Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (146 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (30 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
warn	v: to make someone aware of potential danger or difficulty, particularly one that may occur in the future
precise	adj: sharply exact or accurate or delimited
mystery	n: something difficult to understand or explain; a secret or enigmatic quality that adds to the fascination or interest of something; a genre of fiction that involves the solution of a crime or a puzzle
refer	v: to direct someone’s attention, thoughts, or questions to another source or person; to mention, cite, or allude to something as evidence or support
react	v: to take action in response to something
intelligent	adj: having the capacity for thought and reason, especially to a high degree
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
anguished	adj: characterized by severe mental or physical pain or suffering; expressing agony or distress
chart	n: a visual display of information such as a diagram, lists of figures, etc.; a map designed to assist navigation by air or sea
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
aberration	n: a deviation from the norm or expected pattern; a departure from what is considered normal or typical
forceful	adj: having or showing great strength or energy
modernize	v: to bring up to date or make contemporary in style or function; to bring modern methods or resources into an existing organization or system
transform	v: to change in outward structure or looks;
initially	adv: at the beginning; at first
colonize	v: to establish a colony in or on a specific place; to settle or occupy in large numbers
dominate	v: to have or control a lot of power and influence over somebody or something
wisdom	n: the quality of being wise, or the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make sensible decisions
colony	n: a country or an area that is governed by a more powerful country that is often far away
quarter	n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion
extreme	adj: very great in amount or degree
poverty	n: the condition of being extremely poor
technique	n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill
malnourished	adj: not getting enough of the right type of food to stay healthy and strong
nourish	v: to provide a person, an animal, or plant with food to make them grow and stay healthy
conviction	n: a strong belief or opinion, especially one that is based on principles or evidence; (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed
invention	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation; the act of inventing
inherent	adj: existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute
embedded	adj: fixed firmly into the surface of something
doubt	n: a feeling of being uncertain about something, especially about how good or accurate it is
revolution	n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war;
enlightenment	n: education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge
industrial	adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry
practical	adj: of or connected with actual use or real situation rather than with theory and ideas
silent	adj: without any or little sound
economics	n: the branch of social science that deals with the production, consumption, and transfer of goods and services
communist	adj: relating to or supporting the political ideology of communism (= a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership)
spectacular	adj: striking or impressive to look at or in performance or achievement
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
absorb	v: to take in a fluid or other substance gradually
implement	v: to put a decision, plan, or system into effect
decide	v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options
psychology	n: the scientific study of mind and behavior
determinant	n: a factor, circumstance, or condition that contributes to the shaping, influencing, or determining of a particular outcome or result
improve	v: to make or become better
spike	n: a narrow, thin, pointed piece of metal, wood, etc.; a sudden large increase in the magnitude or concentration of something
entrepreneurship	n: the process or skill of starting and running a business, particularly a new and innovative one
governance	n: the act or process of governing or managing a political, social, or economic entity; the systems or principles that guide such processes
infrastructure	n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
adjust	v: to make a minor modification to something to make it more suited for a new set of conditions or to make it function better.
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
distracted	adj: having one’s attention diverted or divided; being unable to concentrate because of being preoccupied or worried
victory	n: success in a game, competition, election, or battle, or the knowledge that you have won
defeat	v: to win against somebody in a fight, war, or attempt
mighty	adj: very large, powerful, or strong
union	n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together
amazing	adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire
arrogance	n: excessive self-confidence or self-importance
hubris	n: excessive pride, arrogance, or overconfidence, often leading to someone’s downfall or ruin
capture	v: to catch a person or an animal and confine them in an area which they cannot escape
essay	n: a short piece of writing on a particular topic, usually written by a student as a port of a course of study
sophisticated	adj: having a great deal of worldly experience and knowledge of people’s behavior, culture, and fashion
liberal	adj: willing to respect or allow many different types of beliefs or behavior; open-minded
democracy	n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so
unfortunately	adv: by bad luck; unluckily
brain	n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling
damage	v: to harm or cause injury to something or someone, often resulting in decreased value or functionality; to impair or negatively affect something, such as a reputation or relationship; (noun) harm or injury that is caused to a person, thing, or entity
shock	n: a strong feeling or physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected event or experience, especially something unpleasant
grief	n: a very great sadness, especially when somebody dies
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
invade	v: to enter aggressively into another’s territory by military force for conquest and occupation
organization	n: a group of people who work together for a shared purpose
suddenly	adv: quickly and unexpectedly
inject	v: to put a liquid such as a drug or other substance into a person’s or an animal’s body using a needle and syringe (= small tube)
capitalism	n: an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit
naturally	adv: as might be expected; by natural manners
economical	adj: providing a satisfactory return on the money, time, or effort; not using more money, fuel, etc. than necessary
creative	adj: relating to or involving the use of skill and original and unusual ideas to create something
destruction	n: the act of causing so much damage to something
stagnate	v: to remain still, inactive, or without growth or development; to become stale or foul-smelling due to a lack of circulation or movement
competitive	adj: involving competition or competitiveness
retrain	v: to teach or learn a new or different set of skills or knowledge, usually to adapt to a new job, situation, or technology
eventually	adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on
elect	v: to choose someone for a specific position by voting for them; to decide or choose to do something
trump	n: a playing card with a picture of a trumpeter on it, used in certain card games
exploit	v: to make full use of and gain an advantage from resources, opportunities, etc.
predominantly	adv: mainly, mostly, or primarily; having the greatest influence or power in a particular situation or group
contribute	v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people
recover	v: to return to a former condition, health, mind, or strength
strength	n: the quality or state of being physically, or sometimes mentally, strong
recommend	v: to suggest that someone or something would be a suitable fit for a particular purpose or role
adopt	v: to choose to follow something; to legally take a child from another family and care for them as if they were one’s own
strategy	n: a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall goal.
minimalist	adj: characterized by a design or style which uses only a few simple elements or features; using the smallest amount possible to achieve a desired effect
multilateral	adj: involving or occurring among three or more parties or nations; having multiple sides or aspects; characterized by a cooperative or consensus-building approach to problem-solving or decision-making
domination	n: the act of having control or power over someone or something
intervene	v: to intentionally get involved in a situation to improve it or prevent it from getting worse
interfere	v: to get involved in and prevent a process or activity from continuing
affair	n: event, situation, or subject that is significant from a political or public perspective; a secretive or illicit sexual relationship
unwise	adj: not sensible or prudent; likely to cause harm or negative consequences; lacking in good judgment or common sense
resentment	n: bitterness or indignation at being treated unfairly
drain	v: to empty or dry something by removing the liquid from it
spirit	n: the part of a person which is the seat of their mind, feelings, and character rather than their physical body; the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people
difficulty	n: a condition or state that causes problems
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
diverse	adj: including numerous categories of individuals or entities; various
continent	n: one of the earth’s large landmasses; (adjective) abstaining from your feelings, especially your desire to have sex
planet	n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star
Christ	n: the man that Christians believe is the prophet and the son of God, and whose life and sermons form the basis for Christianity
balk	v: to hesitate or stop abruptly before completing an action, often due to fear, uncertainty, or opposition; to refuse to comply with or agree to something
clash	n: a fight or argument between two groups of people; a loud noise caused by striking against something
peaceful	adj: not involving violence, conflict, or war
prosperous	adj: successful financially or materially; bringing success or good fortune
threat	n: a strong indication or likelihood of harm, danger, or adverse consequences; an expression of intent to inflict harm or injury on someone or something, often made as a means of coercion or intimidation
destroy	v: to ruin or damage severely or completely; to eradicate or eliminate completely
represent	v: to speak, act, or be present on behalf of another person or group; to form or constitute
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
ambassador	n: a diplomatic representative of a country who is sent to another country or international organization
bias	n: a strong feeling in favor of or against one group of people, an idea, or thing, often not based on fair judgment
president	n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc.
bush	n: a plant growing thickly with many small branches and several stiff stems coming up from the root
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
shrink	v: to become smaller, or to make something smaller in size or amount
interdependent	adj: depending on each other; mutually reliant or interconnected
council	n: a group of people who have been elected or appointed to make decisions or give advice on a particular subject or in a particular place
counsel	n: advice or guidance given by a person with specialized knowledge or experience, particularly in a professional or legal context; the act of providing advice or guidance
geopolitical	adj: of or relating to political activity or relations between countries and groups of countries, as influenced by the physical features of a country or area
analyst	n: someone whose job is to examine something to learn or understand more about it
naive	adj: showing unaffected simplicity and lack of experience, wisdom, or judgment
deride	v: to ridicule or mock someone or something, often contemptuously or scornfully; to criticize or attack severely
philosophy	n: the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind
promote	v: to encourage or persuade people to like, buy, use, do, or support something; to raise someone to a higher position or rank
virtue	n: high moral standards in behavior or attitudes
evil	adj: profoundly immoral, cruel, and wicked; having or exerting a harmful effect on people
constrain	v: to restrict or limit someone or something’s freedom or ability to do something
emerging	adj: starting to exist, mature, or become well-known
norm	n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard
institutionalize	v: to establish or make something a part of an institution (= a place such as a university, hospital, etc.)
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
conclude	v: to come to an end or close; to reach a judgment or opinion by reasoning
acute	adj: extremely sharp or severe
pessimistic	adj: tending to see the worst aspect of things or expecting the worst possible outcome
embrace	v: to accept something willingly and enthusiastically; (noun) the act of clasping another person in the arms as in greeting or affection