Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (196 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (57 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
immediate | adj: happening or done without delay or occurring shortly after something else | |
suffer | v: to experience pain, distress, or hardship; to undergo or endure something painful or unpleasant | |
humming | adj: producing a continuous, low, vibrating sound like that of the bee | |
psychiatric | adj: of or relating to the treatment or study of mental illness or disorders | |
disorder | n: an untidy state or a lack of organization; a physical condition or illness that causes problems with how a section of the body or brain functions | |
autism | n: a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication | |
depression | n: a mental condition in which a person feels very unhappy and without hope for the future; a severe recession in an economy or market | |
schizophrenia | n: a severe mental disorder in which a person has a distorted view of reality and may experience hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and behavior | |
toll | n: money that you have to pay to use a particular road, bridge, etc.; (verb) to ring slowly | |
treatment | n: the way in which someone deals with or behaves towards someone or something; medical care provided to a patient for an injury or illness. | |
mechanism | n: a part of a machine, or a set of parts that performs a task; a natural or established process that occurs during a specific situation or reaction | |
disease | n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems | |
millennium | n: a span of 1000 years, or the 1000th anniversary (plural: millennia) | |
concerned | adj: feeling worry or interest about something; showing interest or attention | |
cancer | n: abnormal growth of cells that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs; a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells | |
diagnose | v: to determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a careful analysis | |
scan | v: to examine something hastily, with the eyes or with a machine, to get information | |
biopsy | n: the process of removing and examining tissue from the body of the sick person to determine the existence or cause of a disease | |
questionnaire | n: a form or document containing a series of questions used for surveying or gathering information from a group of people, often used in research, marketing, or social science studies | |
oversimplify | v: to describe or explain something in a way that is too simple and no longer holds true | |
increasingly | adv: more and more | |
outmoded | adj: no longer in fashion or use; outdated or obsolete | |
biology | n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things | |
basis | n: the most important facts, ideas, or events from which something is developed; the way how things are organized or arranged | |
aid | n: things sent to help countries in need, notably food or money; support | |
abet | v: to assist, encourage, or support someone in the commission of a crime or wrongdoing; to actively promote or aid in the accomplishment of an action | |
chemical | adj: relating to or connected with chemistry; | |
imbalance | n: a situation in which two or more things are not equal or equally treated | |
brain | n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling | |
dopamine | n: a chemical substance produced by nerve cells as a neurotransmitter; as a drug, it is used to treat shock and hypotension | |
serotonin | n: a neurotransmitter (= a chemical that carries nerve impulses) involved in, e.g., sleep, emotion, and memory | |
norepinephrine | n: (also noradrenaline) a hormone that is released by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress and that increases heart rate and blood pressure | |
prescribe | v: (of a doctor) to advise and order the use of particular medicine or treatment for someone, especially in writing; to issue commands or orders for something | |
glob | n: a small, round mass or lump; a drop or blob of liquid or viscous substance | |
chemistry | n: the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions | |
unpleasant | adj: not enjoyable or comfortable | |
complexity | n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand | |
engine | n: a machine that converts thermal energy to mechanical work; something that has an important role used to achieve a purpose | |
dribble | v: to allow a liquid or substance to flow slowly and steadily in small drops; to move a ball or object in a series of small bounces or taps, often while running or maneuvering around other players | |
emerging | adj: starting to exist, mature, or become well-known | |
disturbance | n: something that interrupts a settled and peaceful condition or that makes someone feel nervous or worried | |
neural | adj: of or relating to a nerve or the nervous system that includes the brain | |
circuit | n: (in electrical engineering) an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow; a journey or route around a particular place or area | |
mediate | v: to try to bring about an agreement or understanding between people who are in conflict | |
emotion | n: a strong feeling such as love, anger, etc. deriving from one’s situation, mood, or relationships with others | |
mood | n: the way you feel at a particular time; an angry or impatient state of mind | |
cognition | n: the psychological process of perception and learning and reasoning; the mental action or process by which knowledge and understanding are developed in the mind | |
analogy | n: a comparison between similar things that have similar aspects, often used to help explain a principle or concept | |
valid | adj: having a reasonable basis in logic or fact; still legally or officially acceptable | |
overwhelming | adj: very great or intense; so powerful that you cannot fight or react against it | |
dominance | n: the state or quality of being the most powerful or influential person or group | |
hypothesis | n: a proposed idea or explanation that is based on a few known facts but has not yet been proven to be true or accurate | |
bathe | v: to wash or immerse oneself or another person in the water or a liquid; to expose a part of the body to a natural element, such as sunlight or air | |
release | v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement | |
specific | adj: clearly defined or particular to a certain thing or situation; distinct, explicit, and precise | |
locate | v: to specify or determine the exact position of someone or something | |
synapse | n: the fact or state of failing to finish an activity and of stopping using, making, or doing it | |
pinpoint | v: to locate or identify the exact position in space or time of something | |
consequence | n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual | |
overcome | v: to succeed in controlling or dealing with something, such as a problem or difficulty; to defeat or overwhelm someone | |
ignorance | n: lack of knowledge or information about a particular subject or fact | |
organism | n: a tiny living thing | |
laboratory | n: a workplace for doing scientific research or teaching science; a lab | |
genetic | adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes | |
technique | n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill | |
molecular | adj: of or relating to molecules (= a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds) | |
identify | v: to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are | |
neuron | n: a cell that is specialized to carry information within the brain and between the brain and other parts of the body | |
moreover | adv: indicating that what follows is an additional or supplementary point; furthermore; in addition to what has been said before | |
activate | v: make something start working, more active or dynamic | |
destroy | v: to ruin or damage severely or completely; to eradicate or eliminate completely | |
inhibit | v: to prevent something, such as an action, process, etc., from happening or make it less likely to happen than normal | |
conclude | v: to come to an end or close; to reach a judgment or opinion by reasoning | |
sufficient | adj: adequate; enough for a particular purpose or requirement | |
relation | n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another | |
extreme | adj: very great in amount or degree | |
capable | adj: having the ability, skill, or potential to do something; competent or proficient in a particular task or area of expertise | |
sophisticated | adj: having a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of people’s behavior, culture, and fashion | |
breed | v: to keep animals for producing offspring in a regulated manner | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
digital | adj: processing or storing information as a succession of 1 and 0 to show that a signal is present or missing; relating to the use of computer technology, especially the internet | |
insect | n: any small creature that has six legs and a body divided into three sections | |
monograph | n: a detailed and comprehensive written study or essay on a specific subject or topic, typically written by a single author or a small group of experts | |
expression | n: the act of conveying thoughts, feelings, or ideas using words, facial expressions, body language, or art; a look or gesture that conveys a particular emotion or mood | |
eponymous | adj: giving one’s name to a thing or place; named after a particular person or entity, often the creator or originator of that thing or place | |
colleague | n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business | |
introduction | n: a preliminary explanation or remarks given before the start of a text, performance, or event; the act of bringing something new into existence or introducing something to a wider audience or new market | |
drosophila | n: a genus of small flies, commonly known as fruit flies, that belong to the family Drosophilidae, widely used in genetic research due to their short life cycles and easily observable traits | |
gene | n: the fundamental unit of heredity and the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for the creation of RNA or protein. | |
recruit | v: to persuade someone to work for a company; to find new members for an organization, the armed forces, etc. | |
rabbi | n: a Jewish religious leader or a Jewish scholar or teacher | |
infer | v: to form an opinion or conclude that something is true based on existing facts | |
emotional | adj: relating to people’s feelings | |
facial | adj: of or relating to a person’s face | |
landing | n: the act of coming to rest on the ground or another surface after being in flight or jumping; a platform or area of ground where a plane or spacecraft can come to rest | |
mar | v: to damage or spoil the appearance or surface of something | |
spaceship | n: (especially in science fiction) a spacecraft designed to carry a crew into interstellar space | |
surrounding | adj: that is near or around, or closely encircling something | |
characteristic | n: a typical feature or quality that can identify, tell apart, or describe something or somebody | |
arouse | v: to awaken strong feelings or emotions in someone; to excite or inspire a physical or emotional response | |
exhibit | v: to show something in public for people to enjoy or to provide them with information | |
persistent | adj: continuing firmly or obstinately in the course of action despite difficulty or opposition; lasting or enduring without fading or being lost over time | |
gradation | n: a step-by-step change, or a slight change; levels into which anything is split; the process or outcome of something gradually altering | |
intensify | v: to increase or make something increase in extent or strength | |
valence | n: (of chemistry and physics) the bonding capacity or electron-attracting power of an atom or molecule; (of psychology and sociology) the emotional value or intensity involved in a particular experience or relationship | |
long-lasting | adj: existing or continuing for a long time | |
stimulus | n: something that causes growth or arouses action | |
trigger | v: to make something happen suddenly; to cause something such as a device, machine, etc. to function | |
dial | v: to adjust or set the controls of a machine or device by turning a controller called dial; (noun) a disc on a telephone that is rotated a fixed distance for each number called | |
sniffle | v: to breathe in audibly through the nose due to a cold or to emotions, often resulting in a runny or congested nose; to produce sniffing sounds repeatedly, typically associated with a runny or blocked nose | |
sob | v: to cry or weep with short, sudden sounds | |
negative | adj: having the quality of something bad or harmful; expressing refusal | |
decide | v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options | |
provoke | v: to stimulate or give rise to a particular reaction or have a particular effect | |
proverb | n: a short saying that expresses a truth or gives advice based on practical experience | |
wasp | n: a flying insect with a narrow waist and a sting, typically feeding on nectar and known for its aggressive behavior towards other insects and animals | |
picnic | n: an outdoor meal or social gathering where food is served and eaten in nature, typically in a park, forest, or other outdoor settings | |
vigorously | adv: in a way that is very energetic and enthusiastic | |
swat | v: to strike or hit someone or something with a quick, sharp blow, usually with the hand or a flat object; (noun, an acronym that stands for “Special Weapons And Tactics”) specialized groups within police departments that are trained to handle high-risk operations that regular officers are not equipped to deal with | |
irritate | v: to annoy, provoke, or cause resentment or anger in someone; to inflame or make sore | |
device | n: a piece of equipment, tool, or technology that serves a particular purpose or function, often mechanical or electronic | |
puffy | adj: swollen or distended, especially with air or gas; | |
tube | n: a cylindrical container of metal, plastic, glass, etc., usually sealed and used as a means of preserving food or chemicals; a hollow cylindrical shape | |
bench | n: a long, flat surface, often elevated and supported by legs, used for sitting, working, or displaying objects; persons who administer justice | |
row | n: an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line; (verb) to propel a boat through the water using oars | |
hyperactive | adj: excessively or abnormally active, restless, or easily excitable, particularly about children or animals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | |
calm | adj: not excited, angry, or nervous; free from wind, large waves | |
quantify | v: to express or measure something in numerical terms | |
locomote | v: to move or travel from one place to another, especially using wheels or legs | |
software | n: a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data for doing particular computational jobs | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
collaborate | v: to work with someone else to produce or achieve something | |
electrical | adj: relating to electricity | |
engineer | n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software | |
division | n: the act or outcome of splitting into separate parts; a critical organizational unit or sector | |
grade | n: a particular level of quality, size, importance, etc. | |
intense | adj: (especially of a feeling) very strong; extremely sharp or severe | |
duration | n: the length of time something lasts or continues | |
automated | adj: carried out by machines or computers to replace or decrease human labor | |
mutant | n: an organism that has characteristics resulting from a mutation (= alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome) | |
abnormal | adj: not typical, usual, or regular, especially in a way that is bad | |
repository | n: a place where things are stored in large quantities and can be found | |
vial | n: a small glass container, especially one containing liquid medicine or perfume | |
assay | v: to analyze or test a substance for its chemical composition or its quantity; to attempt or try something | |
affected | adj: influenced; feeling or showing emotion, especially exaggerated emotion; not natural or sincere | |
mutation | n: the way in which genes of a person, plant, animal, or other organism change and produce permanent differences | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
norm | n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard | |
examine | v: to study or consider a person or object attentively and thoroughly to learn something about them | |
encode | v: to convert information into a code or format suitable for storage or transmission | |
receptor | n: an organ having nerve endings that respond to stimulation such as heat or cold and makes the body react in a particular way | |
molecule | n: a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds | |
function | n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose | |
reward | n: a thing given in acknowledgment of service, hard work, achievement, etc. | |
abuse | n: the use of something in an incorrect or harmful manner | |
genetics | n: the branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms | |
counterintuitive | adj: contrary to what common sense would suggest | |
opposition | n: the act of disagreeing or resisting; the state of strong disagreement | |
reminiscent | adj: making you remember someone or something; relating to the recall of personal interests | |
fee | n: a sum of money charged for a particular service | |
cocaine | n: a highly addictive stimulant drug that is derived from the leaves of the coca plant, often used recreationally for its euphoric effects but also used in medicine as a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor | |
appropriate | adj: suitable or proper in the circumstances; fitting | |
license | n: an official permission or authorization to do, use, or own something; a legal document that grants the holder the right to perform certain activities, such as driving a car, practicing a profession, or using a particular product or service | |
similarly | adv: in almost the same way | |
playful | adj: having a lighthearted, mischievous, or fun-loving nature; displaying a sense of enjoyment or amusement; characterized by a desire for entertainment or play | |
attempt | n: an act or effort of trying to do something, especially something difficult | |
annoy | v: to make someone angry, anxious, or irritating slightly | |
relevance | n: the state or degree of being closely connected or appropriate to the matter at hand | |
individual | n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group | |
afflict | v: to cause pain, suffering, or distress to someone or something | |
disability | n: a physical or mental condition that makes it difficult for someone to do some things that other people do | |
remarkable | adj: worthy of attention because unusual or special | |
songbird | n: a bird with a musical call, such as a blackbird or thrush | |
odor | n: a distinctive or unpleasant smell; a scent or aroma that can be sensed through the sense of smell | |
shock | n: a strong feeling or physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected event or experience, especially something unpleasant | |
flunk | v: to fail a test, examination, or course; to perform poorly or not meet the required standard | |
phenotype | n: the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual organism that result from the interaction between its genetic makeup and the environment in which it lives | |
causal | adj: relating to or indicating a cause or the relationship between causes and effects; resulting from a cause | |
assume | v: to think or accept something to be true without having proof of it; to take or begin to have power; to begin to exhibit a specific quality or appearance | |
distract | v: to draw someone’s attention away from what they are trying to do | |
possibility | n: a chance that something may happen or be true | |
underlying | adj: significant as a cause or basis of something but not immediately apparent or stated clearly | |
delve | v: to dig or excavate deeply; to investigate or research intensively; to rummage or explore in a thorough or careful manner | |
untangle | v: to separate or straighten out something that is tangled, confused, or complicated; to clarify or make sense of something difficult to understand or explain | |
genetically | adv: in a way that relates to or is produced by genes (= the units in the cells of a living thing received by an animal or plant from its parents) or heredity | |
restore | v: to repair or return something or someone to a previous good state or position | |
dissociation | n: the separation of ideas, emotions, or memories from a person’s consciousness; a process by which molecules or compounds separate into smaller units or individual atoms | |
elliptical | adj: having the shape of an oval (= a closed plane curve); using a word or expression that is ambiguous or vague, especially to mislead or avoid committing oneself | |
structure | n: the way of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts, or a complex thing constructed of many parts | |
mushroom | n: a type of fungus that grows on dead or decaying organic matter and typically has a stalk and an umbrella-shaped cap | |
deficit | n: the total amount by which money spent is greater than money earned in a particular period of time; the property of being an amount by which something, especially an amount of money, is less than expected or required | |
rescue | v: to save someone or something from a dangerous or difficult situation | |
convinced | adj: completely certain about something; having a strong belief or conviction in a particular religion | |
flavor | n: the taste sensation produced by a substance in the mouth | |
ingenuity | n: the quality of inventing things or solving problems in clever new ways | |
generation | n: all the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively; the production of heat or electricity |