Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (173 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (38 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
atmospheric | adj: about or located in the earth’s atmosphere | |
technological | adj: based on scientific and industrial progress | |
conservative | adj: holding traditional views and values and opposed to change or innovation | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
colleague | n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business | |
undergraduate | n: a student who is studying for their first degree at a university or other higher education institution | |
geology | n: a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks | |
cavern | n: a large, natural underground space | |
carbon | n: a chemical element that can be found in pure form as diamond or graphite, and it is also an essential part of coal and oil and is found in all plants and animals | |
cycle | n: an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; a bicycle or motorcycle | |
slump | v: to fall or sink suddenly, often due to loss of support or stability; to decline or decrease abruptly, as in business or economic conditions; to become despondent or dispirited; (noun) a sudden or prolonged decline or drop in value, price, or quality | |
doze | v: to sleep lightly or for a short period of time | |
encouraging | adj: giving hope, confidence, or support; inspiring | |
democracy | n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so | |
baptize | v: to make someone officially a member of the Christian Church by baptism (= a form of Christian ritual purification) | |
increasingly | adv: more and more | |
predict | v: to state beforehand that something will happen in the future, mainly based on knowledge or experience | |
climate | n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period | |
responsible | adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management | |
spectrum | n: an ordered array of colors into which a light beam can be split | |
doe | n: a mature female of mammals of which the male is called a buck, such as a deer or a rabbit | |
thermometer | n: a device used to measure temperature, typically consisting of a glass or plastic tube containing a column of liquid, such as mercury, that rises and falls with changes in temperature | |
liberal | adj: willing to respect or allow many different types of beliefs or behavior; open-minded | |
planet | n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star | |
wean | v: to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal with its mother’s milk and to start or accustom to eating other food | |
fossil | n: any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing that has become hard and turned into rock | |
fuel | n: a substance that is typically burned to generate heat or energy | |
government | n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state | |
excuse | n: a reason or explanation, either true or invented, given to justify a fault or defend your behavior; (verb) to make someone free from blame or clear from guilt | |
disrupt | v: to prevent or stop something, especially an event, activity, or process, from continuing in the usual way by causing a problem or disturbance | |
argument | n: a set of statements or reasons used to support or refute a proposition or theory; a verbal or physical fight or dispute | |
ideology | n: a set of beliefs or philosophies that an economic or political system is based on | |
identity | n: the fact of being who or what somebody or something is; the features, emotions, or ideas that distinguish persons from one another | |
pundit | n: an expert, authority, or knowledgeable commentator who frequently expresses opinions or gives analysis on a particular subject or issue | |
politician | n: a person who is a member of a government or law-making organization, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc. | |
myth | n: an ancient story or set of stories accepted as history, especially explaining the worldview of a people | |
communicate | v: to share or exchange information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals | |
poll | n: an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people; the process of voting at an election | |
rub | v: to move one’s hand or an object over the surface of something with pressure | |
quarter | n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion | |
vicious | adj: having or showing a desire to cause harm to others; having the nature of vice | |
precipitation | n: moisture that condenses from the atmosphere and falls to the earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail; an unexpected acceleration or hastening | |
frequent | adj: happening constantly | |
hurricane | n: a violent, tropical, cyclonic storm of the western North Atlantic, having wind speeds of or over 64 knots (74 miles per hour) | |
intense | adj: (especially of a feeling) very strong; extremely sharp or severe | |
release | v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement | |
doom | n: death, destruction, or some other terrible situation that cannot be avoided | |
suppose | v: to think that something is likely to be actual or possible | |
radiate | v: to spread out or emit something, such as light or heat, in all directions | |
parameterize | v: to describe or represent something as a parameter (= a numerical or measurable factor that defines a system and determines its performance) or parameters | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
coal | n: a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is found below the ground and burnt to produce heat | |
trap | n: a piece of equipment or hole for catching animals or people; (verb) to catch animals or people and prevent them from escaping | |
wrap | v: to cover or enclose something entirely with paper, cloth, or other material | |
blanket | n: a large piece of soft material used to cover or wrap a person or thing to keep them warm; (adjective) broad in scope or content | |
warn | v: to make someone aware of potential danger or difficulty, particularly one that may occur in the future | |
president | n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc. | |
reject | v: to refuse to accept, consider, or use something or someone | |
argue | v: to express differing opinions or points of view, often in a heated or contentious manner; to present a case or reasoning to persuade or convince others | |
trench | n: a long, deep ditch made in the ground, usually parallel to a plate boundary and marking a subduction zone; a long ditch built in the ground for carrying away water | |
genuine | adj: real and exactly; not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed | |
communal | adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use | |
outdo | v: to do better than someone; to surpass | |
hike | n: a long walk or journey, especially for pleasure or exercise; an increase in cost | |
hunt | v: to go after and try to catch wild animals to kill them for food, sport, or profit | |
economy | n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel | |
nation | n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture | |
faith | n: complete trust in something or someone’s ability or knowledge; a strong belief in religion, divine power, etc. | |
Christ | n: the man that Christians believe is the prophet and the son of God, and whose life and sermons form the basis for Christianity | |
incredible | adj: unbelievable; enormous | |
fortunate | adj: having good luck or lucky | |
suffer | v: to experience pain, distress, or hardship; to undergo or endure something painful or unpleasant | |
poverty | n: the condition of being extremely poor | |
disease | n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems | |
conversation | n: an informal talk between two or more people to exchange their views, ideas, information, etc. | |
tick | n: a light, sharp, repetitive sound or action; a mark indicating that something is correct or has been done; any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis | |
dot | n: a very small circular mark, especially one that is printed | |
scarce | adj: not abundant or plentiful, and therefore not easy to find or obtain | |
avail | v: to help or benefit; to use or take advantage of | |
military | adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare | |
threat | n: a strong indication or likelihood of harm, danger, or adverse consequences; an expression of intent to inflict harm or injury on someone or something, often made as a means of coercion or intimidation | |
multiply | v: to add a number to itself a specified number of times; to increase or cause to increase very much in number or quantity | |
crisis | n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken | |
refugee | n: a displaced person who has crossed national borders and who cannot or is unwilling to return home due to political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war | |
exacerbate | v: to make a situation, problem, or feeling worse | |
rot | v: to decay, or cause something to decay, naturally and gradually | |
rotary | adj: relating to, revolving around, or characterized by rotation or a revolving motion | |
giant | adj: enormous; much bigger or more important than similar items usually are | |
banner | n: a long strip of cloth or paper bearing a symbol, logo, slogan, or another message, especially carried in a demonstration or procession or hung in a public place; a form of the online advertisement appearing on a web page | |
absolutely | adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly | |
unfair | adj: not giving equal treatment or opportunities to people involved; marked by injustice, partiality, or deception | |
contribute | v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people | |
brunt | n: the force or impact of something, often used to describe the full force of an attack or criticism | |
beneficial | adj: helpful, useful, or sound; promoting or enhancing well-being | |
goodwill | n: a friendly or cooperative attitude or feeling between people, businesses, or nations; the reputation or value that a business, organization, or brand has in the community | |
reorganize | v: to change to a more sufficient or suitable form of organization | |
businessperson | n: a person who is engaged in business, typically as an owner or executive | |
bemused | adj: mildly puzzled or confused but also amused | |
fellow | adj: someone who has the same job or interests as you, or is in the same class, profession, or situation as you | |
church | n: a building or institution dedicated to religious worship or activities; a Christian religious organization or denomination | |
traction | n: the action or ability to pull something along a surface without sliding | |
denomination | n: a religious group or branch, usually including many local churches; a value or size of a banknote, coin, or postage stamp | |
attend | v: to be present at an event, to go to a place | |
atheist | n: a person who denies or disbelieves the existence of a deity or deities | |
involve | v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else | |
identify | v: to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are | |
flood | n: a large amount of water flowing beyond its normal limits; an overwhelming number or amount | |
wildfire | n: a large, uncontrolled fire that spreads quickly through a natural area such as a forest, grassland, or mountain slope | |
locate | v: to specify or determine the exact position of someone or something | |
gulf | n: a large ocean inlet or deep bay that is partially enclosed by land | |
typhoon | n: a tropical storm with strong winds and heavy rain, typically occurring in the western Pacific Ocean | |
cyclone | n: a violent, rotating windstorm that forms over tropical waters and can cause extensive damage to coastal regions, also known as a hurricane or typhoon, depending on the region in which it occurs | |
drought | n: a long period of time during which there is very little or no rain, leading to a shortage of water and often causing damage to crops and other vegetation | |
severe | adj: extremely serious or bad in feeling, manner, or strict and harsh; extremely strong or vigorous | |
scare | v: to frighten a person or animal, or to become frightened | |
pants | n: an item of clothing that covers the lower part of the body and each leg separately, typically with a waistband and two legs | |
motivate | v: to make someone want to do something, especially something that requires tremendous work and effort | |
sustained | adj: lasting for a long time or continuing for a long time without becoming weaker or less intense | |
recognize | v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered | |
stake | n: a share or financial investment in something such as a business; a wooden or metal post set up to mark something | |
vision | n: the ability to think about or see the future with imagination and intelligence; the faculty of being able to see | |
abundant | adj: present in great quantity | |
stable | adj: firm and steady; not easily moved, disturbed, or changed | |
practical | adj: of or connected with actual use or real situation rather than with theory and ideas | |
viable | adj: capable of being done as intended; able to succeed | |
attractive | adj: immensely appealing in look or sound; having characteristics or qualities that make something appealing and valuable | |
bullet | n: a metal projectile that is shot from a gun | |
buck | n: a male deer; a unit of currency, especially the US dollar; a sudden jolt or movement; a young man; (verb) to resist or oppose something, such as an authority, trend, or convention | |
footprint | n: a mark of a foot, shoe, or animal’s foot left on a surface | |
bulb | n: a rounded underground storage organ of some plants from which the plant grows; the rounded part of a cylindrical structure; electric lamp consisting of a glass ball | |
shingle | n: a thin piece of wood, slate, or other material used as a roof covering or siding | |
fridge | n: a piece of electrical equipment in which food can be stored at low temperatures so that it stays fresh | |
chain | n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle | |
irony | n: the expression of one’s meaning by using language that usually signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or rhetorical effect | |
invitation | n: a spoken or written request to participate or be present or take part in something | |
critic | n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc. | |
mass | n: a large amount of a substance with no definite shape or form; a large number of people or things grouped or crowded together | |
minimize | v: to make something, especially something bad, small or less serious | |
transit | n: the act or process of passing through or across a place or state; transportation | |
emission | n: the act of production or sending out gas, heat, light, etc. | |
industrious | adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort | |
electrify | v: to make a machine or system work by using electricity; to make someone extremely enthusiastic about or interested in something | |
renewable | adj: capable of being renewed, extended, or replaced | |
fort | n: a military structure designed to be defended from attack | |
hood | n: a covering for the head and neck, especially one attached to a garment | |
taxpayer | n: a person who pays taxes to the government | |
sub-Saharan | adj: of or relating to or situated in the area south of the Sahara Desert | |
kerosene | n: a flammable, colorless, or pale yellow liquid derived from the distillation of petroleum, used as a fuel for lamps, stoves, and heaters | |
investor | n: someone who puts money or capital into something to gain financial returns | |
nonprofit | adj: not established for commercial profit | |
corporation | n: a large company or group of companies that are controlled together by law as a single unit | |
innovative | adj: introducing or using new methods, ideas, etc. | |
finance | n: the management of money, credit, banking, and investments, especially by a government or commercial organization; the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets | |
scheme | n: an organized and often large-scale plan or arrangement for doing something | |
pay-as-you-go | adj: (also known as a “pay-as-you-use” or “pay-per-use”) describing a payment model or system in which users pay for goods or services as they are consumed, rather than paying for an entire service or product upfront | |
increment | n: a regular increase in the amount of something, such as money; a process of becoming larger, longer, or more important | |
distribute | v: to give something to a large number of individuals, or to spread or furnish something | |
estimate | v: to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something | |
essential | adj: indispensable; fundamental | |
invest | v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result | |
panel | n: a square or rectangular and flat piece of something that forms a distinct section or component of something; a small group of specialists who discuss particular topics or give their advice or opinion about something | |
replace | v: to take the place of something | |
incandescent | adj: emitting light as a result of being heated; shining brightly; passionate or enthusiastic | |
decarbonize | v: to stop or reduce emitting carbon gases, especially carbon dioxide, by replacing energy made from fossil fuels with renewable energy | |
fleet | n: a group of military ships, aircraft, etc., operating together under the same ownership; (adjective) moving very fast | |
industrialize | v: to organize the production of something into an industry | |
rely | v: to require a specific thing or the assistance and support of someone or something to continue, run properly, or succeed. | |
primarily | adv: mainly | |
boulder | n: a large, smooth rock, typically one that has been worn away from a cliff or mountain by erosion | |
roll | v: to move in a particular direction by turning over and over or from side to side | |
daunting | adj: looking challenging to manage in prospect; making someone anxious and less confident about carrying out something | |
despair | n: the feeling that there is no hope and you cannot do anything to improve a difficult situation | |
inspire | v: to make somebody fill with the desire, confidence, or enthusiasm, especially to do something creative |