Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (162 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (45 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
Alzheimer | n: a neurodegenerative disease that causes memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral issues; is the most common cause of dementia in older adults | |
disease | n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems | |
caregiving | n: the act of providing care and support for someone who is ill, disabled, or elderly | |
terrifying | adj: very frightening or intimidating | |
stem | n: the central part of something from which other parts can develop or grow; the part of a word common to all its inflected variants; (verb) to grow out of, have roots in, or originate in | |
brain | n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling | |
destiny | n: the events that will inevitably happen to a particular person or thing in the future | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
rely | v: to require a specific thing or the assistance and support of someone or something to continue, run properly, or succeed. | |
advancement | n: the development, improvement, or progress of something | |
medicinal | adj: of or relating to the treatment or cure of disease | |
neuroscience | n: the scientific study of the function, structure, and disorder of the brain and the nervous system | |
neuron | n: a cell that is specialized to carry information within the brain and between the brain and other parts of the body | |
synapse | n: the fact or state of failing to finish an activity and of stopping using, making, or doing it | |
neurotransmitter | n: a chemical that carries nerve impulses between neurons or between neurons and muscles | |
release | v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement | |
transmit | v: to send or forward an electronic signal; to pass something from one person or thing to another | |
communicate | v: to share or exchange information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals | |
desire | n: a strong feeling of wanting to have or do something | |
zoom | v: to move along very quickly; (noun) the act of rising upward into the air | |
cartoon | n: a simple drawing depicting a humorous or critical situation, often accompanied by a caption | |
representation | n: the act of speaking, acting, or being present on behalf of someone officially; a statement of facts and reasons made in appealing or protesting | |
addition | n: the act or process of adding something to something else; the process of adding numbers | |
glutamate | n: a salt or ester of glutamic acid, a natural amino acid found in proteins, that functions as a neurotransmitter and plays a key role in neural signaling and brain function | |
peptide | n: a molecule made up of two or more amino acids linked in a chain, found in the structure of proteins | |
amyloid | n: a type of protein that can accumulate abnormally in various tissues and organs in the body and is linked to various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease | |
bet | v: to risk money on the result of an event or a competition, such as a race or game, to get more money; to have faith or confidence in something | |
normally | adv: usually; under normal conditions | |
metabolism | n: the set of chemical reactions in cells or organisms that are necessary for life-sustaining | |
microglia | n: a type of cell in the central nervous system that acts as part of the immune system, defending against invading pathogens and supporting healthy brain function | |
janitor | n: a person whose job is to clean and maintain a large building, such as a school or a block of flats | |
molecular | adj: of or relating to molecules (= a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds) | |
debate | n: a formal discussion or argument of opposing viewpoints, often to persuade others to adopt a specific position; a public discussion, often on an issue of current interest, in which participants offer opinions and differing perspectives | |
accumulate | v: to collect or acquire a large number of things over a long period of time | |
pile | n: a collection of objects positioned one on top of another; a large sum of something, such as money | |
bind | v: to tie or fasten someone or something tightly with rope, string, etc. so that they cannot move or are held together strongly | |
sticky | adj: made of or covered with an adhesive substance; hot or warm and humid | |
aggregate | n: a collection or sum of different things often used to describe a total or combination of items | |
plaque | n: a flat, often rectangular, piece of metal, wood, or other material, inscribed or carved with commemorative text or designs and used as a decoration or award; a soft, sticky film of bacteria that coats teeth and can cause tooth decay | |
initial | adj: of or happening at the beginning; (noun) the first letter of a word, especially a person’s name | |
presence | n: the fact or state that someone or something exists, occurs, or is present | |
pet | n: an animal that you have at home as a companion and treated kindly | |
scan | v: to examine something hastily, with the eyes or with a machine, to get information | |
bliss | n: extreme happiness or joy | |
unaware | adj: not understanding something or having knowledge or idea of something | |
impair | v: to damage something or make it weaker or worse | |
cognition | n: the psychological process of perception and learning and reasoning; the mental action or process by which knowledge and understanding are developed in the mind | |
accumulation | n: an amount of something obtained via natural growth or addition | |
tip | n: the top or extreme point of something slender or tapering, usually a mountain or hill; a piece of advice about something practical; a small amount of money given for services | |
trigger | v: to make something happen suddenly; to cause something such as a device, machine, etc. to function | |
cascade | n: a small waterfall or series of small waterfalls; a succession of stages or operations or processes or units | |
clinical | adj: of or relating to the examination and treatment of patients rather than theoretical or laboratory studies | |
symptom | n: any sensation or change in body or mind that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease | |
lapse | n: a temporary or brief failure in judgment, action, or behavior; a gradual or slow decline, often referring to a loss of performance, quality, or attention; a period of time that has passed; (verb) to fall or slip into a particular state, often one that is undesirable or unintended | |
freak | n: an abnormality that is not typical or expected | |
norm | n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard | |
argue | v: to express differing opinions or points of view, often in a heated or contentious manner; to present a case or reasoning to persuade or convince others | |
involve | v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else | |
glitch | n: a minor problem or malfunction, especially in a computer program, system, or machine | |
eventually | adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on | |
refrigerator | n: an appliance or device used for preserving and cooling food and beverages by maintaining a low temperature within a closed compartment | |
activate | v: make something start working, more active or dynamic | |
chemical | adj: relating to or connected with chemistry; | |
inflammation | n: a physical condition in which a part of the body becomes red, painful, hot, and often swollen, especially as a reaction to infection or injury | |
cellular | adj: of or connected with the cells of animals or plants; of or connected with a mobile telephone system that uses several short-range radio stations instead of wires | |
damage | v: to harm or cause injury to something or someone, often resulting in decreased value or functionality; to impair or negatively affect something, such as a reputation or relationship; (noun) harm or injury that is caused to a person, thing, or entity | |
crucial | adj: extremely vital or necessary | |
neural | adj: of or relating to a nerve or the nervous system that includes the brain | |
transport | n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on | |
protein | n: a molecule made up of a long chain of amino acids, which is essential for the structure and function of the body’s tissues | |
tau | n: the 19th letter of the Greek alphabet, transliterated as “t”; (of physics, tau particle) a fundamental particle known as the tau lepton that is an elementary particle with a negative electric charge and a spin of 1/2 | |
phosphorus | n: a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15 that is a non-metallic, highly reactive, and luminescent element | |
twist | v: to bend or turn something into a certain shape | |
tangle | n: a confused mass of something twisted together | |
choke | v: to prevent or obstruct the normal breathing or swallowing of someone or something | |
massive | adj: enormous amount; very heavy and solid | |
all-out | adj: characterized by complete or maximum effort or intensity; lacking any restraint or reserve; done with great commitment or enthusiasm | |
intervene | v: to intentionally get involved in a situation to improve it or prevent it from getting worse | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
largely | adv: virtually entirely; to a large degree | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
compound | n: an item composed of two or more distinct elements combined; a chemical formed by the combination of two or more elements | |
eliminate | v: to remove or get rid of someone or something | |
ablaze | adj: on fire; burning brightly | |
influence | n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself | |
seesaw | n: a long, narrow board balanced on a fulcrum or pivot point, often used as a toy or play equipment in a children’s playground | |
diagnose | v: to determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a careful analysis | |
inherit | v: to receive money, property, or a title from someone after they have died | |
genetic | adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes | |
mutation | n: the way in which genes of a person, plant, animal, or other organism change and produce permanent differences | |
crank | n: a mechanical device that converts rotary motion into linear motion or vice versa; an eccentric or unpredictable person | |
variant | n: something that is slightly different from others of the same type | |
determinant | n: a factor, circumstance, or condition that contributes to the shaping, influencing, or determining of a particular outcome or result | |
slow-wave | n: a type of brain wave that occurs during deep sleep, characterized by low frequency and high amplitude | |
glia | n: a type of brain cell that supports and insulates neurons, provides nutrients to them, and helps to regulate their activity | |
rinse | v: to wash off soap or remaining dirt with clean water; to gargle your mouth and throat with mouthwash | |
cerebral | adj: relating to the brain or intellect; intellectual or studious rather than emotional or physical | |
spinal | adj: of or relating to the spine (= the long bone in the body’s back) | |
fluid | n: a substance that can flow and is not solid | |
cleanse | v: to purify or get rid of impurities or toxins; to wash or scrub thoroughly, often in a ritualistic or symbolic context; to purge or remove negative or harmful influences or substances from something; (noun) an act of cleaning or purifying something, typically the body | |
hygiene | n: the practice of maintaining cleanliness in the home and person to prevent illness | |
predict | v: to state beforehand that something will happen in the future, mainly based on knowledge or experience | |
deprivation | n: a state of not having something, such as food or money, that you need for a pleasant life | |
disrupt | v: to prevent or stop something, especially an event, activity, or process, from continuing in the usual way by causing a problem or disturbance | |
loop | n: a shape like a curve or a circle made by something long and thin, such as a piece of string, that bends round and crosses itself | |
accelerate | v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly | |
cardiovascular | adj: of or relating to the heart and blood vessels (= tubes that carry blood around the body) | |
diabetes | n: a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control the glucose levels in the blood | |
obesity | n: the condition of being significantly overweight, typically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater. | |
cholesterol | n: a type of fat that is found in the blood and cells of the body and that is important for many bodily functions but can also contribute to heart disease and stroke when levels are too high | |
autopsy | n: a medical examination performed on a dead body to determine the cause of death or identify any underlying medical conditions or injuries; a postmortem examination or necropsy (in animals) | |
aerobic | adj: relating to or requiring oxygen; (noun) an exercise or form of physical activity that enhances cardiovascular fitness and endurance, such as running or cycling | |
diet | n: the food and drink that a person, animal, or community eats and drinks regularly; a legislative assembly in certain countries, for example, Japan | |
delay | v: to cause something to happen at a later time than originally intended or expected | |
onset | n: the beginning or early stages of unpleasant something; a military attack | |
bacon | n: a type of salt-cured pork that is usually sliced and fried; a meat product that is derived from the back or sides of a pig | |
chase | v: to pursue something or someone to catch or capture them; to go after something vigorously or with determination; (noun) a pursuit or a hunt; a narrow groove or channel cut into a surface, often used for decorative purposes | |
full-blown | adj: fully developed or manifesting in its complete form, often used to describe a difficult situation or condition | |
pathology | n: the study of the nature and cause of diseases and disorders; the medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders | |
cognitive | adj: of or relating to mental processes of understanding | |
reserve | v: to keep something for future use or contingency; to obtain or arrange something, such as a meeting, seat, etc., in advance | |
ultimate | adj: furthest or highest in degree or order | |
trillion | n: the number 1,000,000,000,000; a million million | |
fantastic | adj: extremely good; excellent | |
static | adj: not moving or not capable of moving, not changing or not capable of changing | |
process | n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products | |
strengthen | v: to become stronger or more effective; to make someone or something stronger or more effective | |
nun | n: a woman who has taken religious vows and is a member of a monastic community | |
regularly | adv: at regular intervals or times | |
checkup | n: an examination of a person’s health by a medical professional, typically including a physical examination, laboratory tests, and diagnostic imaging | |
Don | n: a Spanish gentleman; a university lecturer, especially a senior member of a college at Oxford or Cambridge | |
shrinkage | n: the process of becoming smaller or less in size or quantity; the amount by which something has shrunk, contracted, or diminished | |
questionable | adj: doubtful or uncertain and may be open to question or criticism | |
belong | v: to be the property of someone or something; to be a member or part of a group; to be in the proper or appropriate place | |
functional | adj: designed for or capable of a particular activity, purpose, or task; practical or ready for use or service | |
degree | n: a unit of measurement for angles, temperature, or level of proficiency or achievement; a rank or level of academic or professional attainment | |
engage | v: to attract and keep someone’s attention and interest; to participate in or obtain services of something | |
stimming | n: a behavior often exhibited by individuals on the autism spectrum characterized by repetitive bodily movements or sounds, such as hand flapping or rocking, often used as a form of self-regulation or sensory stimulation | |
abundance | n: a significant amount of something; the situation in which there is too much of something | |
redundancy | n: the state of being unnecessary, especially through being able to be replaced by something else | |
compromise | v: to settle a problem or disagreement by mutual concession | |
buffer | n: a device, material, or person that reduces the impact or effect of an external force or provides protection against harm or damage | |
amiss | adj: not quite right, not suitable, or not as expected | |
simplify | v: to make something more straightforward, more understandable, or easier to do | |
devour | v: to eat or consume something eagerly or ravenously; or to destroy something rapidly | |
dam | n: a wall constructed over a river to block the flow of water, mainly used to generate energy | |
destroy | v: to ruin or damage severely or completely; to eradicate or eliminate completely | |
detour | n: a route that deviates from the main or direct one, usually taken to avoid something such as traffic or construction; a diversion from the usual or expected course of action | |
wreckage | n: the remains of something that has been destroyed, ruined, severely damaged, or crashed, usually referring to vehicles, buildings, or machinery | |
resilient | adj: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions | |
recruit | v: to persuade someone to work for a company; to find new members for an organization, the armed forces, etc. | |
pathway | n: a track that constitutes or serves as a path; an approach or a way of doing something | |
id | n: a part of the psyche that represents the unconscious desires and instincts of an individual; in psychoanalytic theory, it is believed to be the most basic and primal part of the human psyche; (also ID, short for identification) a document or card that proves a person’s identity, such as a driver’s license, passport, or national ID card | |
sight | n: the ability to see; anything that is seen | |
association | n: a people or groups of people who have joined in a single organization together for a particular purpose; a social or business connection or relationship | |
emotion | n: a strong feeling such as love, anger, etc. deriving from one’s situation, mood, or relationships with others | |
crossword | n: a word puzzle consisting of a grid of black and white squares and blanks into which words crossing vertically and horizontally are written according to clues | |
puzzle | n: a situation that is difficult to follow or solve; a game, problem, or toy that tests a person’s ingenuity or knowledge; (verb) to cause someone to feel confused because of something difficult to understand | |
retrieve | v: to find or get something back | |
cruise | n: a voyage on a large ship for pleasure; driving or traveling at a leisurely pace | |
pave | v: to cover something with a hard, flat material such as stones, bricks, or concrete, to make it suitable for travel or use | |
emotional | adj: relating to people’s feelings |