Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (192 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (34 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
approximately	adv: close to a specific number or time but not exactly that number or time
pregnant	adj: having a baby or young animal developing in the uterus
genetic	adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes
disorder	n: an untidy state or a lack of organization; a physical condition or illness that causes problems with how a section of the body or brain functions
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
chromosome	n: a long and string-like DNA molecule containing the part or all of the genetic material of an organism that controls what an animal or plant is like
mutation	n: the way in which genes of a person, plant, animal, or other organism change and produce permanent differences
norm	n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard
inherit	v: to receive money, property, or a title from someone after they have died
function	n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose
prop	n: a piece of wood, metal, etc., placed beneath or against something to support it or keep it in position; a system, institution, or person that gives help or support to someone or something
incurable	adj: not able to be cured, healed, or remedied; beyond recovery or redemption
progressive	adj: relating to or supporting development or advancement, especially social or political one
nervous	adj: worried and anxious about something; relating to the nerves
full-on	adj: characterized by being intense, extreme, or all-out; complete, total, or unmitigated
panic	n: a sudden strong feeling of fear that cannot be controlled and prevents reasonable thought and action
calm	adj: not excited, angry, or nervous; free from wind, large waves
bombshell	n: a sudden and unexpected piece of news or information that is shocking, startling, or disruptive; a person who is very attractive or sexy
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
ancestry	n: the family or the ethnic descent that you come from
Jewish	adj: of or relating to people whose traditional religion is Judaism
likelihood	n: the probability or chance that something will happen or be the case
frequency	n: an ordered array of colors into which a light beam can be split
heterozygote	n: an organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene, often resulting in a dominant and a recessive trait
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
descent	n: the act or process of moving downward; a person’s family origins
background	n: the details of a person’s social heritage, such as family, vocational or educational experience; past information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem
unusually	adv: in a way that is not typical or expected
seminar	n: a group meeting or class for discussion, teaching, or training on a particular subject
evolutionary	adj: relating to or denoting how living things develop or change from earlier forms
medicinal	adj: of or relating to the treatment or cure of disease
discovery	n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
evolution	n: a gradual process of transformation of living things
typical	adj: having the usual characteristics or traits of a specific group of things
eliminate	v: to remove or get rid of someone or something
defective	adj: having a flaw or fault that prevents proper functioning or usability; broken or imperfect in some way
persist	v: to continue to do and refuse to stop something despite difficulties or opposition, even if it appears unreasonable
perspective	n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something
insight	n: the ability to gain an accurate and deep understanding of people or situations; an accurate and deep understanding of what something is like
examine	v: to study or consider a person or object attentively and thoroughly to learn something about them
vulnerable	adj: capable of being hurt or influenced physically or mentally
demonstrate	v: to display something or give an exhibition to an interested audience
necessarily	adv: in an essential manner; in such a way as could not be otherwise
illustrate	v: to provide pictures, photographs, diagrams, etc. in a book or something for explanation
implication	n: something that is inferred or indirectly stated; the act or fact of being involved in something
enrich	v: to make better or improve in quality by adding something else
investigate	v: to conduct a systematic or formal inquiry to identify and evaluate the facts of a crime, problem, statement, etc. to establish the truth
intriguing	adj: arousing curiosity or interest, often due to a mysterious or complex quality; fascinating or captivating
hypothesis	n: a proposed idea or explanation that is based on a few known facts but has not yet been proven to be true or accurate
relate	v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something
advantage	n: a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position; a beneficial feature or asset that someone or something has
beneficial	adj: helpful, useful, or sound; promoting or enhancing well-being
circumstance	n: the specific conditions or events that surround a particular situation or occurrence
faulty	adj: having a defect or flaw that affects performance or operation
survive	v: to live or exist despite a dangerous event or period
reproduce	v: to make a copy of something such as a picture, piece of text, music, etc.; to produce offspring through a sexual or asexual process
phenomenon	n: something that exists and can be perceptible, especially one that is not fully understood
sickle	n: a tool consisting of a short curved blade with a handle, used for cutting grass or grain; also a symbol associated with harvest or death
anemia	n: a medical condition in which the body lacks enough red blood cells or hemoglobin, causing fatigue, weakness, or difficulty breathing; a lack of vitality or liveliness in something
tropical	adj: originating in, located in, or characteristic of the tropics
geography	n: a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth
malaria	n: a severe disease caused by a parasite that is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito
pose	v: to present a risk, problem, or other issues that must be addressed
parasite	n: an organism that lives on or in another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense
cycle	n: an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; a bicycle or motorcycle
confer	v: to have a meeting or discussion to come to a decision or agreement or exchange ideas; to bestow something
mosquito	n: a small flying insect whose female bites people and animals and sucks their blood, and sometimes transmits serious diseases such as malaria
transmit	v: to send or forward an electronic signal; to pass something from one person or thing to another
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
susceptible	adj: easily influenced, harmed, or affected by something
negative	adj: having the quality of something bad or harmful; expressing refusal
prevalence	n: the state or condition of being widespread or common; the extent or frequency of occurrence of a disease or condition in a given population at a specific time
resistance	n: the act of defending oneself from an aggressor or refusing to accept something
tuberculosis	n: an infectious disease usually caused by tubercle bacteria that can attack many parts of a person’s body, especially their lungs
hint	n: an indirect suggestion; a slight but appreciable amount of something
relation	n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another
grandparent	n: a parent of one’s father or mother
exceedingly	adv: to an extreme degree
recognize	v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered
contract	n: a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, setting out their rights and obligations to each other, typically in writing and enforceable by law
specifically	adv: only associated with or meant for one thing
novel	n: an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story; (adjective) original and of a kind not seen before
compelling	adj: arousing strong and irresistible interest, attention, or admiration
persistent	adj: continuing firmly or obstinately in the course of action despite difficulty or opposition; lasting or enduring without fading or being lost over time
prevalent	adj: existing very commonly in a particular area or in a specific time
explanation	n: the information or arguments that someone provides to make something understandable or clear
puzzle	n: a situation that is difficult to follow or solve; a game, problem, or toy that tests a person’s ingenuity or knowledge; (verb) to cause someone to feel confused because of something difficult to understand
mechanism	n: a part of a machine, or a set of parts that performs a task; a natural or established process that occurs during a specific situation or reaction
proliferate	v: to grow or increase rapidly in number; to reproduce or spread rapidly, especially in an uncontrolled manner
possibility	n: a chance that something may happen or be true
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
urban	adj: relating to or located in a town or city
ghetto	n: an area of a city in which members of a particular group, typically an ethnic minority, usually live in poverty and with a high population density
sanitation	n: the process of maintaining a clean and hygienic environment, particularly in public health and safety contexts; the practice of disposing of waste products in a safe and appropriate manner
bacteria	n: single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms that exist in large numbers in the air, water, and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease
thrive	v: to grow vigorously; to make steady progress
threat	n: a strong indication or likelihood of harm, danger, or adverse consequences; an expression of intent to inflict harm or injury on someone or something, often made as a means of coercion or intimidation
winnow	v: to separate or remove the undesirable or unnecessary parts of a group or collection; to narrow down or sift through something to find what is useful or valuable
predilection	n: a preference or inclination for something; a liking or fondness for something
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
amplify	v: to enhance something, particularly sound or brightness
relative	adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else
boost	v: to improve, raise, or increase something
incidence	n: the frequency or rate at which a particular event or condition occurs within a specific population, group, or area; the occurrence or manifestation of something, especially something harmful or unpleasant
unfortunate	adj: having bad luck or fortune; unlucky
segment	n: a part or section of something; a distinct group within a larger whole
trace	v: to find or discover someone or something that was lost
unclear	adj: poorly stated or described and therefore not easy to understand; not easy to perceive
identify	v: to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are
cellular	adj: of or connected with the cells of animals or plants; of or connected with a mobile telephone system that uses several short-range radio stations instead of wires
defend	v: to protect someone or something from attack, criticism, danger, etc.
problematic	adj: full of difficulties; difficult to deal with or solve
contribution	n: the act of giving something, especially money, to a particular cause or organization; a voluntary gift as of money or service or ideas made to some worthwhile cause
mention	v: to speak or write about something or someone briefly
stem	n: the central part of something from which other parts can develop or grow; the part of a word common to all its inflected variants; (verb) to grow out of, have roots in, or originate in
misconception	n: a belief or an idea that is wrong because it has been based on faulty thinking, understanding, or hypothesis
nutshell	n: the hard, outer covering or protective casing that encloses the kernel or fruit of certain types of nuts, such as walnuts or acorns; a concise and condensed summary or explanation of something
optimize	v: to make the best or most effective use of something
reproductive	adj: connected with the process of reproduction; relating to reproducing babies, young animals, or plants
pace	n: the speed at which someone or something moves, or the rate at which something happens or changes
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
infectious	adj: able to be passed quickly from one person, animal, or plant to another, especially through air or water
pathogen	n: a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that causes disease
constant	adj: happening repeatedly or all the time
virus	n: a tiny infectious organic material that causes disease in people, animals, and plants
immune	adj: protected against a particular disease or toxin due to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells
continuously	adv: without being interrupted or paused; repeatedly
evolve	v: to develop gradually, or to cause the development of something or someone gradually
infect	v: to affect a person, an animal, or a plant with a disease-causing organism
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
outmaneuver	v: to cleverly gain an advantage over someone, especially an opponent
distinct	adj: noticeable from something else of a similar type
disadvantage	n: a drawback or a negative aspect of something; (verb) to put someone or something in an unfavorable position
reproduction	n: the process by which organisms create offspring; the production of something similar to an original work
ample	adj: enough or more than enough; having plenty of something
illustration	n: a picture or diagram in a book, magazine, or newspaper that is used to explain or decorate the text; the act or process of explaining something
resist	v: to refuse to accept something and attempt to prevent it from happening
physiological	adj: relating to the normal functioning of living organisms and their organs and systems; concerning the physical or biochemical processes and activities that occur within the body
extreme	adj: very great in amount or degree
balance	n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away
highlight	v: to make something prominent, mainly so that people give it more attention
constraint	n: a limit or restriction on something, such as an action, behavior, or thought
inherent	adj: existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute
instance	n: a particular example or single occurrence of something
improvisation	n: the act of making something up on the spot or creating or performing something without preparation
survival	n: the state of continuing to exist or live, frequently in the face of difficulty or danger
cascade	n: a small waterfall or series of small waterfalls; a succession of stages or operations or processes or units
engineer	n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software
scratch	v: to cut or damage the surface of something or the skin with a sharp or pointed object
optimal	adj: the best; most likely to be successful or advantageous
compromise	v: to settle a problem or disagreement by mutual concession
currency	n: a system of money in general use in a particular country
degenerate	v: (of a person, animal, or plant) to become worse in health or physical condition
neurological	adj: of or relating to the science of neurology or the nervous system
detrimental	adj: causing harm or damage
biomedical	adj: relating to the application of the natural sciences, especially biology, and physiology, to clinical medicine and healthcare
proximate	adj: very near or close, either in space or time; immediately preceding or following something
immediate	adj: happening or done without delay or occurring shortly after something else
near-sighted	adj: having difficulty seeing objects at a distance; myopic
discuss	v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic
adopt	v: to choose to follow something; to legally take a child from another family and care for them as if they were one’s own
broad	adj: very wide; general
ultimate	adj: furthest or highest in degree or order
crucial	adj: extremely vital or necessary
mitigate	v: to make less severe or less intense; to alleviate or lessen the adverse effects of something
engaging	adj: attracting, pleasant, or charming
interact	v: to communicate or react with somebody
vision	n: the ability to think about or see the future with imagination and intelligence; the faculty of being able to see
landscape	n: an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view; a large area of land, especially in the country and relating to its appearance
hunt	v: to go after and try to catch wild animals to kill them for food, sport, or profit
intense	adj: (especially of a feeling) very strong; extremely sharp or severe
strain	n: a force or pressure that stretches or pulls something, sometimes causing damage; (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups
inescapable	adj: impossible to avoid or evade
conclude	v: to come to an end or close; to reach a judgment or opinion by reasoning
emerge	v: to move out of or away from something and become visible
obesity	n: the condition of being significantly overweight, typically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater.
diabetes	n: a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control the glucose levels in the blood
autoimmune	adj: relating to a condition in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue, mistaking it for harmful foreign substances
injury	n: harm done to a person’s or an animal’s body caused by an accident or an attack
encourage	v: to give someone support, confidence, or hope; to persuade someone to do or continue to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do
contribute	v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people
inheritance	n: the money, property, etc., that someone gives you when they die; (genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from ancestors
decision	n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options
predisposition	n: a tendency or inclination to a particular behavior or condition, often due to genetic or environmental factors
claim	v: to assert that something is true; to demand or request something as one’s own; to lay legal or moral right to something; (noun) a demand or assertion of a right or something that one believes to be true
influence	n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself
spouse	n: a person’s husband, wife, or partner in marriage
tradition	n: a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has been passed down from generation to generation within a group or society
genetically	adv: in a way that relates to or is produced by genes (= the units in the cells of a living thing received by an animal or plant from its parents) or heredity
odds	n: the degree or probability that a particular thing will or will not happen
inspire	v: to make somebody fill with the desire, confidence, or enthusiasm, especially to do something creative