Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (159 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (32 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
evolution | n: a gradual process of transformation of living things | |
democracy | n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so | |
ideology | n: a set of beliefs or philosophies that an economic or political system is based on | |
policy | n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective | |
depression | n: a mental condition in which a person feels very unhappy and without hope for the future; a severe recession in an economy or market | |
security | n: the state of being free from danger, risk, or harm; measures taken to protect against threats or attacks; a financial asset, such as a stock or bond that derives value exclusively from the ownership interest or claim to a particular underlying asset or obligation | |
revolution | n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war; | |
deregulation | n: the process of reducing or removing government regulations and restrictions in a particular industry or sector, often to promote competition and reduce costs | |
economy | n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel | |
crisis | n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken | |
intervene | v: to intentionally get involved in a situation to improve it or prevent it from getting worse | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
progression | n: the act or process of changing to the next stage or phase or moving forward | |
implement | v: to put a decision, plan, or system into effect | |
argue | v: to express differing opinions or points of view, often in a heated or contentious manner; to present a case or reasoning to persuade or convince others | |
ideological | adj: relating to or concerned with ideas and theories rather than practical matters | |
anticipate | v: to expect or predict that something will happen; to tell in advance | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
responsible | adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management | |
notion | n: a general idea or understanding of something, particularly an abstract or complex concept; a belief or opinion, often one that is not based on solid evidence or facts | |
burden | n: a duty, responsibility, etc. that is oppressive or worrisome; a load, typically a heavy one that is difficult to carry | |
liability | n: a legal or financial responsibility or obligation | |
asset | n: something or someone that is useful or valuable quality, skill, etc.; valuable property | |
mindset | n: the established set of attitudes or fixed ideas held by someone | |
fundamental | adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected | |
demographic | n: a statistic characterizing that describes people or groups of people based on their age, sex, income, etc. | |
dividend | n: a sum of money paid regularly, typically quarterly, by a company to its shareholders out of its profits or reserves | |
healthcare | n: the organized activity or business of preserving mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health profession | |
improvisation | n: the act of making something up on the spot or creating or performing something without preparation | |
infant | n: a baby or very young child | |
mortality | n: the quality or state of being subject to death | |
fertility | n: the state or quality of being able to produce babies, young animals, fruit, or new plants | |
unique | adj: being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else | |
peel | v: to remove the skin of fruit and vegetables | |
curve | n: a bend or angle in a line or surface that deviates from a straight or flat path; a gradual or smooth change in direction or shape | |
expense | n: the money, time, or effort incurred or required for something | |
bulk | n: the quantity or size of something that is very large; the main part of something | |
invest | v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result | |
infrastructure | n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies | |
disaster | n: an unexpected event or series of events that cause widespread damage, destruction, or loss of life | |
critic | n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc. | |
lever | n: a handle used to operate a vehicle or a machine; a rigid bar resting on a pivot so that one end of it can be pushed or pulled easily | |
entrepreneur | n: an individual who creates or invests in one or more businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks | |
independence | n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence | |
exploit | v: to make full use of and gain an advantage from resources, opportunities, etc. | |
entrepreneurship | n: the process or skill of starting and running a business, particularly a new and innovative one | |
contribute | v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people | |
vitality | n: the state of being strong and active; energy | |
attitude | n: the way you think and feel about someone or something | |
imp | n: a mischievous or misbehaving child; a small and mischievous demon or sprite in folklore | |
globalization | n: the process by which economies, societies, and cultures around the world become increasingly integrated and interconnected through the rapid exchange of goods, services, ideas, and people across international borders | |
outsource | v: to contract out or transfer a job, task, or service to an external organization or party, often as a cost-saving measure | |
aspiration | n: a strong desire to achieve something; the action or process of drawing breath | |
strategy | n: a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall goal. | |
forbidding | adj: giving the impression that something is difficult or unpleasant; intimidating or uninviting | |
intimidate | v: to make someone fearful or uneasy so that they will do something that you want them to do | |
prepaid | adj: referring to something that has already been paid for in advance; paid for before it is used or received | |
creditor | n: a person, company, etc. to whom a debtor owes money | |
recharge | v: to restore the energy or power of something by supplying it with more energy or power; to refresh or renew oneself by rest or sleep | |
liberate | v: to set free; to release or rescue from captivity or oppression | |
accessible | adj: capable of being reached, easily got, or seen | |
empower | v: to give someone the power or authority to do something | |
ledger | n: a book or computer program used to keep track of financial transactions; a collection of records or accounts kept in such a book or program | |
union | n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together | |
advance | v: to go or move forward; to develop in a positive way | |
instrument | n: an object used to make musical sounds, such as a piano, guitar, or drum; a tool or device used for a specific activity, particularly in specialist or scientific work | |
imperial | adj: relating to or associated with an empire or the person or country that rules it | |
reaction | n: a response that reveals a person’s feelings or attitude; (in chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others | |
confidence | n: the feeling or attitude that one can trust or rely on the abilities or good qualities of someone or something | |
participate | v: to take part in something | |
attractive | adj: immensely appealing in look or sound; having characteristics or qualities that make something appealing and valuable | |
elite | adj: belonging to the wealthiest, most potent, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society | |
concept | n: an idea or principle associated with something abstract | |
bunch | n: a grouping of several similar things which are growing or fastened together | |
universal | adj: existing or affecting everywhere or everyone | |
parliament | n: a legislative body, especially the one that represents the people of a country or state | |
constitution | n: the set of fundamental principles or established precedents that a state, a country, or an organization is governed by; the act of forming or establishing something | |
forth | adv: forward, outward, or onward in location, direction, or progress; into view or consideration; with confidence, boldness, or in the open | |
process | n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products | |
embedded | adj: fixed firmly into the surface of something | |
population | n: the total number of people in a country, region, or location | |
argument | n: a set of statements or reasons used to support or refute a proposition or theory; a verbal or physical fight or dispute | |
priority | n: something that is more important than other things and should be dealt with first | |
religion | n: a deep conviction in a supernatural power that controls human destiny | |
primary | adj: first or highest in rank, order, or importance; most fundamental or essential; pertaining to the initial or introductory stage of something, such as a school year or election cycle | |
unfortunately | adv: by bad luck; unluckily | |
government | n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state | |
function | n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose | |
slum | n: a heavily populated urban area characterized by poor, run-down housing and infrastructure, often associated with poverty and social neglect | |
urban | adj: relating to or located in a town or city | |
enormous | adj: extremely large or great | |
desire | n: a strong feeling of wanting to have or do something | |
educate | v: to provide or receive instruction or training over a period of time at a school, university, etc. | |
similarly | adv: in almost the same way | |
slogan | n: a short, catchy phrase or motto that is used by a person, organization, or company to promote a particular product, cause, or idea | |
shelter | n: a structure built to protect from poor weather, danger, or attack; (verb) to protect or shield from harm or adversity, particularly relating to environmental conditions or danger | |
electrify | v: to make a machine or system work by using electricity; to make someone extremely enthusiastic about or interested in something | |
neglect | v: to not give enough care or attention to something; to leave something undone | |
situ | adj: short for “situated,” meaning located or placed in a particular position or circumstance | |
reform | n: the act of improving or correcting something that is wrong or bad; a change made to correct a flaw or problem | |
engine | n: a machine that converts thermal energy to mechanical work; something that has an important role used to achieve a purpose | |
creative | adj: relating to or involving the use of skill and original and unusual ideas to create something | |
innovation | n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation | |
bother | v: to disturb, annoy, or cause inconvenience or worry to someone; to take the trouble or effort to do something | |
province | n: the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | |
agriculture | n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock | |
increasingly | adv: more and more | |
taxation | n: the system or process of imposing a charge or levy by a government or other authority on individuals or organizations, usually based on their income or property, to fund public expenses and services | |
moving | adj: causing strong emotions or feelings, especially sadness or sympathy | |
internal | adj: of or relating to the inside of something | |
external | adj: belonging to or situated outside of someone or something | |
urbanization | n: the process of population growth and physical expansion of cities, often involving increased migration from rural areas and the development of urban infrastructure and culture | |
conflict | n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals | |
gridlock | n: a situation in which traffic or progress is obstructed due to congestion, blockage, or a lack of movement; a deadlock or impasse in negotiations or decision-making | |
historic | adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so | |
background | n: the details of a person’s social heritage, such as family, vocational or educational experience; past information that is essential to understanding a situation or problem | |
caste | n: a social class or group, typically determined by birth or occupation, that has a particular status in a society | |
reserve | v: to keep something for future use or contingency; to obtain or arrange something, such as a meeting, seat, etc., in advance | |
technique | n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill | |
relate | v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something | |
subsidize | v: to pay part of the cost of something to support an organization, activity, etc. financially | |
resolve | v: to find a suitable answer to the problems or difficulty | |
labor | n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal | |
standardize | v: to make uniform or consistent in form, quality, or performance; to establish or implement a standard or standardization process | |
sector | n: a distinct part or division of something often used to refer to a segment of an economy or industry; an area or field of work or activity | |
pension | n: a regular payment to a person made by the government or a private company that is intended to allow them to subsist without working | |
formal | adj: following established, public, or official forms and conventions, often in a serious or somber manner | |
workforce | n: all the people who work in a company, industry, country, etc. | |
disenfranchise | v: to prevent someone from having the right to vote or from having an equal opportunity to vote | |
onerous | adj: involving a great amount of effort, difficulty, or responsibility; burdensome or oppressive | |
regulate | v: to control something, especially by means of rules or laws | |
pace | n: the speed at which someone or something moves, or the rate at which something happens or changes | |
fortunate | adj: having good luck or lucky | |
governance | n: the act or process of governing or managing a political, social, or economic entity; the systems or principles that guide such processes | |
transparency | n: the condition or quality of being easy to see through | |
horrible | adj: extremely unpleasant or bad; causing fear or disgust | |
cardiac | adj: of or relating to the heart or heart disease | |
diabetes | n: a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control the glucose levels in the blood | |
obesity | n: the condition of being significantly overweight, typically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater. | |
replace | v: to take the place of something | |
disease | n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems | |
rethink | v: to consider again a plan, idea, etc., especially to change it | |
extreme | adj: very great in amount or degree | |
entitle | v: to give someone the right to have or do something; to give a title to someone or something | |
modern | adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times | |
luxury | n: a state of great comfort or sophistication, mainly provided by expensive and beautiful things | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
stabilize | v: to become or cause to become steady or unlikely to give way | |
gigaton | n: a unit of explosive energy equal to one billion tons of TNT (= a powerful, yellow explosive substance); one billion tons | |
carbon | n: a chemical element that can be found in pure form as diamond or graphite, and it is also an essential part of coal and oil and is found in all plants and animals | |
emission | n: the act of production or sending out gas, heat, light, etc. | |
paradigm | n: a standard or typical example of something; a pattern or model | |
represent | v: to speak, act, or be present on behalf of another person or group; to form or constitute | |
incompatible | adj: so different as to not be able to exist or work with another thing or person | |
poverty | n: the condition of being extremely poor | |
capita | n: a Latin word meaning “head,” used to express the amount for each person; any head or headlike expansion on a structure, as on a bone | |
fast-forward | v: to advance or move forward in time or progress, particularly in a rapid or accelerated manner; to increase the playback speed of a recording | |
prosperity | n: the state of being successful and having the good fortune | |
concerned | adj: feeling worry or interest about something; showing interest or attention |