Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (193 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (44 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
skyline	n: the outline of buildings and other structures against the sky, especially when viewed from a distance
hometown	n: the town or city where one was born or grew up
vulnerable	adj: capable of being hurt or influenced physically or mentally
spot	n: a particular location or place; a small round or roundish area, differing in color or feels from the surface around it
gulf	n: a large ocean inlet or deep bay that is partially enclosed by land
devastate	v: to wreck a place or an area or cause significant damage
hurricane	n: a violent, tropical, cyclonic storm of the western North Atlantic, having wind speeds of or over 64 knots (74 miles per hour)
flood	n: a large amount of water flowing beyond its normal limits; an overwhelming number or amount
fortunate	adj: having good luck or lucky
devastating	adj: causing a great deal of destruction or damage
cyclone	n: a violent, rotating windstorm that forms over tropical waters and can cause extensive damage to coastal regions, also known as a hurricane or typhoon, depending on the region in which it occurs
aftermath	n: the consequences or results of a significant event, particularly a disaster or conflict; a period of time following a significant event
climate	n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
resilient	adj: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
collective	adj: done or shared by every member of a group of people
distribute	v: to give something to a large number of individuals, or to spread or furnish something
consequence	n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual
elderly	adj: (a polite word for) old
low-lying	adj: situated at or near ground level; located in an area that is susceptible to flooding or inundation; having a position, status, or condition that is humble or inferior in relation to others
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
ancestor	n: a person from whom one is descended; a forefather
bury	v: to place a dead body in the ground, grave, or tomb
cope	v: to deal with and overcome difficulties or problems
tension	n: a state of mental or emotional strain or excitement; the state of being stretched tight
immigration	n: the act or process of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
conflict	n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals
competition	n: a situation in which someone is attempting to beat or outperform another
fuel	n: a substance that is typically burned to generate heat or energy
stake	n: a share or financial investment in something such as a business; a wooden or metal post set up to mark something
claim	v: to assert that something is true; to demand or request something as one’s own; to lay legal or moral right to something; (noun) a demand or assertion of a right or something that one believes to be true
mineral	n: a solid inorganic substance occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition
recede	v: to pull back or move away or backward
arctic	adj: of or relating to the region around the North Pole or the Arctic Ocean; very cold
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
outweigh	v: to be heavier, more significant, or more critical than something
insure	v: to provide coverage in the event of loss or damage
industrious	adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort
struggle	v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction
mount	v: to increase, go up, or advance gradually or continuously; to prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance; to ride on something or someone
catastrophic	adj: extremely harmful; causing physical or financial destruction
extreme	adj: very great in amount or degree
military	adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare
threat	n: a strong indication or likelihood of harm, danger, or adverse consequences; an expression of intent to inflict harm or injury on someone or something, often made as a means of coercion or intimidation
multiply	v: to add a number to itself a specified number of times; to increase or cause to increase very much in number or quantity
stability	n: the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast
security	n: the state of being free from danger, risk, or harm; measures taken to protect against threats or attacks; a financial asset, such as a stock or bond that derives value exclusively from the ownership interest or claim to a particular underlying asset or obligation
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
evaluate	v: to assess or estimate the quality, significance, quantity, or value of something
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
violent	adj: involving or caused by physical force or aggression against someone or something
twin	n: either of two children born at the same time from the same mother
sect	n: a group of people who follow a particular religious or philosophical belief system, especially one that is regarded as outside the norm or mainstream
rebuild	v: to build again or anew
surge	n: a sudden and great increase of something, such as a feeling, the amount or number, etc.
efficient	adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
brad	n: a small, thin wire nail with a slight projection at the top, used for fixing or fastening materials together
ward	n: a room in a hospital for patients requiring special care
church	n: a building or institution dedicated to religious worship or activities; a Christian religious organization or denomination
attend	v: to be present at an event, to go to a place
poise	n: a calm, confident, and graceful manner with control of your feelings or behavior
electrify	v: to make a machine or system work by using electricity; to make someone extremely enthusiastic about or interested in something
grid	n: a pattern of regularly spaced horizontal and vertical lines; a system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region
solar	adj: of, from, or relating to the sun
panel	n: a square or rectangular and flat piece of something that forms a distinct section or component of something; a small group of specialists who discuss particular topics or give their advice or opinion about something
reflective	adj: showing or characterized by deep thought; capable of physically sending back light or sound
doll	n: a child’s toy that typically represents a human figure, especially a young girl; an attractive woman; a woman who is subservient or passive
proactive	adj: acting in advance to deal with an expected difficulty or to take advantage of an opportunity.
survive	v: to live or exist despite a dangerous event or period
satellite	n: an electronic device that is sent up into space and moves around the Earth or another planet, used for gathering information or communicating by radio, television, etc.
warn	v: to make someone aware of potential danger or difficulty, particularly one that may occur in the future
prone	adj: inclined or likely to do something or to show a particular characteristic, especially something bad; lying face downward
infrastructure	n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies
element	n: a fundamental or essential part of something
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
evacuate	v: to remove people or things from a place of danger or threat; to leave or abandon a place or situation, often due to fear or risk
decision	n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options
crisis	n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken
transport	n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on
refuse	v: to show that one is not willing to do or accept something
shelter	n: a structure built to protect from poor weather, danger, or attack; (verb) to protect or shield from harm or adversity, particularly relating to environmental conditions or danger
pet	n: an animal that you have at home as a companion and treated kindly
rescue	v: to save someone or something from a dangerous or difficult situation
congress	n: a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups
passe	adj: no longer fashionable or current; outdated; considered to be old-fashioned or out of date
drought	n: a long period of time during which there is very little or no rain, leading to a shortage of water and often causing damage to crops and other vegetation
population	n: the total number of people in a country, region, or location
rainfall	n: the amount of rain that falls in a specific location at a particular moment
livelihood	n: a means of earning money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc.
foundation	n: the lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically below ground level; a fundamental basis or principle upon which something is built or established; an organization that provides funding or support for charitable or educational purposes
hillside	n: the sloping side of a hill or mountain; a landscape feature characterized by a natural gradient or incline
terrace	n: commonly paved outdoor space next to a house; a row of homes that were all constructed in the same design and shared dividing walls
conserve	v: to protect something, especially the natural environment or culture, from change, damage, or destruction
confidence	n: the feeling or attitude that one can trust or rely on the abilities or good qualities of someone or something
invest	v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result
affordable	adj: not expensive and able to pay
creditor	n: a person, company, etc. to whom a debtor owes money
productive	adj: resulting in or making a lot or a significant amount of something, especially something of value
afford	v: to have enough money or time to be able to buy or do something
assist	v: to help someone in doing anything
virtue	n: high moral standards in behavior or attitudes
cycle	n: an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; a bicycle or motorcycle
replicate	v: to make an exact copy of something; to repeat a process or experiment to confirm the results
aft	adj: (the opposite of “forward”) located at or towards the rear or back of a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle
lethal	adj: causing or capable of causing death; extremely dangerous
refrigerator	n: an appliance or device used for preserving and cooling food and beverages by maintaining a low temperature within a closed compartment
festival	n: a celebration or event, usually marking a particular religious or cultural occasion, often involving processions, music, dancing, and the performance of plays or other artistic works
makeshift	adj: serving as a temporary substitute or solution; improvised
morgue	n: a place where dead bodies are kept, particularly in preparation for burial or identification by their relatives or authorities
recognize	v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered
tamp	v: to pack down or compress tightly using a tool or instrument; to suppress or reduce something, such as an emotion, a conflict, or a rumor
urban	adj: relating to or located in a town or city
outreach	n: an effort to extend help or services to people who may not be aware of them, often in a targeted manner; the process of establishing connections and communication with a wider community or audience; (verb) to reach out or make contact with people or groups to offer help, support, or information
vegetate	v: to lead a dull, inactive, or unproductive life; to exist in a passive or inactive state; to grow or develop without much energy, activity, or progress
county	n: an administrative division of a country or state, typically one of several comprising a larger division
portion	n: one component of a larger entity
degree	n: a unit of measurement for angles, temperature, or level of proficiency or achievement; a rank or level of academic or professional attainment
install	v: to fix furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position so that it can be used; put into an office or a position
split	v: to divide, or to make something divide into two or more parts, especially along a particular line
temper	n: a person’s state of mind, emotions, or attitude; a tendency to become angry or excited easily; the elasticity and hardness of a metal object
emission	n: the act of production or sending out gas, heat, light, etc.
stormwater	n: water that accumulates during and after rainfall or snowmelt, usually flowing into waterways, sewers, or drainage systems
runoff	n: the occurrence of surplus liquid such as water that exceeds the limit or capacity; another competition, election, race, etc., following a tie or inconclusive outcome
threaten	v: to utter intentions of injury or punishment against someone
ecosystem	n: all the plants and living creatures in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment
agriculture	n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock
meter	n: a device used to measure the amount of a particular substance or attribute, such as length, volume, or time; (prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse
delta	n: a triangular area of low and flat land that is formed when a river flows into a larger body of water and deposits sediment; an object shaped like an equilateral triangle
affected	adj: influenced; feeling or showing emotion, especially exaggerated emotion; not natural or sincere
locate	v: to specify or determine the exact position of someone or something
staggering	adj: so shocking as to stun or overwhelm
vital	adj: necessary for the success or continued existence of something
levee	n: an artificial embankment or wall built to prevent a river or low-lying land from flooding
runway	n: the catwalk or platform where models walk to display clothing or other fashion items during a fashion show; a strip of hard ground along which planes take off and land;
takeoff	n: a departure, especially of airplanes; the initial ascent of an airplane as it becomes airborne
dense	adj: containing a large number of people or something with little space between them
lift	v: to raise something to a higher position or level; to pick up something or somebody and move them to a different position
rethink	v: to consider again a plan, idea, etc., especially to change it
redesign	v: to design something again, especially in a different or modified form; (noun) the process of designing something again
sew	v: to join, fasten, or repair two pieces of something by putting the thread through them with a needle
treatment	n: the way in which someone deals with or behaves towards someone or something; medical care provided to a patient for an injury or illness.
outfall	n: the place where a body of water, such as a river or sewer, discharges or flows out into another body of water, typically a larger one like a lake or sea; the act of flowing out or the point of release for wastewater or other fluids
seawater	n: water from the sea or ocean, typically containing salt and various other dissolved minerals
bacteria	n: single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms that exist in large numbers in the air, water, and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease
retrofit	v: to put a new component or accessory into a machine that did not initially have it when manufactured
encourage	v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
accommodate	v: to provide someone with a place to live or to be stored in; to make fit for or to change to suit a new purpose
seawall	n: a barrier or structure made of concrete, stone, or other materials that are built along the coastline or riverbanks to protect against erosion, flooding, or waves; a structure that separates the water from the land and helps to preserve the shoreline
alter	v: to cause to change or make different
retreat	n: the act of moving back or withdrawing from a position or situation; a period of rest or relaxation away from work or everyday life
migration	n: the movement of animals to a new location, frequently as the seasons change
wetland	adj: land that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such as swamps, marshes, and bogs
barrier	n: a fence or other obstruction that makes it hard to move or get in; any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective
restore	v: to repair or return something or someone to a previous good state or position
mangrove	n: a tropical coastal tree or shrub that grows in saline soil and has prop roots that help to stabilize it
buffer	n: a device, material, or person that reduces the impact or effect of an external force or provides protection against harm or damage
inland	adj: situated or located away from the coast or a body of water; (adverb) towards or into the interior of a region
incredibly	adv: in a way that is very difficult to believe; exceedingly or extremely
subway	n: an underground railway system, typically in a city
ventilation	n: the provision of fresh air, especially to a room or building
grate	n: a metal frame or screen with parallel bars used to cover an opening or to hold fuel for a fire; a surface with parallel ridges or grooves used for grating food or other materials
functional	adj: designed for or capable of a particular activity, purpose, or task; practical or ready for use or service
attractive	adj: immensely appealing in look or sound; having characteristics or qualities that make something appealing and valuable
envision	v: to imagine or expect what a situation will be like in the future
integrate	v: to combine one thing with another so that they form a whole or work together; to accept equal participation for members of all races and ethnic groups
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
inspiring	adj: stimulating and motivating you to want to do something
empower	v: to give someone the power or authority to do something
caution	n: great care and attention that you take to avoid danger or mistakes; a warning against certain acts
adaptation	n: the action or process of changing to suit different conditions
uncharted	adj: not mapped or surveyed; unknown or unexplored; without a clear or definite course of action
territory	n: an area under the control of a ruler or state
expertise	n: specialized knowledge or skills in a particular field or subject; expert proficiency or knowledge
notion	n: a general idea or understanding of something, particularly an abstract or complex concept; a belief or opinion, often one that is not based on solid evidence or facts
anticipate	v: to expect or predict that something will happen; to tell in advance
accord	n: an official agreement or treaty between two organizations, countries, etc.; (verb) allow to have
principle	n: a fundamental law or truth that explains or controls how something happens or works
govern	v: to legally control and direct a country, city, group of people, etc. and be responsible for introducing new laws, organizing and maintaining public services
engineer	n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software
precedent	n: a previous event or action that serves as an example or rule to authorize or justify similar events or actions in the future
rely	v: to require a specific thing or the assistance and support of someone or something to continue, run properly, or succeed.
norm	n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard
operate	v: to work in a particular way; to supervise something
bound	v: to move forward by leaps and bounds; to form the boundary of something
concentration	n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else.
planet	n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star
exposure	n: the state of being in a particular situation or place where there is no protection from or guarantee to something harmful; the disclosure of something secret
thrive	v: to grow vigorously; to make steady progress
underlying	adj: significant as a cause or basis of something but not immediately apparent or stated clearly
operative	n: a person engaged in or associated with operational work, especially one who performs labor for wages; a person actively involved in a particular field or pursuit; (adjective) functioning or working effectively; engaged in or involved with a particular activity or enterprise