task; designed or intended for a particular purpose or function
remarkable	adj: worthy of attention because unusual or special
astound	v: to surprise or shock someone with wonder very much
discovery	n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known
reprogram	v: to modify or recreate a program
induce	v: to persuade someone to do something; to cause to act in a specific manner
convert	v: to have a talk with someone; (adjective) reversed in order, relation, or action
mound	n: a raised area of ground or dirt, often used for burial, construction, or as a fortification; a large, rounded pile or heap
fountain	n: a structure usually consisting of a basin and a jet of water that is sprayed into the air, often used for decoration or as a source of drinking water
youthful	adj: typical of young people; vigorous and fresh
sacrifice	n: the act of killing an animal or person or surrendering a possession as an offering to a deity; (verb) to give up something important or valuable to help another person or get or do something that seems more important
hype	n: advertisements and media discussions informing the public about a product and how nice or vital it is
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
stroke	n: a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death; the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club, racket, etc.
spinal	adj: of or relating to the spine (= the long bone in the body’s back)
cord	n: a strong, thick, or thin thread or rope; a piece of plastic-coated wire used to transport electricity to a piece of equipment
injury	n: harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body caused by an accident or an attack
muscular	adj: of or relating to the muscles; having or suggesting great physical power or force
dystrophy	n: a group of inherited disorders that involve the progressive weakening and wasting of muscles or tissues, often leading to disability or organ failure; commonly characterized by muscle weakness, atrophy, and degeneration
retina	n: the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball
relevance	n: the state or degree of being closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand
horrible	adj: extremely unpleasant or bad; causing fear or disgust
robotic	adj: of or relating to mechanical robots; (robotics) the interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering with the practical use of robots
steppe	n: a vast, wide, and usually treeless plain, typically found in semi-arid or arid regions, characterized by fertile soil and grassy vegetation, often used for grazing livestock; an expansive and open grassland ecosystem found in Eurasia and North America
elevator	n: a mechanical device used for vertical transportation, typically in multi-story buildings, consisting of a compartmentalized platform that moves between floors
glaring	adj: extremely noticeable or obvious, often in a way that is unpleasant or unpleasantly bright
visual	adj: relating to seeing or sight
collapse	v: to fall down or give way suddenly, often after breaking apart
floater	n: a very small spot inside a person’s eye that they see moving up and down or from side to side
casual	adj: relaxed and informal in manner or dress, not planned or expected; not involving commitment or seriousness
dismiss	v: to regard something or someone as not important and not worth considering; to terminate someone’s employment
altitude	n: the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level
exposure	n: the state of being in a particular situation or place where there is no protection from or guarantee to something harmful; the disclosure of something secret
catastrophic	adj: extremely harmful; causing physical or financial destruction
vision	n: the ability to think about or see the future with imagination and intelligence; the faculty of being able to see
restore	v: to repair or return something or someone to a previous good state or position
prolong	v: to extend the duration or length of something, particularly a period of time or an event
convalescence	n: the process of recovering from an illness or injury, during which the body gradually returns to health and strength
empathy	n: the ability to share another person’s feelings or experiences by imagining that person’s situation
blind	adj: unable to see; unable or unwilling to perceive or understand the true nature of something
suffer	v: to experience pain, distress, or hardship; to undergo or endure something painful or unpleasant
impair	v: to damage something or make it weaker or worse
phase	n: any stage in a series of events, change, or development
exciting	adj: causing a lot of interest or excitement
enhance	v: to increase or improve the quality, amount, or strength of someone or something
heal	v: to make a wound or injury to become well again
release	v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement
circulation	n: the movement of blood through the body or of a fluid through a system; the number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold
bloodstream	n: the blood flowing through the body
hone	v: to sharpen or perfect something; to improve a skill or ability through practice
dam	n: a wall constructed over a river to block the flow of water, mainly used to generate energy
scaffold	n: a temporary platform or structure used to support workers and materials during construction or maintenance work
clinical	adj: of or relating to the examination and treatment of patients rather than theoretical or laboratory studies
cardiac	adj: of or relating to the heart or heart disease
function	n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose
investigate	v: to conduct a systematic or formal inquiry to identify and evaluate the facts of a crime, problem, statement, etc. to establish the truth
herald	v: to be a sign or indication of something to come; to proclaim or announce something publicly, often with great enthusiasm or fanfare
quantum	n: the smallest amount or unit of something, especially (electromagnetic) energy
leap	v: to jump or spring into the air, often with the feet leaving the ground or a surface below; to move quickly or suddenly, often forward or upward
cardiologist	n: a medical doctor who specializes in the study and treatment of the heart and the circulatory system
increment	n: a regular increase in the amount of something, such as money; a process of becoming larger, longer, or more important
replacement	n: the act of replacing something with something else, especially that is newer or better; a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
therapy	n: the act of caring for someone through medication, remedial training, etc.
enigma	n: a puzzling or mysterious person, place, or thing; something that is difficult or impossible to understand or explain; a riddle or mysterious puzzle that requires a solution
underway	adj: having started and currently in progress
approval	n: the belief that someone or something is good or acceptable
neural	adj: of or relating to a nerve or the nervous system that includes the brain
curiosity	n: a strong desire to know or learn about something
contribution	n: the act of giving something, especially money, to a particular cause or organization; a voluntary gift as of money or service or ideas made to some worthwhile cause
commitment	n: a promise or firm decision to do something or to behave in a certain way
medical	adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine
longevity	n: the property of being long-lived; significant duration of service
improvisation	n: the act of making something up on the spot or creating or performing something without preparation