Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (189 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (53 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
biotechnology | n: the application of technological processes and methods to biological systems to develop new products or techniques, such as genetically modified organisms or biopharmaceuticals | |
planet | n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star | |
evolution | n: a gradual process of transformation of living things | |
ecology | n: the study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment | |
niche | n: a specialized role or position that a species occupies within an ecosystem; a job or position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
random | adj: made, done, or happening without method, conscious decision, or any regular pattern | |
mutation | n: the way in which genes of a person, plant, animal, or other organism change and produce permanent differences | |
preserve | v: to keep or maintain a particular quality, feature, etc., especially to prevent it from decaying, being damaged, or being destroyed | |
evolutionary | adj: relating to or denoting how living things develop or change from earlier forms | |
evolve | v: to develop gradually, or to cause the development of something or someone gradually | |
settle | v: to reach an agreement of disagreement | |
agriculture | n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock | |
communal | adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use | |
modern | adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times | |
medicinal | adj: of or relating to the treatment or cure of disease | |
intentional | adj: done, made or performed with purpose and intent | |
intelligent | adj: having the capacity for thought and reason, especially to a high degree | |
intentionally | adv: in a planned or intended way | |
physiological | adj: relating to the normal functioning of living organisms and their organs and systems; concerning the physical or biochemical processes and activities that occur within the body | |
inhabit | v: to live in a specific location; to reside | |
whirlwind | n: a very strong wind that moves rapidly in circles and causes a lot of damage | |
implication | n: something that is inferred or indirectly stated; the act or fact of being involved in something | |
breed | v: to keep animals for producing offspring in a regulated manner | |
creature | n: a living being, especially an animal | |
trait | n: a particular feature of your nature | |
offspring | n: descendant; any immature animal or plant | |
buffalo | n: a large wild ox with shaggy hair found in Asia and North America | |
cattle | n: cows, bulls, and buffalos that are raised for their milk or meat as farm animals | |
hybrid | adj: composed of different elements or mixed characters | |
slaughter | n: the killing of a large number of animals or people brutally and indiscriminately; a violent and bloody event that results in the death of many individuals | |
afterward | adv: after the time mentioned | |
cam | n: a device or mechanism that converts rotary motion to linear motion or vice versa; a revolving cylinder with an irregular shape used in machinery to convert rotary motion into intermittent or reciprocating motion; an abbreviation for camera | |
camel | n: a cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions | |
llama | n: a domesticated South American mammal with a long, soft, woolly fleece and a long neck and legs, typically used for wool, meat, and as a pack animal | |
hardy | adj: able to withstand harsh conditions or difficult circumstances; robust, sturdy, or resilient | |
liger | n: a hybrid cross between a male lion and a female tiger, possessing qualities of both parent species | |
genetic | adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes | |
zebra | n: a wild, horse-like mammal native to Africa with distinctive black-and-white stripes | |
photoshop | v: to edit or manipulate digital images or photographs using Adobe Photoshop software or similar tools | |
enhancement | n: the act of improving or making something better | |
manipulate | v: to influence or control something or someone to your advantage, often in an unfair or dishonest way | |
norm | n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard | |
genetics | n: the branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms | |
genetically | adv: in a way that relates to or is produced by genes (= the units in the cells of a living thing received by an animal or plant from its parents) or heredity | |
engineer | n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software | |
bioluminescence | n: the production and emission of light by living creatures, such as glowworms, fireflies, etc. | |
jellyfish | n: a marine creature with a soft, jelly-like body and tentacles for stinging | |
glow | v: to give out a steady, strong light | |
glowing | adj: highly enthusiastic; greatly praised | |
wavelength | n: the distance between two points in the same phase in consecutive cycles of a wave | |
pup | n: a young dog, seal, or other animals | |
kitten | n: a young cat | |
puppy | n: a young dog, usually less than a year old | |
leap | v: to jump or spring into the air, often with the feet leaving the ground or a surface below; to move quickly or suddenly, often forward or upward | |
ape | n: a large animal with long arms, no tail, and usually a lot of body hair, including gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and gibbons | |
theoretical | adj: relating to the concepts and principles upon which a particular topic is founded, rather than practice and experience | |
pet | n: an animal that you have at home as a companion and treated kindly | |
normally | adv: usually; under normal conditions | |
ban | v: to officially or legally forbid or refuse to allow something | |
government | n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state | |
decide | v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options | |
salmon | n: a type of fish that is commonly found in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans | |
decision | n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
modify | v: to change something slightly, such as a plan, option, law, etc., especially to make it more suitable for a particular purpose | |
component | n: one of several parts that combines with others to form something bigger | |
identification | n: the act or process of recognizing, proving, or designating someone or something | |
clone | n: a plant or animal whose genetic information is identical to that of a parent organism from which it was created; an unauthorized copy or imitation | |
doll | n: a child’s toy that typically represents a human figure, especially a young girl; an attractive woman; a woman who is subservient or passive | |
nation | n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture | |
resign | v: to give up a position or job voluntarily; to accept something unpleasant or undesirable as inevitable | |
disgrace | n: a loss of respect, honor, or dignity; a state of shame or public humiliation; an action or behavior that is seen as immoral or unacceptable; (verb) to bring shame, dishonor, or discredit upon someone or something | |
claim | v: to assert that something is true; to demand or request something as one’s own; to lay legal or moral right to something; (noun) a demand or assertion of a right or something that one believes to be true | |
embryo | n: an animal organism in the early stages of growth, either in its mother’s womb or in an egg, or a plant that is developing in a seed | |
genome | n: the complete set or sequence of genes of a human, animal, plant, or other living things | |
geld | v: to castrate (= to remove the testicles) a male animal, particularly a horse or bull, to render it sterile and more docile for specific purposes such as work or temperament | |
equip | v: to provide a person or a place with the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity | |
stud | n: a small object with a head on one end and a sharp point on the other, used for fastening clothing, leather, or other materials; an animal used for breeding, typically a male horse or bull that is of superior breeding stock; (verb) to decorate or adorn with studs; to provide with studs for support | |
advantage | n: a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position; a beneficial feature or asset that someone or something has | |
identical | adj: being the exact same one | |
duplicate | v: to make or be an exact copy of something; to reproduce something | |
calf | n: a young cow, bull, or other domestic bovine animals | |
piglet | n: a young or small pig | |
dotcom | n: a company or business that primarily operates on the Internet or has a web-based presence, particularly during the late 1990s and early 2000s when the Internet was a new and rapidly growing industry | |
addition | n: the act or process of adding something to something else; the process of adding numbers | |
endangered | adj: at risk of extinction because it is facing significant threats | |
thrombin | n: an enzyme that plays a vital role in the clotting of blood, converting the inactive protein fibrinogen into fibrin, which forms a mesh to create a blood clot | |
molecule | n: a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds | |
transgenic | adj: relating to or characterized by the transfer of genes from one species to another, typically done in genetic engineering and biotechnology | |
institute | n: an organization that has a specific purpose, particularly one dealing with science, education, or a particular profession; (verb) to initiate, introduce, or establish something | |
industrial | adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry | |
chemical | adj: relating to or connected with chemistry; | |
ungulate | n: a hoofed mammal, characterized by having hooves as their primary means of support and movement, including animals such as horses, cows, deer, and giraffes | |
somatic | adj: relating to the body, especially as distinct from the mind or spirit; pertaining to the physical aspects of an organism or its functions | |
gestation | n: the state of being pregnant; the period during which an embryo or fetus develops, usually about 280 days in humans | |
ovary | n: either of the pair of organs in the female reproductive system that produces eggs; (of a plant) the organ that bears the ovules of a flower | |
cow | n: a domesticated mammal with characteristic features such as a hump, large udders, and curved horns that is raised for its milk or meat | |
biology | n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things | |
nucleus | n: the central and most important part of something; (biology) a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction; (physics) the very dense central region of an atom | |
mitochondria | n: (singular: mitochondrion) an organelle (= a specialized part of a cell) found in large numbers in most cells that produce energy for the cell by breaking down food | |
packet | n: a small container or envelope that holds one or more items typically used for storing or transporting items like food, medicine, or marketing materials | |
define | v: to state or explain precisely the nature, scope, or meaning of something | |
cockroach | n: a flat, brown or black, chiefly nocturnal insects sometimes found in the home | |
electrode | n: either of two points or ends of a conductor at which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region | |
ganglion | n: a group of nerve cells located outside the brain and spinal cord, often forming a swelling or knot; responsible for controlling certain bodily functions or movements | |
brain | n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling | |
transmitter | n: a piece of equipment used for generating and sending electronic signals, especially radio or television signals | |
lab | n: a workplace for the conduct of scientific research; a laboratory | |
backward | adv: at, to, or toward the direction or place that is behind or rear | |
insect | n: any small creature that has six legs and a body divided into three sections | |
bot | n: a computer program or software application that is capable of performing automated tasks, often on the internet; a type of electronic device that provides autonomous service or assistance to users | |
defend | v: to protect someone or something from attack, criticism, danger, etc. | |
agency | n: an organization or business that is responsible for specific activities or services, especially when representing other organizations or businesses; the capacity or power to act or exert influence; the ability to make decisions and take action | |
goliath | n: a biblical figure and legendary giant warrior whom the young shepherd David defeated; a symbol of great strength or size | |
beetle | n: an insect having a hard shell-like back covering its wings | |
chip | n: a small fragment of something broken off from the whole; a long and thin piece of potato fried in oil or fat | |
strap | n: a long, narrow strip or belt of leather, fabric, or another material used for binding, fastening, or supporting something or someone; a band or string that attaches one object to another, often used to secure items during transport | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
moth | n: an insect with wings similar to a butterfly that travels at night and is attracted to light | |
pupa | n: the intermediate stage in the development of an insect between the larva and the adult | |
emerge | v: to move out of or away from something and become visible | |
hook | n: a curved device used for suspending, holding, or pulling something, especially one attached to a surface for hanging things on; a sharp curve or crook | |
surveillance | n: the act of carefully monitoring a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed or expected | |
ordinance | n: a law or regulation enacted by a local government or governing authority; typically used about laws that concern public health, safety, or morals | |
zone | n: a specific area, region, or section that is marked off or defined in some way | |
hemisphere | n: half of the terrestrial globe; half of a sphere | |
maze | n: a complex network of winding passages or pathways designed as a puzzle or challenge for people to navigate through | |
organic | adj: of or derived from biological substance; producing plants and animals for food and other items without the use of synthetic chemicals | |
graduate | n: a person who has a first degree from university or college; (verb) to complete the first course of university or college and get a degree | |
ethical | adj: of or relating to principles about what is right and wrong, or the branch of knowledge dealing with these | |
autonomy | n: the right of an organization, country, or region to govern itself independently | |
owl | n: a nocturnal bird of prey with large eyes, a facial disc, and typically a loud hooting call | |
movement | n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively | |
hooked | adj: being caught or caught up in something; curved down like an eagle’s beak | |
prosthetic | adj: of or relating to an artificial part of the body, such as a limb, a heart, or a breast implant | |
brainwave | n: a sudden idea or inspiration; a moment of great insight or creativity | |
monitor | v: to observe, check, and track the progress or quality of something over a period of time | |
cage | n: a structure made of metal bars or wire in which birds or animals can be kept | |
fascinate | v: to attract and hold the attention of someone deeply and irresistibly | |
recognize | v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered | |
eventually | adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on | |
primate | n: any mammal of the order Primates, which includes monkeys, apes, and humans | |
independence | n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence | |
functional | adj: designed for or capable of a particular activity, purpose, or task; practical or ready for use or service | |
disaggregate | v: to separate something into its parts or smaller units, often for analysis or examination | |
neuron | n: a cell that is specialized to carry information within the brain and between the brain and other parts of the body | |
individual | n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group | |
aggregate | n: a collection or sum of different things often used to describe a total or combination of items | |
integrate | v: to combine one thing with another so that they form a whole or work together; to accept equal participation for members of all races and ethnic groups | |
mechanism | n: a part of a machine, or a set of parts that performs a task; a natural or established process that occurs during a specific situation or reaction | |
flee | v: to leave by running away, especially out of fear or danger | |
fin | n: a thin flat part on the body of a fish or other aquatic animal used for propulsion or balance | |
intact | adj: undamaged and complete | |
eel | n: a type of elongated, snake-like fish that lives in freshwater or saltwater and has a slimy, scaleless body and no pelvic fins | |
nutrient | n: any substance that is essential for the maintenance and growth of living things | |
medium | adj: of a size, amount, or level that is average or intermediate; (noun) a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information | |
attach | v: to fasten, join, or connect one thing to another | |
photosensitive | adj: sensitive or responsive to light, particularly in a scientific or medical context; referring to the ability to react to or be affected by light | |
process | n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products | |
photophilic | adj: describing an organism or substance that exhibits a preference for light or thrives in well-lit conditions | |
immunology | n: the branch of medical science that deals with the immune system of the body and its functions, including the body’s response to foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria; it also involves the study of immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, and immunotherapies | |
polymer | n: a substance composed of macromolecules (= large groups of atoms) made from many smaller and simpler molecules | |
scaffold | n: a temporary platform or structure used to support workers and materials during construction or maintenance work | |
transplant | v: to move or transfer something from one place or person to another; to take living tissue or an organ from one person, animal, part of the body, etc. and put it into or onto another | |
physiology | n: the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms | |
vent | n: a small opening to escape or release gas, air, liquid, etc.; activity or process that frees or expresses strong creative energy or emotion | |
synthesizer | n: an electronic musical instrument that generates audio signals and is used to create a wide range of sounds, from imitations of traditional instruments to entirely new sounds | |
reproduce | v: to make a copy of something such as a picture, piece of text, music, etc.; to produce offspring through a sexual or asexual process | |
economical | adj: providing a satisfactory return on the money, time, or effort; not using more money, fuel, etc. than necessary | |
consequence | n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual | |
chain | n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle | |
plasma | n: (biology) the yellow-colored liquid component of blood, in which blood cells are suspended; (physics) one of the four fundamental states of matter consisting of positive ions and free electrons | |
unprecedented | adj: never having been seen, done, or known before | |
confer | v: to have a meeting or discussion to come to a decision or agreement or exchange ideas; to bestow something | |
responsible | adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management | |
reign | n: the period of time during which a monarch or government holds power; (verb) to be the king or queen | |
retriever | n: a dog bred and trained for retrieving game, particularly birds, for hunters; a device or machine designed for retrieving or recovering items that are difficult to reach or obtain | |
fur | n: the hairy coat of a mammal, especially when fine, soft, and thick | |
industrious | adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort | |
saliva | n: the clear liquid that is secreted into the mouth by glands in the walls of the mouth and throat, helping to lubricate food during chewing and digestion | |
fluid | n: a substance that can flow and is not solid | |
warehouse | n: a large building for storing goods and merchandise, especially before they are sold, used, or sent out to shops | |
manufacture | v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines | |
guideline | n: a general rule or principle that provides guidance to appropriate behavior; a piece of advice or instructions that tell you how something should be done or what something should be | |
fiction | n: the type of book or story, especially novels, that describes imaginary events and people; anything made up or imagined that is not true | |
enormous | adj: extremely large or great | |
ethics | n: a branch of philosophy that considers what is morally right and wrong conduct; a set of beliefs about what is morally right and wrong | |
determinant | n: a factor, circumstance, or condition that contributes to the shaping, influencing, or determining of a particular outcome or result |