Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (143 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (35 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
religion	n: a deep conviction in a supernatural power that controls human destiny
influence	n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself
regardless	adv: not paying attention or considering something or someone even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties
enormous	adj: extremely large or great
scrutiny	n: careful and detailed examination
sector	n: a distinct part or division of something often used to refer to a segment of an economy or industry; an area or field of work or activity
multinational	adj: relating to or involving multiple countries or nationalities; having operations or business interests in multiple countries
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
corporation	n: a large company or group of companies that are controlled together by law as a single unit
decision-maker	n: a person who makes important decisions, especially at a high level in an organization
handle	v: to deal with a situation, problem, or strong emotion
sanction	n: official permission or approval for an action, especially an economic or political action by a government or international organization; a penalty or punishment imposed for breaking the law, rule, or agreement; (verb) to impose a penalty or punishment for breaking the law, rule, or agreement
secular	adj: not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly
gender	n: the range of characteristics of femininity and masculinity and differentiating between them, especially when considering social and cultural differences rather than differences in biology
discriminate	v: to treat a person or particular group of people worse or better than another, especially in an unfair way; to recognize or perceive the difference between people or things
pickup	n: a type of vehicle with an open-air cargo bed at the back used for transporting goods or equipment; the act of collecting or gathering someone or something from a particular location; a warrant to take someone into custody
insert	v: to put something inside something else
president	n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc.
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
amendment	n: the act or the process of changing something, especially a document or proposed new law
exclude	v: to deny someone or something enter to a place or taking part in an activity
patriarchal	adj: relating to or characteristic of a society or system in which men hold the dominant roles and positions of power; male-dominated
orthodox	adj: following or conforming to the traditional, normal, or commonly accepted beliefs, ideas, or activities; of or relating to Judaism; of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church
tradition	n: a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has been passed down from generation to generation within a group or society
sibling	n: a brother or sister; member of a family born to the same parents
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
virgin	n: a person who has never had sex; (adjective) being used or worked for the first time
alcohol	n: a clear liquid that can make people drunk and is used in medicines, cleaning products, etc.
strict	adj: strongly limiting someone’s freedom; allowing no deviation from a standard, rule, belief, etc.
determinant	n: a factor, circumstance, or condition that contributes to the shaping, influencing, or determining of a particular outcome or result
underwear	n: clothes worn next to the skin under outer clothes
Don	n: a Spanish gentleman; a university lecturer, especially a senior member of a college at Oxford or Cambridge
church	n: a building or institution dedicated to religious worship or activities; a Christian religious organization or denomination
babysitter	n: a person hired to look after a child or children while the parents are away or occupied; someone who provides temporary care and supervision for children in the absence of their parents or guardians
proselytize	v: to try to convert someone to a new belief or opinion, typically a religious or political one; to advocate or spread a particular doctrine or ideology
sin	n: the offense against a religious or moral law or against God
terrify	v: to frighten someone very much
gay	adj: homosexual; happy, carefree
instantaneous	adj: occurring or happening immediately or without delay; taking place in an instant or moment
mutual	adj: common to or shared by two or more parties
aid	n: things sent to help countries in need, notably food or money; support
certainty	n: the state of being certain
clarity	n: the quality of being coherent and understandable; the quality of transparency or purity
spiritual	adj: relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things
priest	n: a person who performs religious duties and ceremonies, especially in the Christian faith
discrepancy	n: a lack of consistency or agreement between two or more facts, figures, or sets of information; a disagreement, inconsistency, or divergence
disciplinary	adj: of or relating to the punishment of people who break the rules; of or relating to a specific field of academic study
council	n: a group of people who have been elected or appointed to make decisions or give advice on a particular subject or in a particular place
contradiction	n: the assertion of the opposite of what has been said; opposition; denial
conscious	adj: being aware of and able to respond to what is happening around you
podcast	n: a radio program made available in digital format that you can download from the Internet and play on a computer or music player
unequal	adj: different in amount, size, degree, or value; not fair
advocacy	n: the act of supporting or promoting a particular cause or point of view, often through public campaigning or lobbying
ignore	v: to intentionally not listen or pay attention to
pants	n: an item of clothing that covers the lower part of the body and each leg separately, typically with a waistband and two legs
attend	v: to be present at an event, to go to a place
relation	n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another
basis	n: the most important facts, ideas, or events from which something is developed; the way how things are organized or arranged
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
threat	n: a strong indication or likelihood of harm, danger, or adverse consequences; an expression of intent to inflict harm or injury on someone or something, often made as a means of coercion or intimidation
excommunicate	v: to officially exclude someone from membership in a church or religious community; to expel or banish someone from a group or society
reject	v: to refuse to accept, consider, or use something or someone
reaction	n: a response that reveals a person’s feelings or attitude; (in chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
utterly	adv: completely or absolutely
shock	n: a strong feeling or physical reaction to a sudden and unexpected event or experience, especially something unpleasant
vitriolic	adj: bitter, acidic, or harsh in tone or language; expressing intense and vehement hatred or criticism; pertains to or derived from vitriol (= an archaic name for certain sulfates, initially used to describe sulfuric acid)
vehement	adj: showing strong, intense, or passionate feelings or conviction; marked by forceful energy or enthusiasm
hostility	n: aggressive or unfriendly feelings or behavior
phrase	n: a group of words that mean something specific when used together
crazy	adj: stupid or not sensible; very angry
homophobia	n: a strong fear, aversion, or hostility towards people who are homosexual or towards homosexuality itself; discrimination or prejudice against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) individuals based on their sexual orientation or gender identity
extremist	n: a person who holds extreme political or religious views and who is willing to use violent or illegal methods to promote those views
breed	v: to keep animals for producing offspring in a regulated manner
argument	n: a set of statements or reasons used to support or refute a proposition or theory; a verbal or physical fight or dispute
defend	v: to protect someone or something from attack, criticism, danger, etc.
criticism	n: the act of analyzing, evaluating, or judging something, especially literary or artistic work, to find fault with it or to offer suggestions for improvement; the expression of disapproval or censure
bristle	n: a stiff, short hair on a mammal’s skin or a natural or artificial brush; a stiff, sharp point on a plant such as a thorn or a prickle; (verb) to react defensively to something; to stand up stiffly and be rigid
struggle	v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction
damage	v: to harm or cause injury to something or someone, often resulting in decreased value or functionality; to impair or negatively affect something, such as a reputation or relationship; (noun) harm or injury that is caused to a person, thing, or entity
tightrope	n: a rope or wire stretched tightly between two points, on which acrobats, tightrope walkers, etc., perform; a risky or precarious situation that requires one to balance carefully to avoid falling or failure
intelligent	adj: having the capacity for thought and reason, especially to a high degree
perspective	n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something
ritual	n: any customary observance or practice; any prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
sleeve	n: a part of a garment that covers all or part of an arm
eternal	adj: being without beginning or end; lasting forever
tragic	adj: causing great sadness or suffering; very unfortunate
accident	n: an unfortunate event, especially one causing damage or injury
fashion	n: a style that is popular at a particular time or place; the state of being popular
mindset	n: the established set of attitudes or fixed ideas held by someone
invalid	adj: not legally or officially recognized or acceptable; (verb) to remove someone from active duty; (noun) a person who is weakened or disabled by illness or injury
defensive	adj: used or intended to protect someone or something against attack or aggression
shell	n: hard outer covering or case of eggs, nuts, some seeds, and some animals
unbelief	n: a lack or absence of belief, typically in regard to religion or certain doctrines or ideas; skepticism or doubt
boundary	n: a real or imaginary line that marks the limit or extent of something and separates it from other things or places
atheist	n: a person who denies or disbelieves the existence of a deity or deities
sabbatical	n: a period of leave granted to a person for rest, travel, or other pursuits, often in academia or other professions
leak	v: to allow liquid or gas to get in or out from a hole or crack in a pipe or container
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
violent	adj: involving or caused by physical force or aggression against someone or something
military	adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare
fiscal	adj: relating to government revenue and expenditures; relating to financial matters
cult	n: a small religious group, especially one that is not part of a larger religion and that is regarded as outside the norm; followers of an exclusive system of beliefs and practices
prop	n: a piece of wood, metal, etc., placed beneath or against something to support it or keep it in position; a system, institution, or person that gives help or support to someone or something
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
opposition	n: the act of disagreeing or resisting; the state of strong disagreement
constitution	n: the set of fundamental principles or established precedents that a state, a country, or an organization is governed by; the act of forming or establishing something
inequality	n: the unfairness of a society in which some people have more opportunity, money, etc. than others; (mathematics) relation between two values when they are different
default	v: to fail to fulfill an obligation or pay a debt when it is due; to fail to meet expectations or perform as required; to choose or accept a predetermined option or condition without making a deliberate selection or choice; (noun) the pre-set or automatic settings that a system or program uses when the user has selected no other options
assume	v: to think or accept something to be true without having proof of it; to take or begin to have power; to begin to exhibit a specific quality or appearance
morality	n: principles of right and evil or good and bad behavior
norm	n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard
subjugate	v: to bring under control; to conquer; to make subservient to one’s authority
empower	v: to give someone the power or authority to do something
exploit	v: to make full use of and gain an advantage from resources, opportunities, etc.
comfort	n: a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint
destroy	v: to ruin or damage severely or completely; to eradicate or eliminate completely
tip	n: the top or extreme point of something slender or tapering, usually a mountain or hill; a piece of advice about something practical; a small amount of money given for services
ethical	adj: of or relating to principles about what is right and wrong, or the branch of knowledge dealing with these
moral	adj: concerned with the principles of what is right and wrong, fairness, honesty, etc.
dismiss	v: to regard something or someone as not important and not worth considering; to terminate someone’s employment
pray	v: to make a request or petition to a higher power, especially in the form of a respectful or humble request
confer	v: to have a meeting or discussion to come to a decision or agreement or exchange ideas; to bestow something
invite	v: to ask someone to come or join; to offer an opportunity or possibility for something to happen or take place
oversee	v: to watch and direct someone or something to make sure that it is being done correctly
perception	n: a belief, opinion, or image you have based on how you regard, understand, or interpret something; the ability to see, hear, or notice something through the senses
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
despise	v: to feel strong dislike or contempt for someone or something, often because of a perceived fault or failing; to have a low or unfavorable opinion of something
conservative	adj: holding traditional views and values and opposed to change or innovation
utter	adj: complete, total, or absolute; said, done, or experienced without any exceptions or qualifications; spoken aloud or enunciated very clearly and distinctly; (verb) to speak or articulate words, sounds, or a voice
niece	n: a daughter of one’s sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law
inherit	v: to receive money, property, or a title from someone after they have died
escort	n: a person or group of people accompanying someone for protection, guidance, or courtesy; a companion or attendant; a service or a person providing a service for accompanying someone or something to or from a destination
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
reproductive	adj: connected with the process of reproduction; relating to reproducing babies, young animals, or plants
healthcare	n: the organized activity or business of preserving mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health profession
reclaim	v: to take back something previously lost, given, or paid, or ask to have it back
context	n: the circumstances, facts, or conditions that surround a particular event, situation, or statement and that give it meaning
cooperation	n: the act or situation of working together with someone towards a shared purpose, benefit, etc.
bravery	n: courage in the face of danger
synagogue	n: (also “shul”) a Jewish house of worship, typically consisting of a hall for prayer and study and often containing a sanctuary, a social hall, and a collection of administrative offices
mosque	n: a Muslim place of worship that usually has a minaret (= slender tower with balconies)
shrine	n: a place considered holy because of its association with a deity or a sacred person or relic or because it is a place of pilgrimage or worship