Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (202 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (43 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
trajectory | n: the curved path followed by an object moving through space | |
artisan | n: a skilled craftsperson or worker who produces handmade or traditionally crafted items, often using specialized tools or techniques; someone who is skilled in a particular trade or craft | |
gang | n: a group of people who organize and engage in criminal activity | |
slave | n: a person who is, either legally or illegally, owned by someone; a person entirely dominated by some influence or a person | |
security | n: the state of being free from danger, risk, or harm; measures taken to protect against threats or attacks; a financial asset, such as a stock or bond that derives value exclusively from the ownership interest or claim to a particular underlying asset or obligation | |
council | n: a group of people who have been elected or appointed to make decisions or give advice on a particular subject or in a particular place | |
mineral | n: a solid inorganic substance occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition | |
component | n: one of several parts that combines with others to form something bigger | |
committed | adj: willing to put in a lot of effort, time, and energy into something; firmly believing in something | |
suicide | n: the act of killing yourself intentionally | |
shift | n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend | |
cocoa | n: a powder made from roasted cacao beans used to flavor sweets and drinks; the dried and fermented seeds from which the powder is made | |
harvest | n: yields of plants in a single growing season; the period of the year when gathering occurs on a farm | |
trafficking | n: the illegal trade in goods, services, or people, often across national borders | |
conflict | n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals | |
zone | n: a specific area, region, or section that is marked off or defined in some way | |
plantation | n: a large farm or estate, typically in a tropical or subtropical country, used for growing cash crops | |
heparin | n: an anticoagulant drug used to prevent blood clots; often used during surgical procedures or in the treatment of blood clotting disorders | |
pharmaceutical | adj: relating to the production and selling of the medical drugs | |
workshop | n: a place where people work, especially one where they do manual or practical work; a brief intensive course for a small group | |
ingredient | n: one of the things used to make something, especially one of the foods used to make a particular dish | |
intestine | n: a long, tube-like organ in the digestive system that is responsible for absorbing nutrients from food and eliminating waste products | |
diamond | n: a precious stone made from pure carbon, typically transparent and colorless but possibly tinted in various colors; a shape or arrangement resembling the geometric form of a diamond | |
probable | adj: likely to happen or likely to be true | |
cotton | n: a plant that is grown in warm countries and bears bolls containing seeds with soft and long hairs that are made into textile fiber and thread for sewing | |
export | v: to send goods or services to another country for sale; to transfer electronic data out of a database or document in a format that other programs can use | |
government | n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state | |
labor | n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal | |
institutional | adj: of, in, or relating to a large important organization, such as a university or bank; organized as or forming part of the standard systems, practices, etc. | |
dump | v: to deposit or dispose of something, such as trash, waste, etc., carelessly or hurriedly | |
origin | n: the first existence or beginning of something | |
represent | v: to speak, act, or be present on behalf of another person or group; to form or constitute | |
governance | n: the act or process of governing or managing a political, social, or economic entity; the systems or principles that guide such processes | |
gap | n: a conspicuous disparity or difference separates something such as a figure, people, their opinions, situation, etc. | |
polite | adj: showing consideration, respect, or deference towards others; having good manners, civility, or courteous behavior | |
supple | adj: flexible and easy to bend or move; gracefully agile; adaptable or responsive to change or new ideas | |
chain | n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle | |
brand | n: a type of product, service, etc., made by a particular company and sold under a specific name; identification mark on the skin of livestock, criminals, etc., made by burning | |
rogue | n: a deceitful and unreliable person; a person who behaves badly | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
deregulation | n: the process of reducing or removing government regulations and restrictions in a particular industry or sector, often to promote competition and reduce costs | |
regulation | n: an official rule made and maintained by a government or some other authority; the act of controlling or directing something according to a rule | |
attract | v: to draw or entice someone or something towards them through the qualities they have, especially positive ones | |
invest | v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result | |
promote | v: to encourage or persuade people to like, buy, use, do, or support something; to raise someone to a higher position or rank | |
moral | adj: concerned with the principles of what is right and wrong, fairness, honesty, etc. | |
ethical | adj: of or relating to principles about what is right and wrong, or the branch of knowledge dealing with these | |
dilemma | n: a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more options, especially that are equally unfavorable ones | |
accessory | n: an additional item or object that enhances or complements something else; a supplementary component or attachment; a nonessential but desirable item or feature | |
abuse | n: the use of something in an incorrect or harmful manner | |
involve | v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else | |
assure | v: to give confidence or reassurance to someone; to convince or guarantee someone that something will happen or that something is true | |
mortgage | n: a loan secured by the collateral of a specific property, such as a house, that is repaid over a set period of time with interest; the legal agreement governing this loan | |
sacrifice | n: the act of killing an animal or person or surrendering a possession as an offering to a deity; (verb) to give up something important or valuable to help another person or get or do something that seems more important | |
depress | v: to make someone feel sad, low in spirits, or without hope; to make markets, businesses, etc., less active | |
recognize | v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered | |
deficit | n: the total amount by which money spent is greater than money earned in a particular period of time; the property of being an amount by which something, especially an amount of money, is less than expected or required | |
independence | n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence | |
republic | n: a state or country in which the people and their elected representatives hold supreme power and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch | |
definitely | adv: without any question and beyond doubt; clearly | |
democracy | n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so | |
govern | v: to legally control and direct a country, city, group of people, etc. and be responsible for introducing new laws, organizing and maintaining public services | |
satisfy | v: to make somebody pleased by giving them what they want or need | |
engage | v: to attract and keep someone’s attention and interest; to participate in or obtain services of something | |
consumption | n: the amount used or eaten; the act of using up a resource such as energy, food, or materials | |
documentary | n: a film or a radio or television program that gives facts and information about a subject; of or derived from official documents | |
sweatshop | n: a factory or workshop where workers are employed at very low wages and under poor conditions, often characterized by long hours, low pay, and hazardous working conditions | |
garment | n: a piece of clothing, such as a dress, coat, or shirt | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
classic | adj: judged or deserving to be regarded as one of the best or most important of its kind over a period of time; of a well-known type | |
squeak | v: to make a high-pitched, short, sharp noise; to speak or say something in a high-pitched, weak, or timid voice | |
mention | v: to speak or write about something or someone briefly | |
manufacture | v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines | |
decide | v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options | |
relocate | v: to move or move something or someone to a new place and build a house or a business there | |
backyard | n: a whole space behind and belonging to a house | |
slaughterhouse | n: (also “abattoir”) a facility where animals are killed and processed for meat | |
slaughter | n: the killing of a large number of animals or people brutally and indiscriminately; a violent and bloody event that results in the death of many individuals | |
extract | n: a short passage taken from a book, piece of music, etc.; a substance obtained from something through a specific process; (verb) to obtain from something or to remove something by effort or force | |
scandal | n: an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage | |
contaminate | v: to make something impure, unclean, or poisonous by contact or mixture | |
creep | v: to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually to avoid being seen or heard | |
substitute | n: a person or thing acting or serving instead of another one; (verb) to act as a something or someone instead of another one | |
mimic | v: to imitate someone’s speech, movement, or behavior, especially to make others laugh | |
doll | n: a child’s toy that typically represents a human figure, especially a young girl; an attractive woman; a woman who is subservient or passive | |
pound | n: the standard unit of money in the UK; the standard unit of weight equal to 16 ounces | |
no-brainer | n: a decision or a problem that requires little or no thought because it is obvious what you should do | |
administer | v: to oversee and control the operation or arrangement of something | |
agency | n: an organization or business that is responsible for specific activities or services, especially when representing other organizations or businesses; the capacity or power to act or exert influence; the ability to make decisions and take action | |
define | v: to state or explain precisely the nature, scope, or meaning of something | |
facility | n: a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry | |
chemical | adj: relating to or connected with chemistry; | |
audit | n: an official inspection of the accounting procedures and records of business by a trained accountant or CPA that is independent of the subject; a methodical inspection or review of a specific condition or situation | |
jurisdiction | n: the extent or range of authority, power, or control exercised by a particular entity or organization, such as a government or court; the area within which such authority or control is exercised | |
offshore | adj: situated at or happening in the sea, not far from the shore or land; (of winds) coming from the land | |
conduct | v: to organize and carry out a particular activity | |
investigation | n: the act or process of thoroughly examining a crime, problem, statement, etc., to uncover the truth | |
oversea | adj: situated or operating beyond national boundaries; in, from, or to foreign countries | |
medicinal | adj: of or relating to the treatment or cure of disease | |
regulatory | adj: having the power to control or restrict something such as business or industry according to rules or principles | |
dignity | n: the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect; high office or rank or station | |
nation | n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture | |
breakdown | n: a failure or collapse of a system or organization | |
regulate | v: to control something, especially by means of rules or laws | |
soil | n: the top layer of Earth in which plants grow | |
headline | n: a heading at the top of a newspaper or magazine story or page | |
steppe | n: a vast, wide, and usually treeless plain, typically found in semi-arid or arid regions, characterized by fertile soil and grassy vegetation, often used for grazing livestock; an expansive and open grassland ecosystem found in Eurasia and North America | |
commitment | n: a promise or firm decision to do something or to behave in a certain way | |
discuss | v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic | |
leadership | n: the ability, act, or status of leading a group of people or an organization | |
voter | n: a person who votes or has a legal right to vote in a political election | |
parochial | adj: related to or characteristic of a small or narrow-minded community, often referring to a geographic location or mindset; having limited or narrow knowledge or experience of the world outside one’s immediate surroundings | |
subordinate | adj: of lower rank or importance, often used to describe a person in a position of inferiority or inferior status; serving as a secondary or supporting element to something else | |
delivery | n: the act of taking or sending something to a destination; the bringing of a baby during childbirth | |
mechanism | n: a part of a machine, or a set of parts that performs a task; a natural or established process that occurs during a specific situation or reaction | |
fortunate | adj: having good luck or lucky | |
eventually | adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on | |
president | n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc. | |
convene | v: to come or bring together a group of people for a meeting or activity | |
invite | v: to ask someone to come or join; to offer an opportunity or possibility for something to happen or take place | |
industrious | adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort | |
union | n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together | |
globalization | n: the process by which economies, societies, and cultures around the world become increasingly integrated and interconnected through the rapid exchange of goods, services, ideas, and people across international borders | |
folk | n: people in general, especially those of a particular group or type | |
argue | v: to express differing opinions or points of view, often in a heated or contentious manner; to present a case or reasoning to persuade or convince others | |
responsible | adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management | |
employ | v: to give somebody a job and pay them for it; to make use of | |
liable | adj: having legal responsibility for something or someone | |
custody | n: the state of being physically responsible for something or someone, especially a child; a state of being confined, usually for a short time | |
consume | v: to spend something, especially fuel, energy, or time, in a large amount | |
conscience | n: a person’s inner sense of what is right or wrong in their conduct or motives, viewed as a guide to their behavior | |
regardless | adv: not paying attention or considering something or someone even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties | |
ownership | n: the state or fact of possessing, controlling, or having the right to something; the legal and moral right to use or dispose of something as one chooses | |
contract | n: a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, setting out their rights and obligations to each other, typically in writing and enforceable by law | |
stroke | n: a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death; the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club, racket, etc. | |
absolute | adj: perfect or complete or to the most considerable degree possible | |
genius | n: someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | |
harness | v: to control and exploit the power of something, especially natural resources that produce energy; (noun) a set of narrow pieces of leather and metal that are used to control or hold in place a person, animal, or object | |
multinational | adj: relating to or involving multiple countries or nationalities; having operations or business interests in multiple countries | |
persuasive | adj: tending to make you want to do or believe a particular thing; convincing | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
inspector | n: a person whose job is to inspect, examine, or investigate something, often on behalf of an organization or official body | |
amazing | adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire | |
resist | v: to refuse to accept something and attempt to prevent it from happening | |
bribe | v: to try to make someone do something to gain one’s favors or influence by giving a gift of money or other inducements | |
cite | v: to refer to something such as a passage, book, etc. as evidence for a theory or as a reason why something has happened | |
violation | n: an action that breaches a law, rule, or agreement; an infringement of rights or duties | |
deride | v: to ridicule or mock someone or something, often contemptuously or scornfully; to criticize or attack severely | |
bankrupt | adj: unable to pay one’s debts; having been reduced to a state of financial ruin; lacking in something essential or fundamental | |
influence | n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself | |
transnational | adj: relating to or involving activities, organizations, or individuals that cross national boundaries or operate in multiple countries; having a presence or influence in multiple countries or regions | |
institute | n: an organization that has a specific purpose, particularly one dealing with science, education, or a particular profession; (verb) to initiate, introduce, or establish something | |
naturally | adv: as might be expected; by natural manners | |
extreme | adj: very great in amount or degree | |
efficient | adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials | |
organization | n: a group of people who work together for a shared purpose | |
judgment | n: the ability to form valuable opinions and make reasonable decisions | |
recrimination | n: the act of accusing someone who has accused you; a countercharge or retaliatory accusation made against an accuser | |
confidence | n: the feeling or attitude that one can trust or rely on the abilities or good qualities of someone or something | |
partnership | n: the state of a cooperative relationship between people or groups, especially in business | |
radical | adj: relating to the essential aspects of anything; far beyond the norm, mainly used of opinions and actions | |
propose | v: to make a proposal, declare a plan for something | |
crazy | adj: stupid or not sensible; very angry | |
rural | adj: of or relating to the countryside | |
disbelief | n: the feeling of not being able to believe or accept that something is true or real | |
phrase | n: a group of words that mean something specific when used together | |
verify | v: to check that something exists or is true, or to prove that something is correct | |
random | adj: made, done, or happening without method, conscious decision, or any regular pattern | |
announce | v: to make something known or officially inform people about something | |
basis | n: the most important facts, ideas, or events from which something is developed; the way how things are organized or arranged | |
inspect | v: to look at someone or something closely, usually to examine their condition or to detect flaws | |
transparency | n: the condition or quality of being easy to see through | |
absolutely | adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly | |
critic | n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc. | |
accountability | n: the state of being responsible for one’s actions or decisions; the obligation to explain, justify, or take ownership of one’s actions or their consequences; the expectation of being answerable and liable for the outcomes of one’s behavior or performance | |
enlist | v: to sign up to serve in the military or a particular organization | |
compromise | v: to settle a problem or disagreement by mutual concession | |
ethics | n: a branch of philosophy that considers what is morally right and wrong conduct; a set of beliefs about what is morally right and wrong | |
decline | v: to become gradually smaller, fewer, worse, etc.; to refuse to accept | |
comeback | n: a return to popularity, success, or performance after a decline or period of inactivity; a quick, witty response to a criticism or insult | |
stopgap | n: something intended for temporary use while you are looking for something more suitable | |
pandemic | n: an outbreak of a disease that affects many people over a very wide area | |
swine | n: a domestic pig, especially one bred for its meat | |
influenza | n: (formal for flu) a highly contagious viral disease that causes fever, severe aching, and catarrh and often occurs in epidemics | |
sector | n: a distinct part or division of something often used to refer to a segment of an economy or industry; an area or field of work or activity | |
marshal | n: a military officer of high rank or a person in charge of organizing or leading a parade or public event; a law enforcement official or officer responsible for maintaining order and enforcing regulations; (verb) to organize, arrange, or gather together resources, information, or people in a deliberate and systematic manner | |
overwhelming | adj: very great or intense; so powerful that you cannot fight or react against it | |
assume | v: to think or accept something to be true without having proof of it; to take or begin to have power; to begin to exhibit a specific quality or appearance | |
daunting | adj: looking challenging to manage in prospect; making someone anxious and less confident about carrying out something | |
monitor | v: to observe, check, and track the progress or quality of something over a period of time | |
numb | adj: unable to feel physical sensation and movement; not showing human feeling or sensitivity | |
viol | n: a stringed instrument, typically with six strings and frets, played with a bow, also called a viola da gamba | |
crux | n: the most important or fundamental part of a matter or situation; the key point or central issue | |
slum | n: a heavily populated urban area characterized by poor, run-down housing and infrastructure, often associated with poverty and social neglect | |
flashy | adj: attractive or impressive by being bright, expensive, large, etc.; (used especially of clothes) marked by conspicuous display | |
plea | n: an appeal or request, especially for help or understanding; a legal excuse or defense; an earnest entreaty or supplication | |
decision-maker | n: a person who makes important decisions, especially at a high level in an organization | |
decision | n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options | |
abandon | v: to leave a place, thing, or person with no intention of returning; (noun) a feeling of extreme emotional intensity | |
essential | adj: indispensable; fundamental | |
humanity | n: all people living on the earth; the quality or state of being human rather than an animal, a machine, etc. | |
appeal | n: a serious, earnest, or urgent request for money, information, or help; a quality that makes somebody or something attractive or interest |