Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (171 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (31 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
crucible	n: a vessel made of ceramic, metal, or other materials used for melting or fusing substances at high temperatures; a difficult or trying experience that tests one’s character or resilience
civilization	n: a complex and highly organized society that has developed over time and has a dominant culture, including features such as language, religion, government, technology, and social customs
expand	v: to increase or to make something greater in size, number, or importance
urbanization	n: the process of population growth and physical expansion of cities, often involving increased migration from rural areas and the development of urban infrastructure and culture
exponential	adj: becoming more and more rapid; of or involving mathematical exponents
planet	n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star
dominate	v: to have or control a lot of power and influence over somebody or something
origin	n: the first existence or beginning of something
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
pollution	n: the introduction of harmful substances or waste into the natural environment that causes adverse change
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
finance	n: the management of money, credit, banking, and investments, especially by a government or commercial organization; the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
confront	v: to face, meet or deal with a problem or difficult situation or person
tsunami	n: a huge ocean wave caused by an earthquake, volcano, or other disturbance
sustainable	adj: able to continue or be continued for a long time
quest	n: a long or challenging search for something
reflection	n: the act of thinking deeply about something, or the ability to think deeply; the image of something that is seen in a mirror or other reflective surface
numb	adj: unable to feel physical sensation and movement; not showing human feeling or sensitivity
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
urbanize	v: to make an area more urban in character or nature, often through the development and expansion of cities or towns
halfway	adj: in or at a point midway or an equal distance between two points
foresee	v: to perceive or predict; to anticipate or expect something to happen in the future
affected	adj: influenced; feeling or showing emotion, especially exaggerated emotion; not natural or sincere
extraordinary	adj: exceptional, unexpected, very unusual; surpassing the ordinary or usual
phenomenon	n: something that exists and can be perceptible, especially one that is not fully understood
negative	adj: having the quality of something bad or harmful; expressing refusal
aspect	n: one part or feature of a situation, problem, subject, etc.
vacuum	n: a space empty of matter; a device or tool used for cleaning or removing debris by creating suction
magnet	n: an object or substance that can attract certain materials, such as iron or steel
creative	adj: relating to or involving the use of skill and original and unusual ideas to create something
innovation	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation
wealth	n: a large amount of money, property, or other things that someone or an organization owns
dual	adj: having two parts, aspects, or elements
urgent	adj: requiring immediate attention or action; pressing
comrade	n: a close associate, friend, or companion, especially one who shares one’s interests, beliefs, or political convictions; a fellow member of an organization, especially a military or political group, who shares a common cause or objective
entropy	n: a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty
indicator	n: something that shows or points out what a situation is like or how a situation is changing
provocative	adj: arousing anger, interest, or another strong reaction, especially deliberately
desperately	adv: in a way that shows a lack of hope and a willingness to do anything because of the problematic situation; with great urgency
quantifiable	adj: able to be measured, expressed, or quantified in numerical or statistical terms
rely	v: to require a specific thing or the assistance and support of someone or something to continue, run properly, or succeed.
underlying	adj: significant as a cause or basis of something but not immediately apparent or stated clearly
generic	adj: not specific; not linked to a particular brand or product
principle	n: a fundamental law or truth that explains or controls how something happens or works
predict	v: to state beforehand that something will happen in the future, mainly based on knowledge or experience
framework	n: the structural components of a building or object that support its weight and give it form; the underlying structure of a system, concept, or text
conceivable	adj: imaginable or possible to understand or believe in the mind
universal	adj: existing or affecting everywhere or everyone
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
whale	n: a very large sea mammal that has a streamlined body and breathes through a blowhole on the head; a very large person; impressive in size or qualities
anthill	n: a mound or hill made by a colony of ants, often as a nest or shelter, which can vary in size and shape depending on the species of ant and the surrounding environment
metaphor	n: a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not denote to suggest a similarity
metabolism	n: the set of chemical reactions in cells or organisms that are necessary for life-sustaining
substance	n: the real physical material of which a thing or person consist; the most important or main part of some idea or experience; an illegal drug
atom	n: the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element, composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus
bomb	n: a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or injure people or to cause damage to something
survive	v: to live or exist despite a dangerous event or period
bust	v: to break something; (noun) a woman’s chest, or the measurement around a woman’s chest; (noun) an occasion for something excessive, such as work, eating, drinking, etc.
branch	n: a division of a tree or woody shrub that grows out from the trunk or a main stem; a division of some larger or more complex organization
canopy	n: a covering, typically of fabric, supported on poles or suspended above a bed, throne, or other object, used to shelter or screen the person or object below it
mortality	n: the quality or state of being subject to death
mathematics	n: the science dealing with the logic of quantities, shapes, spaces, and arrangement
recognize	v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered
scalable	adj: capable of being easily expanded or increased in size, number, or scale to meet changing demands
mammal	n: any animal of which the female gives birth to live young, not eggs, and feeds her young on milk from her own body
dynamics	n: the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces, including the particular case in which a body remains at rest; forces that produce or stimulate movement, growth, or change
organization	n: a group of people who work together for a shared purpose
resilient	adj: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
robust	adj: sturdy and healthy in form, constitution, or construction; strong enough to withstand or overcome intellectual challenges or adversity
discuss	v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic
prediction	n: the act of predicting the future by reasoning; a statement made about the future
paradigm	n: a standard or typical example of something; a pattern or model
thrust	v: to push or drive forcibly; to impose or insert; (noun) the force used in pushing
illustrate	v: to provide pictures, photographs, diagrams, etc. in a book or something for explanation
stick	v: to put something, usually a sharp object, into something; to restrict yourself to doing or using one certain thing and not change; (noun) a thin piece of wood or other material
bunch	n: a grouping of several similar things which are growing or fastened together
software	n: a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data for doing particular computational jobs
revenue	n: the income that a government receives from taxes or that a company earns from its business
zoom	v: to move along very quickly; (noun) the act of rising upward into the air
doll	n: a child’s toy that typically represents a human figure, especially a young girl; an attractive woman; a woman who is subservient or passive
explicit	adj: stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt
remarkable	adj: worthy of attention because unusual or special
graph	n: a picture consisting of a line, lines, points, etc., that shows how two or more sets of certain quantities are related to each other
plot	n: a secret plan or scheme to achieve a specific goal; the plan or main story of a literary work; (verb) to plan secretly, usually something illegal
mass	n: a large amount of a substance with no definite shape or form; a large number of people or things grouped or crowded together
organism	n: a tiny living thing
slightly	adv: in a small degree or extent; a little
complexity	n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand
diverse	adj: including numerous categories of individuals or entities; various
universe	n: everything that exists, especially all physical matter, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy
simplicity	n: the quality or condition of being natural and plain or easy to understand or do
astonishing	adj: surprising or shocking; difficult to believe
subsystem	n: a part or component of a larger system that performs a specific function or functions interdependent with other subsystems to accomplish the overall function of the larger system
gene	n: the fundamental unit of heredity and the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for the creation of RNA or protein.
evolve	v: to develop gradually, or to cause the development of something or someone gradually
unique	adj: being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else
niche	n: a specialized role or position that a species occupies within an ecosystem; a job or position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it
evolution	n: a gradual process of transformation of living things
constrain	v: to restrict or limit someone or something’s freedom or ability to do something
slope	n: a surface with one end or side that is higher than the other
curve	n: a bend or angle in a line or surface that deviates from a straight or flat path; a gradual or smooth change in direction or shape
straight	adj: extending or moving in one direction without bending or curving; having no deviations
quarter	n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion
roughly	adv: approximately but not precisely; with a violent manner
linear	adj: of, relating to, or consisting of lines or length; able to be expressed as a straight line, especially on a graph
steep	adj: having a sharp inclination or slope
translate	v: to convert or change words into another language
well-defined	adj: having clear and precise boundaries or characteristics; distinctly outlined or delimited; easily understood or recognizable
capita	n: a Latin word meaning “head,” used to express the amount for each person; any head or headlike expansion on a structure, as on a bone
physiological	adj: relating to the normal functioning of living organisms and their organs and systems; concerning the physical or biochemical processes and activities that occur within the body
variable	adj: likely to change or vary often; (noun) a symbol, like x or y, that is used in mathematical or logical expressions to represent a value that may be changed
regularity	n: the quality or state of being done often; conformity to a set of rules, standards, or expectations; the state of occurring with a consistent or predictable pattern or frequency
physiology	n: the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms
intracellular	adj: existing or occurring within the cells of an organism or structure; situated or taking place within the boundaries of a cell
multicellular	adj: characterized by the presence of multiple or many cells, as opposed to unicellular (having only one cell)
ecosystem	n: all the plants and living creatures in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment
summary	n: a brief statement that provides the critical aspects of something without going into depth
constraint	n: a limit or restriction on something, such as an action, behavior, or thought
circulatory	adj: relating to the system that moves blood through the body, which includes the heart, arteries, and veins
introduction	n: a preliminary explanation or remarks given before the start of a text, performance, or event; the act of bringing something new into existence or introducing something to a wider audience or new market
pace	n: the speed at which someone or something moves, or the rate at which something happens or changes
diffusion	n: a spreading motion in multiple directions
oxygen	n: the chemical element with the symbol O that is present in air and water and is necessary for people, animals, and plants to live
membrane	n: a soft, thin layer that forms animal or vegetable tissue
manifestation	n: a visible or tangible form of something, especially a particular sign of a disease or condition
interaction	n: the act of connecting with someone, mainly when working, playing, or spending time with them
cluster	n: a group of similar things or people close together, often forming a distinct mass or unit
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
symbol	n: something visible that is used to represent something else
mundane	adj: very ordinary and therefore lacking interest or excitement
petrol	n: a flammable liquid made from petroleum that is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines, commonly known as gasoline in North America
function	n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose
degree	n: a unit of measurement for angles, temperature, or level of proficiency or achievement; a rank or level of academic or professional attainment
infrastructure	n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies
electrical	adj: relating to electricity
integrate	v: to combine one thing with another so that they form a whole or work together; to accept equal participation for members of all races and ethnic groups
socioeconomic	adj: relating to the social and economic factors that shape an individual, group, or community, particularly in terms of income, occupation, education, and social class
quantity	n: the amount or number of something; magnitude
analog	adj: relating to or using signals or information represented by a continuous physical quantity such as spatial position, voltage, etc.
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
wage	n: a particular amount of money that somebody earns, usually every week or every month, for work or services
exponent	n: a person who supports and promotes a particular theory, idea, or scheme; a numerical expression usually written as a superscript that indicates the number of times a given number or expression is to be multiplied by itself
patent	n: a legal document that grants an inventor exclusive rights to their invention for a certain period of time; the invention or process for which a patent has been granted
influenza	n: (formal for flu) a highly contagious viral disease that causes fever, severe aching, and catarrh and often occurs in epidemics
doubt	n: a feeling of being uncertain about something, especially about how good or accurate it is
attract	v: to draw or entice someone or something towards them through the qualities they have, especially positive ones
ugly	adj: unattractive in appearance; unpleasant to look at
independence	n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence
structure	n: the way of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts, or a complex thing constructed of many parts
sigmoid	adj: relating to or shaped like the letter “S”
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
destine	v: to determine or set the course of something in advance, often in a way that seems predetermined or inevitable; to specify or choose someone or something for a particular fate or outcome
collapse	v: to fall down or give way suddenly, often after breaking apart
continuous	adj: occurring or existing without a pause or interruption
cycle	n: an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs; a bicycle or motorcycle
sustain	v: to supply enough of what somebody or something needs to survive or exist; to accept as valid
innovate	v: to introduce new methods, ideas, or products
treadmill	n: a piece of exercise equipment consisting of a moving belt on which the user walks, jogs, or runs in place; a monotonous, repetitive task or activity that feels like it is going nowhere, much like a person walking on a treadmill
accelerate	v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly
basis	n: the most important facts, ideas, or events from which something is developed; the way how things are organized or arranged
asset	n: something or someone that is useful or valuable quality, skill, etc.; valuable property
denote	v: to indicate or represent something; to serve as a symbol or sign of something; to express or designate a meaning or concept
employee	n: a person who is hired to work for a business or organization in exchange for wages or salary; a worker
fluctuation	n: a change, or the process of changing, that frequently happens, especially from one extreme to another; the quality of being unsteady and subject to changes
indicate	v: to show, point out, or make known something, often through a sign or a symbol; to suggest or imply something without stating it directly
interpretation	n: an explanation or opinion of something, especially that is not immediately obvious
bureaucracy	n: a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives
administer	v: to oversee and control the operation or arrangement of something
cheat	v: to act dishonestly or unfairly to gain an advantage or to deceive someone; to break the rules or laws
spectrum	n: an ordered array of colors into which a light beam can be split