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All Words (89 Words)

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Advanced Words (15 Words)

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Word List

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Word	Meaning	Advanced
plateau	n: an elevated, relatively level expanse of land, typically vast and extending over a large area; a state or period of little or no change following a period of growth, development, or progress
oxygen	n: the chemical element with the symbol O that is present in air and water and is necessary for people, animals, and plants to live
settler	n: a person who moved with a group of others to live in a different country or area
struggle	v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction
altitude	n: the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level
native	adj: connecting with or describing someone’s birth country or place of birth, or someone born in a specific country or place
sprint	v: to run at full speed over a short distance or period of time
apparent	adj: able to see or understand easily or clearly
survive	v: to live or exist despite a dangerous event or period
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
genetic	adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes
estimate	v: to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something
evolve	v: to develop gradually, or to cause the development of something or someone gradually
ongoing	adj: continuing to exist or develop, or currently happening
adaptation	n: the action or process of changing to suit different conditions
evolution	n: a gradual process of transformation of living things
technological	adj: based on scientific and industrial progress
innovation	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation
arctic	adj: of or relating to the region around the North Pole or the Arctic Ocean; very cold
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
extreme	adj: very great in amount or degree
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
frostbite	n: a medical condition that occurs when the skin and underlying tissue freeze due to exposure to extremely cold temperatures, resulting in damage or loss of tissue and, in severe cases, amputation
sub-zero	adj: indicating a temperature that is below freezing point; extremely cold, or frigid
temperature	n: the degree of hotness or coldness of a thing or place
undergo	v: to go through something unpleasant or that involves a change
metabolism	n: the set of chemical reactions in cells or organisms that are necessary for life-sustaining
dive	v: to jump into the water with your head and arms going in first, or to move down to a deeper level underwater
underwater	adv: below or under the surface of the water
nomadic	adj: moving from one location to another rather than staying in one place all of the time
hunt	v: to go after and try to catch wild animals to kill them for food, sport, or profit
genetically	adv: in a way that relates to or is produced by genes (= the units in the cells of a living thing received by an animal or plant from its parents) or heredity
hardwired	adj: built-in or innate, often referring to behavior or traits that are instinctive or automatic, as if pre-programmed in the brain or genetics
unusually	adv: in a way that is not typical or expected
spleen	n: a large, blood-rich organ located in the upper left region of the abdomen, known for its role in the immune system, blood storage, and blood filtration
seal	v: to close or fasten an envelope, etc. securely; (noun) a large marine mammal that chiefly lives in cold regions and comes on shore to breed
pedestrian	n: a person who is in the street, especially in an area where vehicles go
comparison	n: the consideration or examination of the similarities between two or more people or things
mammal	n: any animal of which the female gives birth to live young, not eggs, and feeds her young on milk from her own body
wean	v: to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal with its mother’s milk and to start or accustom to eating other food
digest	v: to transform food into absorbable substances; break down
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
sub-Saharan	adj: of or relating to or situated in the area south of the Sahara Desert
cow	n: a domesticated mammal with characteristic features such as a hump, large udders, and curved horns that is raised for its milk or meat
variant	n: something that is slightly different from others of the same type
calcium	n: a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20, which is an important mineral for the human body
aid	n: things sent to help countries in need, notably food or money; support
vitamin	n: any of a group of organic compounds that are essential in small quantities to the diet and are present in natural foodstuffs or sometimes produced within the body
sunlight	n: the light emitted by the sun; the rays of the sun
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
improve	v: to make or become better
reproductive	adj: connected with the process of reproduction; relating to reproducing babies, young animals, or plants
evolutionary	adj: relating to or denoting how living things develop or change from earlier forms
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
medicinal	adj: of or relating to the treatment or cure of disease
combine	v: to join or merge to form a single thing or group
infectious	adj: able to be passed quickly from one person, animal, or plant to another, especially through air or water
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
antibiotic	n: a substance or drug that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria
vaccine	n: a substance that is put into the body and protects them from disease by causing them to produce antibodies (= proteins that attack harmful bacteria, viruses, etc.)
sanitation	n: the process of maintaining a clean and hygienic environment, particularly in public health and safety contexts; the practice of disposing of waste products in a safe and appropriate manner
similarly	adv: in almost the same way
cancer	n: abnormal growth of cells that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs; a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
surgery	n: medical treatment of injuries or diseases involving an incision with instruments and often removing or replacing some parts of the body; the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures
extract	n: a short passage taken from a book, piece of music, etc.; a substance obtained from something through a specific process; (verb) to obtain from something or to remove something by effort or force
inflame	v: to cause very strong feelings such as anger or excitement in a person or a group of people
appendix	n: a small, tube-shaped organ attached to the large intestine in humans and some animals, which is believed to play a role in the immune system and digestion; supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book
threaten	v: to utter intentions of injury or punishment against someone
pregnant	adj: having a baby or young animal developing in the uterus
specific	adj: clearly defined or particular to a certain thing or situation; distinct, explicit, and precise
aspect	n: one part or feature of a situation, problem, subject, etc.
variation	n: the act or state of changing; a difference or change in the way something is done, made or said
drift	v: to move smoothly and slowly in water or air, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over the direction
vary	v: to become different in terms of size, shape, etc.
random	adj: made, done, or happening without method, conscious decision, or any regular pattern
mutation	n: the way in which genes of a person, plant, animal, or other organism change and produce permanent differences
eliminate	v: to remove or get rid of someone or something
necessarily	adv: in an essential manner; in such a way as could not be otherwise
translate	v: to convert or change words into another language
observable	adj: that can be noticed or seen
phenotype	n: the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an individual organism that result from the interaction between its genetic makeup and the environment in which it lives
investigate	v: to conduct a systematic or formal inquiry to identify and evaluate the facts of a crime, problem, statement, etc. to establish the truth
epigenetic	adj: relating to changes in gene expression that are not caused by alterations in the underlying DNA sequence but rather by modifications to the structure of DNA or proteins that regulate gene activity
modification	n: the act of changing something, usually to improve it, or something changed
lifetime	n: the duration of someone’s life or something’s existence;
offspring	n: descendant; any immature animal or plant
conflict	n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals
persist	v: to continue to do and refuse to stop something despite difficulties or opposition, even if it appears unreasonable
contributor	n: a person or thing that adds to the achievement, production, or growth of something (such as a project, organization, or publication); a donor or benefactor