Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (266 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (70 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
existence | n: the state or fact of someone or something existing | |
angst | n: a feeling of deep anxiety or dread, typically an unfocused one about the human condition or the state of the world in general | |
quote | v: to repeat or reproduce the words or statement of someone else, often acknowledging the source; to give an estimated cost or price for goods or services | |
purple | adj: of a color intermediate between red and blue | |
formal | adj: following established, public, or official forms and conventions, often in a serious or somber manner | |
curiosity | n: a strong desire to know or learn about something | |
poke | v: to push or prod with a sharp object or the finger | |
pry | v: to force open or to try to get information from someone by asking too many questions | |
attitude | n: the way you think and feel about someone or something | |
crucial | adj: extremely vital or necessary | |
vital | adj: necessary for the success or continued existence of something | |
revitalization | n: the process of giving new life or energy to something | |
critic | n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc. | |
abstract | adj: based on general ideas, feelings, or qualities and not on any a physical or concrete existence | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
confer | v: to have a meeting or discussion to come to a decision or agreement or exchange ideas; to bestow something | |
grant | v: to agree to give or allow somebody | |
substrate | n: a substance or layer from which an organism grows and lives and by which an organism is supported; a substance on which an enzyme or ferment act | |
exploit | v: to make full use of and gain an advantage from resources, opportunities, etc. | |
genetic | adj: of or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) or the science of genes | |
engineer | n: a person whose job is designing, building, or maintaining something such as machines, structures, or software | |
laser | n: a device that emits powerful and narrow light that can be used as a tool to cut metal through a process of optical amplification | |
scan | v: to examine something hastily, with the eyes or with a machine, to get information | |
missile | n: a weapon, such as a rocket or guided projectile, that is self-propelled and directed by remote control or by an internal guidance mechanism | |
fiber | n: thread or filament used to make a vegetable tissue, mineral material, or textile | |
optics | n: the academic study of vision and light | |
definition | n: a concise explanation of the meaning of a word, phrase, or symbol | |
weave | v: to make cloth, a carpet, a basket, etc., by repeatedly crossing a single thread through two sets of long threads at a right angle to them | |
enterprise | n: a business or company; a purposeful or industrious undertaking, especially one that requires effort | |
suite | n: a set of rooms designated for a particular purpose or activity, especially a set of rooms in a hotel or private residence used as a living unit; a musical composition of several movements only loosely connected; the group following and attending to some important person | |
revolution | n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war; | |
ban | v: to officially or legally forbid or refuse to allow something | |
exception | n: something that is not included in a general rule or pattern; a person or thing that is excluded or stands apart from others | |
creative | adj: relating to or involving the use of skill and original and unusual ideas to create something | |
contribute | v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people | |
legacy | n: something that is handed down from an earlier generation or time, often something that has had a significant impact on subsequent generations; a bequest made by a person in their will, often money or property | |
frank | adj: honest and sincere; open and candid in expression | |
concerned | adj: feeling worry or interest about something; showing interest or attention | |
skeptical | adj: doubting that something is accurate or useful | |
purposeful | adj: having a specific aim or purpose; determined | |
consciously | adv: with awareness; in a deliberate manner | |
laggard | n: a person or thing that falls behind or moves slowly, particularly in a group or in comparison to others | |
lag | v: to move or develop so slowly that you are behind other people, organizations, etc. | |
psychiatry | n: the branch of medicine concerned with the study, treatment, and prevention of mental illness | |
generation | n: all the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively; the production of heat or electricity | |
relative | adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else | |
obscurity | n: the state of being hard to see or understand; lack of clarity or distinction | |
fulfill | v: to meet the requirements or expectations; to achieve or realize | |
betray | v: to reveal or deliver to an enemy by treachery or disloyalty; to reveal something unintentionally | |
reconcile | v: to find a way of dealing with two or more ideas, needs, etc. that are opposed to each other to agree and coexist | |
integrate | v: to combine one thing with another so that they form a whole or work together; to accept equal participation for members of all races and ethnic groups | |
schism | n: a split or division between two groups or factions, typically caused by differences in opinion or belief | |
separate | v: to force, take, or pull apart; mark as different | |
probable | adj: likely to happen or likely to be true | |
introduction | n: a preliminary explanation or remarks given before the start of a text, performance, or event; the act of bringing something new into existence or introducing something to a wider audience or new market | |
decision | n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options | |
cute | adj: attractive, especially in a childlike or youthful way | |
folk | n: people in general, especially those of a particular group or type | |
neat | adj: clean or tidy, with everything in its place | |
ingenious | adj: showing inventiveness and ability or skill | |
tendency | n: an inclination or predisposition towards a particular behavior, attitude, or course of action; a natural or prevailing tendency or characteristic | |
counselor | n: a person trained to give advice and help people deal with personal or emotional problems | |
analytical | adj: relating to or using analysis (= the process of breaking down a complex system or concept into smaller, simpler parts to understand it better), or able to analyze | |
concept | n: an idea or principle associated with something abstract | |
underlie | v: to be the support, basis, hidden cause of something; to be located under or below | |
stymie | v: to obstruct, hinder, or prevent something from succeeding or happening; to present an obstacle or impediment to progress or achievement | |
accepting | adj: willing to receive or to take something offered | |
dichotomy | n: a division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different; a sharp contrast between two opposing and mutually exclusive categories or concepts | |
tongue | n: a moveable mass of muscle tissue covered with mucous membrane that is in the mouth; a language | |
cheek | n: either side of the face below the eye and between the nose and the jaw | |
attempt | n: an act or effort of trying to do something, especially something difficult | |
accommodate | v: to provide someone with a place to live or to be stored in; to make fit for or to change to suit a new purpose | |
foundation | n: the lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically below ground level; a fundamental basis or principle upon which something is built or established; an organization that provides funding or support for charitable or educational purposes | |
mess | n: a state of confusion, dirtiness, or untidiness; (verb) to fail to do something or to make something dirty or untidy | |
illogical | adj: not making sense or not based on sound reasoning | |
talent | n: a natural ability to be good at something; someone who has a natural ability to be good at something | |
logical | adj: characterized by clear and sound reasoning; following a rational and systematic approach; based on or in accordance with logic or reason | |
childhood | n: the state or time of being a child | |
span | n: the entire length of something, such as time or space from beginning to end; the amount of space that something covers | |
hippie | n: a person who follows a counterculture movement that originated in the United States during the 1960s, characterized by the advocacy of nonviolence, communal living, and a rejection of traditional American values | |
resent | v: to feel anger, bitterness, or indignation towards someone or something as a result of unfair treatment or perceived injustice; to harbor negative feelings towards someone or something | |
anarchy | n: a state of society without government or law | |
participate | v: to take part in something | |
incredible | adj: unbelievable; enormous | |
percolate | v: to filter through a porous substance or material; to pass through gradually or spread slowly; to rise or pass through a liquid or container, as in a coffee maker | |
prime | adj: main or most important; basic; (prime number, noun) a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers (e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 13) | |
trek | n: a long and difficult journey, typically on foot | |
involve | v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else | |
dimension | n: a measurable extent of a particular kind, such as width, height, or length | |
assume | v: to think or accept something to be true without having proof of it; to take or begin to have power; to begin to exhibit a specific quality or appearance | |
doll | n: a child’s toy that typically represents a human figure, especially a young girl; an attractive woman; a woman who is subservient or passive | |
fashion | n: a style that is popular at a particular time or place; the state of being popular | |
ceramics | n: objects made from materials such as clay that are hardened by heat, often to create functional or decorative items | |
avid | adj: characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit, especially of an interest or activity | |
astronomy | n: the scientific study of objects and matter outside the Earth’s atmosphere, especially the positions, motions, and evolution of celestial bodies | |
calculus | n: a branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and limits; the accumulation of hard mineral deposits that can form in organs or ducts in the body, such as kidney stones or gallstones | |
philosophy | n: the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind | |
infinity | n: the state or quality of having no end or limit; (mathematics) a number greater than any natural number | |
bang | v: to hit or cause to hit something in a way that makes a loud noise | |
chemical | adj: relating to or connected with chemistry; | |
union | n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together | |
president | n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc. | |
quarter | n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion | |
juggle | v: to manage or cope with several tasks, responsibilities, or situations simultaneously; to keep several things in the air at once, as in a juggling act | |
process | n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products | |
logic | n: a way of thinking or reasoning conducted or evaluated by strict validity principles; the study of correct reasoning or good arguments | |
nuclear | adj: of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy | |
magnetic | adj: having the properties of attracting or repelling certain materials containing iron or steel | |
resonance | n: a deep, full, or reverberating sound or tone; a quality or feeling of a particular emotional or mental vibration or significance; a mutual or sympathetic connection or correspondence between two things | |
spectroscope | n: an optical instrument used for spectrographic analysis (= measurement of properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum) | |
choreograph | v: to compose a sequence of dance steps, often to music | |
professional | adj: having or showing the skill appropriate to a particular job; competent or skillful | |
medical | adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine | |
poster | n: a large sheet or picture that is placed either on a public space to promote or announce something or on a wall to decorate it | |
dedicate | v: to give all of your energy, time, etc., entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause; to set apart for a particular purpose or use | |
statue | n: a sculpture of a person or animal, typically made of stone or metal, that is intended to represent the subject in a lifelike or symbolic way | |
certificate | n: an official document stating that the information contained within is true | |
stud | n: a small object with a head on one end and a sharp point on the other, used for fastening clothing, leather, or other materials; an animal used for breeding, typically a male horse or bull that is of superior breeding stock; (verb) to decorate or adorn with studs; to provide with studs for support | |
improve | v: to make or become better | |
mathematics | n: the science dealing with the logic of quantities, shapes, spaces, and arrangement | |
represent | v: to speak, act, or be present on behalf of another person or group; to form or constitute | |
conceive | v: to have or develop an idea, a plan, etc. in mind; to become pregnant | |
launch | v: to send or propel something into the air or space using a device such as a rocket, missile, or spacecraft; to make something available or on sale for the first time | |
shuttle | n: a vehicle or boat that regularly moves between two places; bobbin that passes the weft thread between the warp threads | |
imaginary | adj: existing only in someone’s mind | |
analyze | v: to think about in-depth and evaluate to discover essential features or meaning | |
carve | v: to create something by cutting wood or stone; to turn sharply | |
ingenuity | n: the quality of inventing things or solving problems in clever new ways | |
manifestation | n: a visible or tangible form of something, especially a particular sign of a disease or condition | |
incarnation | n: the embodiment of a concept or idea in a physical form; a person or thing that personifies something | |
avatar | n: (the concept in Hinduism) a god appearing in human or superhuman or animal form; a graphical representation of a user or the user’s character or persona in online games, chat rooms, etc. | |
intuitive | adj: obtained through feelings rather than facts or proof | |
leap | v: to jump or spring into the air, often with the feet leaving the ground or a surface below; to move quickly or suddenly, often forward or upward | |
afterward | adv: after the time mentioned | |
mysterious | adj: difficult to understand, explain, or identify; having an aura of secrecy, intrigue, or puzzlement | |
jubilation | n: a deep feeling or expression of great joy, triumph, or celebration, often accompanied by exuberant excitement, happiness, and revelry | |
movement | n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively | |
construct | v: to build or create something; to assemble or combine different parts to form something whole | |
deconstruct | v: to break something down into its separate parts to interpret or analyze it; to interpret or analyze a text, an artwork, etc. to show that there is no fixed meaning | |
atomic | adj: of or relating to atom (= the smallest component of an element) | |
physics | n: the science of matter and energy and their interactions | |
literally | adv: in the real or original meaning of a word or phrase; in a literal sense or way; not figuratively | |
atom | n: the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element, composed of a nucleus and one or more electrons bound to the nucleus | |
sculpture | n: the art of creating three-dimensional objects or forms, typically by carving, modeling, or casting in a variety of materials such as stone, wood, metal, or clay | |
sculptor | n: an artist who creates sculptures, three-dimensional objects, or forms | |
biotechnology | n: the application of technological processes and methods to biological systems to develop new products or techniques, such as genetically modified organisms or biopharmaceuticals | |
orchestra | n: a large group of musicians who play classical music together, usually with instruments such as strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion | |
arrange | v: to plan, prepare for, and carry out something | |
technique | n: a particular way or art of doing something that needs skill | |
continuum | n: a series of similar items in which no part or portion is distinct or distinguishable from adjacent parts | |
quantum | n: the smallest amount or unit of something, especially (electromagnetic) energy | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
harmonic | adj: relating to the production of sound waves with a frequency that is an integral multiple of the frequency of the original wave; having a pleasing, pleasing, or agreeable sound. | |
superstring | n: a hypothetical one-dimensional string-like fundamental particle or entity posited by certain theoretical models in physics, such as string theory, theorized to be the building blocks of the universe at the smallest scales | |
humming | adj: producing a continuous, low, vibrating sound like that of the bee | |
universe | n: everything that exists, especially all physical matter, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy | |
influence | n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself | |
internal | adj: of or relating to the inside of something | |
external | adj: belonging to or situated outside of someone or something | |
rely | v: to require a specific thing or the assistance and support of someone or something to continue, run properly, or succeed. | |
individual | n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group | |
manifest | v: to show something such as feeling, attitude, quality, etc. clearly through signs or actions | |
desire | n: a strong feeling of wanting to have or do something | |
peculiar | adj: odd and uncommon, sometimes in an unpleasant way | |
universal | adj: existing or affecting everywhere or everyone | |
numerical | adj: relating to, expressed, or denoted by a number | |
clay | n: a natural, earthy material that is made up of very small particles of minerals and can be molded when wet and then fired to produce ceramics | |
brain | n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling | |
accuse | v: to charge or criticize someone with a crime or wrongdoing | |
disagree | v: to have or express a different opinion, idea, etc. | |
relation | n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another | |
elevate | v: to raise something from a lower to a higher position; to give a promotion to or assign to a higher position | |
concrete | adj: existing in a physical or material form rather than an abstract one; based on facts rather than ideas or guesses; made of or covered with cement | |
disconnect | v: to unfasten or disjoin something, especially to break the connection between a supply of gas, water, or electricity and a piece of equipment | |
foolish | adj: lacking good sense or judgment; displaying a lack of wisdom or intelligence | |
realistic | adj: having or showing a sensible and practical idea that is possible to achieve | |
idealist | n: a person who is guided by ideals or principles rather than practical considerations or reality; a person who seeks to achieve a particular vision or goal for the betterment of society or humanity | |
molecular | adj: of or relating to molecules (= a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds) | |
biology | n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things | |
distinguish | v: to notice or understand the difference between two people or things | |
chastity | n: the state or practice of refraining from sexual activity, particularly outside of marriage; moral and sexual purity or modesty | |
impotent | adj: lacking power or ability to change things or to influence a situation | |
equation | n: the act of regarding as equal; (mathematics) a statement that expresses the equality of two expressions by connecting them with the equals sign | |
outcome | n: the result or effect of an action, event, etc. | |
religion | n: a deep conviction in a supernatural power that controls human destiny | |
labor | n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal | |
mineral | n: a solid inorganic substance occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition | |
vision | n: the ability to think about or see the future with imagination and intelligence; the faculty of being able to see | |
aspiration | n: a strong desire to achieve something; the action or process of drawing breath | |
hop | v: to jump lightly and quickly on one foot or both feet; to move rapidly from one place to another; to travel using an aircraft, bus, etc. | |
struggle | v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction | |
craftsman | n: a skilled worker who creates handmade objects, especially one who works with wood, metal, or other materials | |
regardless | adv: not paying attention or considering something or someone even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties | |
shed | v: to get rid of something as superfluous or unwanted; to cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers; (noun) an outbuilding with a single story, mainly used for shelter or storage | |
government | n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state | |
bunch | n: a grouping of several similar things which are growing or fastened together | |
theologian | n: an expert or student who studies theology | |
financier | n: a person or organization that deals with or manages large sums of money, particularly for investment or financial trading purposes | |
emerge | v: to move out of or away from something and become visible | |
parallel | adj: being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting; of or relating to the simultaneous performance of multiple operations | |
circumstance | n: the specific conditions or events that surround a particular situation or occurrence | |
competition | n: a situation in which someone is attempting to beat or outperform another | |
fascist | adj: relating to or supporting fascism, which is a political ideology that emphasizes authoritarian government, nationalism, and suppression of political opposition and individual liberties | |
communist | adj: relating to or supporting the political ideology of communism (= a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership) | |
military | adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare | |
platform | n: the raised flat space close to the track at a train station where passengers get on or off the train; (technology) a computational or digital environment in which a piece of software is executed | |
infrastructure | n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies | |
obsolete | adj: no longer in use or helpful because something newer or better has been invented and introduced | |
communal | adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use | |
laboratory | n: a workplace for doing scientific research or teaching science; a lab | |
disseminate | v: to spread or distribute widely, especially information or ideas; to scatter or disperse | |
mundane | adj: very ordinary and therefore lacking interest or excitement | |
inane | adj: lacking significance, meaning, or substance; silly or frivolous in nature; lacking intelligence or understanding | |
pseudoscience | n: a belief or practice that is presented as scientific but lacks supporting evidence or is contradicted by scientific evidence; a system of beliefs or practices that is not based on scientific principles | |
crop | n: a plant that is cultivated in large amounts, particularly for food | |
alien | n: a person who comes from a different country, race, or group; a form of life assumed to exist outside the Earth or its atmosphere | |
autopsy | n: a medical examination performed on a dead body to determine the cause of death or identify any underlying medical conditions or injuries; a postmortem examination or necropsy (in animals) | |
haunted | adj: inhabited, visited, or frequented by ghosts or spirits; disturbed or troubled by persistent or disturbing memories or emotions | |
disaster | n: an unexpected event or series of events that cause widespread damage, destruction, or loss of life | |
operate | v: to work in a particular way; to supervise something | |
democracy | n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so | |
determinant | n: a factor, circumstance, or condition that contributes to the shaping, influencing, or determining of a particular outcome or result | |
corporate | adj: of or relating to a large company | |
mentality | n: the characteristic way of thinking or mindset of an individual or group; the mental attitude or outlook that influences behavior, choices, and opinions | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
lab | n: a workplace for the conduct of scientific research; a laboratory | |
acid | n: sour; water-soluble chemicals with a sour flavor; any of a variety of generally liquid compounds capable of reacting with and occasionally dissolving other materials | |
corporation | n: a large company or group of companies that are controlled together by law as a single unit | |
recognize | v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered | |
responsible | adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management | |
importance | n: the quality of being important and worthy of note | |
vitality | n: the state of being strong and active; energy | |
intellect | n: the ability to think logically and comprehend information, especially at an advanced level | |
ballet | n: a type of performance dance that tells a dramatic story or expresses an idea with music but no talking or singing | |
spur | n: a thing that encourages someone to do something; any sharply pointed projection; (verb) to incite or stimulate someone or something | |
disappear | v: to cease to exist or be visible | |
rewrite | v: to write something such as a book or speech again in a different way, usually to improve it or add new information | |
stadium | n: a large, usually roofless building with tiers of seats for spectators at sports or other events | |
gut | n: the long tube in the body of a person or animal through which food passes when it leaves the stomach; the mental strength or bravery required to do something difficult or unpleasant | |
observant | adj: paying careful attention to details and surroundings; quick to notice things and circumstances; mindful of social norms and customs | |
tremendous | adj: very great in degree or extent or amount or impact; extremely good | |
faith | n: complete trust in something or someone’s ability or knowledge; a strong belief in religion, divine power, etc. | |
suppose | v: to think that something is likely to be actual or possible | |
patient | n: a person who is receiving medical treatment, care, or attention from a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, nurse, or therapist; a personal quality or characteristic | |
quest | n: a long or challenging search for something | |
divorce | n: the legal dissolution of a marriage | |
physician | n: a medical doctor who practices medicine | |
measurement | n: the act or process of finding something’s size, quantity, or degree | |
emotion | n: a strong feeling such as love, anger, etc. deriving from one’s situation, mood, or relationships with others | |
crazy | adj: stupid or not sensible; very angry | |
rage | n: a strong feeling of anger or violence | |
engaging | adj: attracting, pleasant, or charming | |
bolster | v: to support or strengthen, often by adding extra assistance or resources | |
awareness | n: the fact or state of knowing something exists and is important | |
organism | n: a tiny living thing | |
possibility | n: a chance that something may happen or be true | |
instrument | n: an object used to make musical sounds, such as a piano, guitar, or drum; a tool or device used for a specific activity, particularly in specialist or scientific work | |
entrepreneur | n: an individual who creates or invests in one or more businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks | |
profit | n: money that is earned in business or by selling things after deducting the costs involved | |
academician | n: a person who is a member of an academy, especially in the arts or sciences; a person who is an expert in a particular field of study or knowledge | |
judge | n: a person who makes decisions in a court of law; (verb) to determine the result of or form a critical opinion of something | |
balance | n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away | |
cynical | adj: believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity | |
attractive | adj: immensely appealing in look or sound; having characteristics or qualities that make something appealing and valuable | |
amuse | v: to entertain or divert the mind; to make someone laugh | |
doe | n: a mature female of mammals of which the male is called a buck, such as a deer or a rabbit |