Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (98 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (21 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
ancient | adj: relating to the long ago, particularly the historical period preceding the fall of the Western Roman Empire; very old | |
county | n: an administrative division of a country or state, typically one of several comprising a larger division | |
approximately | adv: close to a specific number or time but not exactly that number or time | |
industrial | adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry | |
suburb | n: an outlying district or residential area of a city or town, typically comprising middle-class and affluent neighborhoods | |
steel | n: a strong metal alloy made up of iron with typically a few tenths of a percent of carbon used for making things that need a strong structure | |
function | n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose | |
collaborate | v: to work with someone else to produce or achieve something | |
portrait | n: a painting, picture; the likeness of a person, especially one showing the face | |
landscape | n: an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view; a large area of land, especially in the country and relating to its appearance | |
aerial | n: a type of acrobatics or gymnastics performed while suspended from hanging fabric or rings; a pass or shot in sports (particularly in soccer or volleyball) that is made while the player is in the air | |
visual | adj: relating to seeing or sight | |
arch | n: a curved structure with two supports that holds the weight of something above it, such as a bridge or the upper part of a building | |
intersection | n: a point where two or more roads, lines, etc., cross each other | |
industrious | adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
communal | adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use | |
tradition | n: a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has been passed down from generation to generation within a group or society | |
grand | adj: important and large in size, scope, or extent | |
narrative | n: a story or a description of a series of events or process of telling a story | |
comprise | v: to include or consist of something; the act of making up or forming something | |
industrialism | n: an economic and social system or stage characterized by the growth of industry and the development of an industrialized society | |
rust | n: a reddish-brown coating or corrosion layer that forms on iron or steel as a result of exposure to moisture and oxygen; the process of corrosion on metal caused by oxidation | |
belt | v: to sing loudly and forcefully; to hit someone or something hard; (noun) a strip of leather or other material worn to tie or buckle something around the body | |
revitalization | n: the process of giving new life or energy to something | |
urban | adj: relating to or located in a town or city | |
pioneer | n: inventor; explorer; someone who is among the first to achieve something | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
frontier | n: a border that separates two countries, or the area near this line | |
mass | n: a large amount of a substance with no definite shape or form; a large number of people or things grouped or crowded together | |
omit | v: to leave out or exclude something; to fail to do something that is expected or required | |
predominantly | adv: mainly, mostly, or primarily; having the greatest influence or power in a particular situation or group | |
co-opt | v: to elect or appoint someone as a member of a group or organization; to take over or appropriate something, often by force or without permission; to use someone or something for one’s purposes or agenda | |
silent | adj: without any or little sound | |
erase | v: to remove something completely, especially by rubbing it | |
ruby | n: a bright red precious stone consisting of corundum, used in jewelry; a transparent type of corundum of any color except red, which is called sapphire | |
avenue | n: a wide road in a town or city, especially with trees or tall buildings on both sides; a line of approach | |
goodwill | n: a friendly or cooperative attitude or feeling between people, businesses, or nations; the reputation or value that a business, organization, or brand has in the community | |
nurse | n: a healthcare professional who is trained to provide care for the sick or injured; (verb) to try to cure by special care or treatment of an illness or injury | |
aid | n: things sent to help countries in need, notably food or money; support | |
flee | v: to leave by running away, especially out of fear or danger | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
disinvestment | n: the act of reducing or withdrawing the amount of money you have provided in a particular area or sector | |
erode | v: to gradually wear away or break down (rock, soil, or other material) through the action of wind, water, or other natural agents; to gradually weaken or undermine (something) over time | |
infrastructure | n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies | |
dismantle | v: to take apart or demolish (a structure, machine, system, or the like); to strip off fittings or equipment | |
stepfather | n: a man who is married to one’s mother but is not one’s biological father | |
retire | v: to withdraw from one’s position or occupation, especially because of age | |
pension | n: a regular payment to a person made by the government or a private company that is intended to allow them to subsist without working | |
temperature | n: the degree of hotness or coldness of a thing or place | |
rebuild | v: to build again or anew | |
furnace | n: an enclosed chamber for heating metal or glass to very high temperatures | |
spill | v: to cause or allow liquid to run or flow over the edge of its container by accident | |
slag | n: the waste matter separated from metals during refining or smelting that is a glass-like by-product, usually a mixture of silicon, sulfur, phosphorous, and other substances; the rough and jagged pieces of rock ejected by a volcano | |
traffic | n: the movement of vehicles, people, or goods along a route or through a transport system; the amount of such movement in a particular place or at a particular time | |
exposure | n: the state of being in a particular situation or place where there is no protection from or guarantee to something harmful; the disclosure of something secret | |
benzene | n: a colorless, flammable liquid hydrocarbon compound with a distinctive sweet odor; commonly used as an industrial solvent and as a starting material for the production of various chemicals | |
atom | n: the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element, composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus | |
cancer | n: abnormal growth of cells that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs; a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells | |
lupus | n: an autoimmune disease that can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, joints, and internal organs, and is characterized by inflammation and tissue damage | |
license | n: an official permission or authorization to do, use, or own something; a legal document that grants the holder the right to perform certain activities, such as driving a car, practicing a profession, or using a particular product or service | |
employee | n: a person who is hired to work for a business or organization in exchange for wages or salary; a worker | |
rehabilitate | v: to restore to good health or physical condition; to help someone return to a normal life, especially after a period of illness, addiction, or imprisonment | |
decimate | v: to destroy a significant portion of something or reduce by ten percent; to cause extensive destruction or severe damage; to drastically reduce in size or number | |
discriminate | v: to treat a person or particular group of people worse or better than another, especially in an unfair way; to recognize or perceive the difference between people or things | |
lawsuit | n: a legal action taken by one party against another in a court of law, typically seeking damages or some other form of remedy for perceived wrongs or harms suffered | |
tower | n: a structure that is exceptionally high in proportion to its width and either forms part of a building or stands alone | |
recreation | n: the activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation; the act or process of making something that existed in the past exists or seems to exist again in a different time or place | |
zone | n: a specific area, region, or section that is marked off or defined in some way | |
pixel | n: the smallest unit of an image that can be displayed or manipulated electronically, typically a point of light on a computer screen or in a digital image | |
conceal | v: to prevent something from being seen, found, observed, or discovered | |
flammable | adj: able to burn easily | |
squeeze | v: to apply pressure from two or more sides; to hold someone or something tightly in your arms, usually with fondness | |
charter | n: a document that grants certain rights or privileges; a contract to hire or lease transportation | |
helicopter | n: a type of aircraft that is capable of hovering in place and moving vertically, as well as flying horizontally; often used for emergency medical services, military operations, and transport in areas with limited access | |
aggressive | adj: behaving in an angry, energetic, or threatening way towards another person; tending to spread quickly | |
dispossess | v: to deprive someone of the possession or use of something, often property or land | |
observation | n: the act or activity of carefully examining or monitoring something or someone | |
rev | n: a measure of the rate at which an engine or motor rotates, often expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM); (verb) to increase the number of rotations per minute | |
bundle | n: a group of things that are tied or wrapped together; a large amount or quantity of something; a package or parcel of things | |
conservation | n: the protection of something important, such as the natural environment or artificial structures, especially from the damaging effects of human activity | |
claim | v: to assert that something is true; to demand or request something as one’s own; to lay legal or moral right to something; (noun) a demand or assertion of a right or something that one believes to be true | |
recycle | v: to sort and collect things to process them and produce valuable materials that can be used again | |
tire | v: to become weary or fatigued, often due to physical or mental exertion; to cause someone to feel weary or fatigued; (noun) a rubber covering that is placed around the rim of a wheel, which provides traction and absorbs shock while driving | |
preserve | v: to keep or maintain a particular quality, feature, etc., especially to prevent it from decaying, being damaged, or being destroyed | |
improve | v: to make or become better | |
spiral | n: a curve that coils around a central point and gets progressively farther away from it as it goes around | |
micro | n: extremely small in scale or scope; one millionth | |
macro | n: (computing) a set of instructions that automate a frequently used series of keystrokes or mouse actions; (photography) a lens that allows you to take close-up photographs; (economics) a large-scale economic policy or system | |
excavate | v: to dig or remove earth, rocks, or other materials from the ground or a site, often to uncover or discover something | |
mount | v: to increase, go up, or advance gradually or continuously; to prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance; to ride on something or someone | |
exhibition | n: a public event or display of works of art, scientific or industrial objects, or other items of interest, usually held in a museum or art gallery | |
platform | n: the raised flat space close to the track at a train station where passengers get on or off the train; (technology) a computational or digital environment in which a piece of software is executed | |
launch | v: to send or propel something into the air or space using a device such as a rocket, missile, or spacecraft; to make something available or on sale for the first time | |
reclamation | n: the process of restoring or reclaiming something, particularly land or resources that have been damaged or depleted; the act of obtaining or recovering something that was lost or taken away | |
historic | adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so | |
socioeconomic | adj: relating to the social and economic factors that shape an individual, group, or community, particularly in terms of income, occupation, education, and social class | |
inequality | n: the unfairness of a society in which some people have more opportunity, money, etc. than others; (mathematics) relation between two values when they are different |