Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (267 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (56 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
climate | n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period | |
crisis | n: a time of great disagreement, confusion, or danger when problems must be resolved or critical decisions must be taken | |
convinced | adj: completely certain about something; having a strong belief or conviction in a particular religion | |
definition | n: a concise explanation of the meaning of a word, phrase, or symbol | |
slide | v: to move or cause to move smoothly along a surface without interruption | |
troposphere | n: the lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, extending from the surface to about 7 to 20 kilometers, where the majority of weather occurs | |
atmosphere | n: the mass of air that surrounds the Earth; the pervading tone or mood of a place, situation, or creative work | |
oxygen | n: the chemical element with the symbol O that is present in air and water and is necessary for people, animals, and plants to live | |
refract | v: to bend or alter the direction of light, sound, or particles as they pass through different substances or mediums; to cause something to appear distorted or altered | |
highway | n: a main road, especially one connecting major towns or cities | |
straight | adj: extending or moving in one direction without bending or curving; having no deviations | |
greenhouse | n: a building with walls and roof made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass, for growing plants in | |
pollution | n: the introduction of harmful substances or waste into the natural environment that causes adverse change | |
sewer | n: an underground system of pipes used to carry away sewage and wastewater | |
consequence | n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual | |
tier | n: one of a series of rows or levels arranged one above the other, typically used to describe the arrangement of objects or levels of importance | |
suffer | v: to experience pain, distress, or hardship; to undergo or endure something painful or unpleasant | |
drought | n: a long period of time during which there is very little or no rain, leading to a shortage of water and often causing damage to crops and other vegetation | |
bomb | n: a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or injure people or to cause damage to something | |
downpour | n: a heavy rain that often starts suddenly | |
flood | n: a large amount of water flowing beyond its normal limits; an overwhelming number or amount | |
simultaneously | adv: at the same time | |
ingenious | adj: showing inventiveness and ability or skill | |
gravity | n: the force that attracts a body towards the center of the earth or towards any other physical body having mass; a manner that is solemn | |
satellite | n: an electronic device that is sent up into space and moves around the Earth or another planet, used for gathering information or communicating by radio, television, etc. | |
opportune | adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose | |
surplus | n: an amount of something more than what is needed or required; excess or extra supply | |
amplitude | n: the extent or magnitude of something; the volume or intensity of a sound wave or signal | |
planet | n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star | |
distress | n: a feeling of great worry, sadness, pain, or discomfort | |
hike | n: a long walk or journey, especially for pleasure or exercise; an increase in cost | |
revelation | n: a fact that has been disclosed to others, especially a surprising one; the act of revealing or telling the fact or truth to others; communication of knowledge to humans by a divine or supernatural agency | |
scan | v: to examine something hastily, with the eyes or with a machine, to get information | |
normally | adv: usually; under normal conditions | |
level-headed | adj: possessing a calm and rational attitude; able to make sound judgments and decisions, especially during times of stress or difficult situations | |
freak | n: an abnormality that is not typical or expected | |
pole | n: one of two antipodal points where the Earth’s axis of rotation intersects the Earth’s surface; a long, slender, rounded rod, typically of wood or metal, used as a support or to hang something | |
Atlantic | adj: relating to or located near the Atlantic Ocean, which is the second-largest ocean on Earth, located between the continents of North and South America to the west and Europe and Africa to the east | |
temperature | n: the degree of hotness or coldness of a thing or place | |
obvious | adj: easy to see, discover or understand | |
tremendous | adj: very great in degree or extent or amount or impact; extremely good | |
progression | n: the act or process of changing to the next stage or phase or moving forward | |
inflation | n: a general and progressive increase in prices; (cosmology) a theory of the exponential expansion of space in the early universe; the act of filling something with air | |
reduction | n: a decrease in size, amount, or degree | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
president | n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc. | |
congress | n: a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups | |
legislation | n: a law or a set of laws suggested and then passed by a parliament, or the act of making or enacting laws | |
lift | v: to raise something to a higher position or level; to pick up something or somebody and move them to a different position | |
creditor | n: a person, company, etc. to whom a debtor owes money | |
open-ended | adj: without any limits or restrictions; allowing for a spontaneous response | |
trillion | n: the number 1,000,000,000,000; a million million | |
government | n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state | |
nation | n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture | |
policy | n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective | |
union | n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together | |
resist | v: to refuse to accept something and attempt to prevent it from happening | |
blackmail | n: the act of demanding money or something else in return for not revealing embarrassing or damaging information | |
sadistic | adj: deriving pleasure from inflicting pain, suffering, or humiliation on others; cruel and brutal in a way that causes others to suffer | |
cruel | adj: feeling or showing pleasure in causing pain or suffering to others | |
invasion | n: army’s act of forcibly entering another country or territory to take control of it | |
renewable | adj: capable of being renewed, extended, or replaced | |
coal | n: a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is found below the ground and burnt to produce heat | |
utilization | n: the act or process of using something effectively or productively; the extent to which something is used | |
spite | n: feelings of anger and resentment; (in spite of, also despite) a phrase that is used to indicate that something happened or exists even though there is a particular obstacle or difficulty | |
emission | n: the act of production or sending out gas, heat, light, etc. | |
deploy | v: to move troops or weapons into a position or military action; to bring into something in an effective way | |
obstacle | n: a thing that blocks one’s way or prevents or hinders progress | |
unrelenting | adj: not easing or slackening in intensity; persistent and unwavering in pursuit of a goal | |
opposition | n: the act of disagreeing or resisting; the state of strong disagreement | |
fossil | n: any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing that has become hard and turned into rock | |
fuel | n: a substance that is typically burned to generate heat or energy | |
industrious | adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort | |
municipal | adj: of or relating to a municipality, which is a small administrative division within a larger city or town | |
provincial | adj: of or relating to a local government; having characteristics or views that are narrow in scope or limited by a narrow outlook | |
lobby | n: a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and wait; a group of people who try to persuade a politician, the government, or an official group to influence legislation | |
revolve | v: to rotate around a central point | |
colleague | n: one of a group of a coworker, especially in a profession or a business | |
fraud | n: the crime of gaining money or financial benefits by deceiving people; a person who makes deceitful pretenses | |
massive | adj: enormous amount; very heavy and solid | |
falsehood | n: a statement or belief that is untrue, often intentionally deceptive or misleading | |
industrial | adj: of or relating to or resulting from industry | |
economy | n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel | |
lavish | adj: large in amount and expensive or impressive | |
capture | v: to catch a person or an animal and confine them in an area which they cannot escape | |
policymaker | n: a person in charge of or involved in developing action plans for a political party, business, etc. | |
process | n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products | |
secretary | n: a person whose job is to deal with correspondence, keep records, and do administrative work for a company or organization | |
polluted | adj: contaminated with harmful or poisonous substances | |
gratitude | n: the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for and to return kindness | |
consciously | adv: with awareness; in a deliberate manner | |
decide | v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options | |
calm | adj: not excited, angry, or nervous; free from wind, large waves | |
brazenly | adv: behaving or acting in a bold, shameless, or audacious manner; without inhibition or regard for social conventions or consequences | |
seize | v: to catch or take hold of someone or something suddenly and forcibly; to capture the attention or imagination of something | |
delegate | n: a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular, an elected representative sent to a conference; (verb) to transfer power to someone | |
combine | v: to join or merge to form a single thing or group | |
petrol | n: a flammable liquid made from petroleum that is used as a fuel in internal combustion engines, commonly known as gasoline in North America | |
appoint | v: to give someone a job or role, especially as a public official or member of an organization; to arrange or decide on a time or a place | |
blatant | adj: completely obvious, often offensively or inappropriately; characterized by shameless or brazen behavior | |
conflict | n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals | |
credible | adj: capable of being trusted or believed | |
whatsoever | adv: not at all; no matter what | |
frame | n: a strong border or structure of the wood, metal, etc. that surrounds something such as a picture, door, or window | |
disguise | v: to hide or alter someone’s appearance to deceive or mislead others | |
agency | n: an organization or business that is responsible for specific activities or services, especially when representing other organizations or businesses; the capacity or power to act or exert influence; the ability to make decisions and take action | |
publicly | adv: in a manner accessible to or observable by the public; by the government | |
pledge | v: to make a formal promise to give or do something | |
comply | v: to obey an order, set of rules, or request | |
beg | v: to ask for something urgently or earnestly; to appeal to someone to do something | |
veto | n: the power or right to prevent a decision or law from being enacted or enforced, typically granted to a person in authority, such as a government official or a president | |
mention | v: to speak or write about something or someone briefly | |
phase | n: any stage in a series of events, change, or development | |
equivalent | n: having the same value, quality, meaning, purpose, etc. | |
discuss | v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic | |
collaboration | n: the act or situation of working together to create or produce something | |
sultan | n: a king or ruler of an Islamic country or state, particularly in the Middle East; a title of respect for a Muslim ruler or leader | |
engaging | adj: attracting, pleasant, or charming | |
roll | v: to move in a particular direction by turning over and over or from side to side | |
invest | v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result | |
revolution | n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war; | |
biofuel | n: a fuel produced from organic matter, such as crops or waste material, that can be used to replace or supplement traditional fossil fuels | |
algae | n: A simple plant that grows in or near water and lacks typical leaves and roots | |
cancel | v: to decide that a previously scheduled activity will not take place | |
faith | n: complete trust in something or someone’s ability or knowledge; a strong belief in religion, divine power, etc. | |
shell | n: hard outer covering or case of eggs, nuts, some seeds, and some animals | |
reverse | v: to change something’s direction, order, position, decision, etc., to the opposite one; (adjective) directed or moving toward the rear | |
commitment | n: a promise or firm decision to do something or to behave in a certain way | |
announce | v: to make something known or officially inform people about something | |
plow | n: a farming implement used for breaking up and turning over the soil, especially before planting; (verb) to turn over and break up the soil in preparation for planting crops | |
expand | v: to increase or to make something greater in size, number, or importance | |
memo | n: a short written message or communication intended for internal use within an organization or company | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
pretension | n: the act of claiming or asserting something, especially without good reason or without evidence; an unfounded or excessive claim or ambition | |
authoritative | adj: having or showing knowledge, expertise, or power in a particular field or area; recognized as being accurate or reliable; commanding respect or obedience | |
feasible | adj: capable of being or likely to be made, done, or achieved | |
carbon | n: a chemical element that can be found in pure form as diamond or graphite, and it is also an essential part of coal and oil and is found in all plants and animals | |
trace | v: to find or discover someone or something that was lost | |
improve | v: to make or become better | |
pathetic | adj: arousing pity, sorrow, or compassion; expressing or evoking sadness, weakness, or inadequacy; inadequate or inferior in quality or ability | |
sliver | n: a small, thin, narrow piece or fragment of something, often characterized by its length or its sharpness or thinness; a small portion or amount of something, often used in a metaphorical sense to describe a trace or a hint of something | |
ironic | adj: using words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal or usual meaning, often for humorous or rhetorical effect | |
burning | adj: intense or scorching heat | |
utility | n: the state or quality of being useful or convenient; the service, such as electric power or water or transportation, provided by a public | |
mandate | n: an official or authoritative instruction or command; a commission or authority to carry out a particular task | |
electrify | v: to make a machine or system work by using electricity; to make someone extremely enthusiastic about or interested in something | |
sequester | v: to take temporary possession of someone’s property until a debt is paid. | |
scream | v: to give a loud, high shout suddenly, especially because of fear, anger, excitement, etc.; to utter or declare in a very loud voice | |
bloody | adj: covered in or smeared with blood; involving or characterized by bloodshed or brutality | |
murder | n: the crime of killing somebody intentionally | |
technique | n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill | |
economical | adj: providing a satisfactory return on the money, time, or effort; not using more money, fuel, etc. than necessary | |
automatically | adv: without needing a direct human control | |
chip | n: a small fragment of something broken off from the whole; a long and thin piece of potato fried in oil or fat | |
storage | n: the act or process of putting in and keeping something in a particular place for use in the future; an electronic memory device that can store information | |
decline | v: to become gradually smaller, fewer, worse, etc.; to refuse to accept | |
breakthrough | n: a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem | |
compromise | v: to settle a problem or disagreement by mutual concession | |
excuse | n: a reason or explanation, either true or invented, given to justify a fault or defend your behavior; (verb) to make someone free from blame or clear from guilt | |
giant | adj: enormous; much bigger or more important than similar items usually are | |
vacuum | n: a space empty of matter; a device or tool used for cleaning or removing debris by creating suction | |
license | n: an official permission or authorization to do, use, or own something; a legal document that grants the holder the right to perform certain activities, such as driving a car, practicing a profession, or using a particular product or service | |
moral | adj: concerned with the principles of what is right and wrong, fairness, honesty, etc. | |
hazard | n: something dangerous and likely to cause damage | |
bug | n: any tiny insect; a fault or defect in a computer program, system, or machine | |
feat | n: a notable or impressive achievement, especially one that requires great skill or bravery | |
state-of-the-art | adj: characterized by the use of the latest and most advanced technology or methods; cutting-edge | |
impressive | adj: arousing admiration due to size, quality, or skill | |
improvisation | n: the act of making something up on the spot or creating or performing something without preparation | |
claim | v: to assert that something is true; to demand or request something as one’s own; to lay legal or moral right to something; (noun) a demand or assertion of a right or something that one believes to be true | |
incredible | adj: unbelievable; enormous | |
gaslight | v: to manipulate someone psychologically into doubting their perceptions and memories of events, typically to gain control over them or to make them question their own sanity; (noun) a type of lighting that was commonly used in the 19th and early 20th centuries, in which a flame burns within a glass globe to produce a steady light | |
pun | n: a humorous play on words or use of words that sound similar but have different meanings, often for a comedic effect; a form of wordplay | |
physics | n: the science of matter and energy and their interactions | |
methane | n: a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4 with no smell or color, often used as a fuel | |
soot | n: a black, powdery substance that is produced by the incomplete burning of a material such as coal, wood, or oil and is often found on surfaces near the source of the fire | |
mercury | n: a heavy, silvery-white metal that is liquid at room temperature and is used in thermometers, electrical equipment, and other devices; (Mercury) the smallest planet and the nearest to the sun | |
particulate | adj: consisting of small particles, especially those that are suspended in a fluid or air | |
advocate | n: a person who supports or suggests an idea, development, or way of doing something | |
nonsense | n: an idea, behavior, or something spoken or written that has no meaning or makes no sense or that is silly or unacceptable | |
dump | v: to deposit or dispose of something, such as trash, waste, etc., carelessly or hurriedly | |
communal | adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use | |
downwind | adv: in the direction that the wind is blowing, particularly about the adverse effects that the wind may carry | |
smokestack | n: a vertical pipe or chimney, usually of brick or metal, through which smoke or exhaust gases from a fire or engine are discharged into the air | |
occidental | adj: relating to the countries or cultures of the western hemisphere or the western parts of the world, especially Europe and North America; opposite of oriental | |
replace | v: to take the place of something | |
doe | n: a mature female of mammals of which the male is called a buck, such as a deer or a rabbit | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
victim | n: a person who has been harmed, injured, or otherwise negatively affected by a particular action, circumstance, or event | |
downstream | adv: in the direction that a stream or river flows; (adjective) in the direction of a stream’s current | |
offset | v: to compensate for or counterbalance one influence against an opposing influence | |
chevron | n: a V-shaped pattern of decorative lines or stripes found in various types of fabrics, such as tweed or herringbone; (of a military) a symbol worn on the sleeve or shoulder of a uniform to indicate rank or length of service consisting of one or more V-shaped stripes, with the number of stripes indicating the level of rank | |
analyze | v: to think about in-depth and evaluate to discover essential features or meaning | |
worthless | adj: having no value or usefulness; not worth considering | |
junk | n: discarded or unused material or objects, often considered worthless or of little value; also used to describe cheap or poorly made items or food that is high in calories but lacking in nutrition | |
jail | n: a facility where criminals are kept to be punished for their crimes; a prison | |
aim | v: to try or plan to get or achieve something | |
ignore | v: to intentionally not listen or pay attention to | |
scope | n: the range of one’s perceptions, thoughts, or actions, or a subject that | |
windfall | n: an unexpected benefit or advantage, especially a large profit or gain | |
profit | n: money that is earned in business or by selling things after deducting the costs involved | |
shareholder | n: a person who owns shares of stock in a company or business and therefore gets the company’s profit and has the right to control the company | |
dividend | n: a sum of money paid regularly, typically quarterly, by a company to its shareholders out of its profits or reserves | |
buyback | n: the act of buying back something that was previously sold, especially by a company purchasing its shares of stock; a refund or repurchase of a product or item | |
sincere | adj: (of a person, feelings, or behavior) open and genuine; not deceitful | |
incentive | n: something, such as a punishment, reward, etc., that encourages a person to do something | |
scalable | adj: capable of being easily expanded or increased in size, number, or scale to meet changing demands | |
remotely | adv: at a distance; not directly or easily accessible | |
backward | adv: at, to, or toward the direction or place that is behind or rear | |
exclude | v: to deny someone or something enter to a place or taking part in an activity | |
genuine | adj: real and exactly; not pretended; sincerely felt or expressed | |
phasedown | n: a gradual reduction in the activity, size, amount, or intensity of something, often related to the dismantling or elimination of a particular industry or practice | |
committed | adj: willing to put in a lot of effort, time, and energy into something; firmly believing in something | |
disclosure | n: the act of making something known or revealing information that was previously hidden or secret, often used in legal or financial contexts | |
transition | n: the process or period of changing from one state or circumstance to another | |
transparency | n: the condition or quality of being easy to see through | |
greenwashing | n: the practice of making deceptive or exaggerated claims about the environmental benefits of a product or service to appeal to eco-conscious consumers | |
reform | n: the act of improving or correcting something that is wrong or bad; a change made to correct a flaw or problem | |
absolute | adj: perfect or complete or to the most considerable degree possible | |
empower | v: to give someone the power or authority to do something | |
prohibit | v: to officially stop something from being done or used, especially by enforcing the law | |
responsible | adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management | |
release | v: to set free or allow to escape from confinement | |
insufficient | adj: not enough for a particular purpose | |
allocate | v: to give or distribute something, such as resources or duties, to someone or something for a particular purpose | |
subsidy | n: money paid by a government or an organization as part of the cost of something to aid or encourage it to happen | |
subsidize | v: to pay part of the cost of something to support an organization, activity, etc. financially | |
taxpayer | n: a person who pays taxes to the government | |
preposterous | adj: absurd, ridiculous, or contrary to reason or common sense | |
corruption | n: dishonest, harmful, or illegal behavior, especially of people in positions of power | |
currency | n: a system of money in general use in a particular country | |
off-take | n: the act of taking or extracting something, typically referring to the removal or withdrawal of a resource or product from a larger source or system | |
multilateral | adj: involving or occurring among three or more parties or nations; having multiple sides or aspects; characterized by a cooperative or consensus-building approach to problem-solving or decision-making | |
suppose | v: to think that something is likely to be actual or possible | |
excite | v: to make someone feel suddenly enthusiastic or eager | |
accelerate | v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly | |
grid | n: a pattern of regularly spaced horizontal and vertical lines; a system of high tension cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a region | |
resilient | adj: able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions | |
agriculture | n: the practice or science of cultivating the land or raising stock | |
quitter | n: a person who gives up easily or does not have the determination to finish what they have started | |
hydrogen | n: the chemical element that is the lightest gas is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and combines with oxygen to form water | |
electrolysis | n: a process or technique of chemical decomposition produced by passing an electric current through an ion-containing liquid or solution | |
surmount | v: to overcome or conquer a difficulty, obstacle, or challenge; to rise above or be victorious over something | |
install | v: to fix furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position so that it can be used; put into an office or a position | |
battery | n: a device that is placed inside a car, gadget, equipment, etc. and that provides electrical power to them | |
dramatically | adv: in a very impressive manner | |
rescale | v: to alter the scale or size of something, typically by making it larger or smaller; to adjust, calibrate, or standardize something to a new or different level or value | |
graph | n: a picture consisting of a line, lines, points, etc., that shows how two or more sets of certain quantities are related to each other | |
emerging | adj: starting to exist, mature, or become well-known | |
gigantic | adj: extremely large | |
session | n: a formal meeting or series of meetings for the execution of a particular group’s functions; a period spent doing a particular activity | |
pipeline | n: a very long large tube that is usually underground and is used for carrying liquid or gas for long distances | |
vulnerable | adj: capable of being hurt or influenced physically or mentally | |
despair | n: the feeling that there is no hope and you cannot do anything to improve a difficult situation | |
cliche | n: a phrase or expression that has become overused to the point that it has lost its original impact or meaning; a trite or unoriginal idea or statement | |
denial | n: a statement that something is not true or does not exist | |
tire | v: to become weary or fatigued, often due to physical or mental exertion; to cause someone to feel weary or fatigued; (noun) a rubber covering that is placed around the rim of a wheel, which provides traction and absorbs shock while driving | |
trunk | n: the main stem or body of a tree which its branches grow | |
regard | v: to think about or consider somebody or something in a specified way | |
amazing | adj: extremely surprising, especially in a way that you like or admire | |
astonishing | adj: surprising or shocking; difficult to believe | |
lag | v: to move or develop so slowly that you are behind other people, organizations, etc. | |
loop | n: a shape like a curve or a circle made by something long and thin, such as a piece of string, that bends round and crosses itself | |
melt | v: to turn from something solid into something soft or liquid as a result of heating | |
vegetation | n: plants in general, particularly those indigenous to a particular region or spot | |
doubt | n: a feeling of being uncertain about something, especially about how good or accurate it is |