Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (207 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (67 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
violent | adj: involving or caused by physical force or aggression against someone or something | |
epidemiology | n: the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events, including diseases, in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems | |
criminology | n: the scientific study of crime, criminals, and the criminal justice system encompassing a wide range of disciplines, including sociology, psychology, law, and statistics, among others | |
fragile | adj: delicate or easily broken or damaged | |
rip | v: to tear something or be torn violently or suddenly | |
conflict | n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals | |
insidious | adj: tending to entrap or beguile unawares; working or spreading in a hidden and usually harmful way | |
combination | n: a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities | |
smuggle | v: to import or export something or someone without paying appropriate customs duties, often illegally | |
warlord | n: a military leader who has gained control over a region or territory, typically through force or intimidation; a commander of an army or group of soldiers who operates outside the control of a legitimate government | |
cadaver | n: a dead body, especially one used for scientific study or medical research | |
guinea | n: a former British gold coin worth 21 shillings or a unit of currency used in some West African countries; (Guinea) a republic in western Africa on the Atlantic | |
planet | n: any of the nine large celestial bodies that circle in the solar system; any celestial body that revolves around a star | |
spinning | n: the act of rotating rapidly around an axis; in the context of textiles, the process of twisting fibers together to form thread or yarn | |
instability | n: the state of being unstable or uncertain and likely to change suddenly | |
norm | n: something that is regarded as usual, typical, or standard | |
geography | n: a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of the Earth | |
nation | n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture | |
grip | n: the act of holding onto something firmly with your hands, or the ability to do so; (verb) to hold fast or firmly | |
migrate | v: to move from one country or region to another and settle there; to move from one place to another periodically or seasonally | |
metropole | n: the main hub or central city of a country or region; the principal city or urban center of a metropolitan area or a colony | |
countryside | n: rural areas or regions outside of cities and urban centers often characterized by open fields, farmland, forests, and countryside scenery | |
megacity | n: a huge city, especially with a population of more than 10 million people | |
conversation | n: an informal talk between two or more people to exchange their views, ideas, information, etc. | |
dominate | v: to have or control a lot of power and influence over somebody or something | |
historic | adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so | |
enthusiast | n: a person having a strong liking for something | |
triumph | n: a great victory or achievement | |
creative | adj: relating to or involving the use of skill and original and unusual ideas to create something | |
accelerate | v: to make something faster or earlier; to cause to develop or progress more quickly | |
infrastructure | n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies | |
stretch | v: to make or be capable of making anything longer or broader without hurting or breaking | |
governance | n: the act or process of governing or managing a political, social, or economic entity; the systems or principles that guide such processes | |
aspiration | n: a strong desire to achieve something; the action or process of drawing breath | |
diplomat | n: a person appointed by a government to conduct diplomacy (= the management of relationships between countries) with one or more other countries or international organizations | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
specialize | v: to become an expert in a specific career field, study, or business | |
define | v: to state or explain precisely the nature, scope, or meaning of something | |
disorder | n: an untidy state or a lack of organization; a physical condition or illness that causes problems with how a section of the body or brain functions | |
warfare | n: the use of military force to achieve political, economic, or social objectives | |
humanitarian | adj: something relating to the promotion of human welfare or someone who works to promote human welfare | |
concentration | n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else. | |
eradicate | v: to get rid of or destroy something completely, especially something bad | |
poverty | n: the condition of being extremely poor | |
universal | adj: existing or affecting everywhere or everyone | |
healthcare | n: the organized activity or business of preserving mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health profession | |
climate | n: the weather in a particular location averaged over some long period | |
shanty | n: a small, crudely built, usually temporary house or dwelling; often used to describe a rough or inexpensive structure | |
slum | n: a heavily populated urban area characterized by poor, run-down housing and infrastructure, often associated with poverty and social neglect | |
favela | n: a Brazilian shantytown or slum, typically located on the outskirts of a major city, characterized by poverty, overcrowding, and lack of basic services such as sanitation and security | |
fragility | n: the quality of being easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; the state of being delicate or vulnerable | |
lethal | adj: causing or capable of causing death; extremely dangerous | |
peaceful | adj: not involving violence, conflict, or war | |
intensify | v: to increase or make something increase in extent or strength | |
frequency | n: an ordered array of colors into which a light beam can be split | |
ghastly | adj: causing great horror or fear; shockingly unpleasant or bad | |
horrific | adj: causing horror or disgust; gruesome and terrifying | |
represent | v: to speak, act, or be present on behalf of another person or group; to form or constitute | |
relative | adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else | |
blip | n: a sudden and small, and typically temporary, change or deviation from a general trend | |
upward | adv: toward the top or highest point, or a higher position or level; (adjective) extending or moving toward a higher place | |
secular | adj: not connected with religious or spiritual matters; worldly | |
decline | v: to become gradually smaller, fewer, worse, etc.; to refuse to accept | |
dramatic | adj: very sudden, very excellent, or full of action and excitement | |
reduction | n: a decrease in size, amount, or degree | |
homicide | n: the act or instance of killing another person; murder, manslaughter, or other unlawful violent killings | |
incredible | adj: unbelievable; enormous | |
murder | n: the crime of killing somebody intentionally | |
extraordinary | adj: exceptional, unexpected, very unusual; surpassing the ordinary or usual | |
unheralded | adj: not previously announced, recognized, or celebrated; not receiving any publicity or acclaim; not given advance notice or warning | |
accomplishment | n: the successful completion of a task or goal; an ability that has been acquired by training | |
excite | v: to make someone feel suddenly enthusiastic or eager | |
scourge | n: a person or thing that causes great suffering or destruction; (verb) to punish someone severely | |
zone | n: a specific area, region, or section that is marked off or defined in some way | |
reconfigure | v: to change the configuration or arrangement of something, often to improve its performance or functionality | |
topography | n: the arrangement and physical features of a particular area or region, including its natural and artificial elements and their relative positions and elevations; the study or description of this arrangement and these features | |
AI | n: (abbreviation for artificial intelligence) the theory and development of computer systems capable of doing activities that would ordinarily need human intelligence, such as object recognition, speech recognition, decision-making, and language translation | |
spike | n: a narrow, thin, pointed piece of metal, wood, etc.; a sudden large increase in the magnitude or concentration of something | |
dominance | n: the state or quality of being the most powerful or influential person or group | |
primary | adj: first or highest in rank, order, or importance; most fundamental or essential; pertaining to the initial or introductory stage of something, such as a school year or election cycle | |
urban | adj: relating to or located in a town or city | |
demographic | n: a statistic characterizing that describes people or groups of people based on their age, sex, income, etc. | |
reverse | v: to change something’s direction, order, position, decision, etc., to the opposite one; (adjective) directed or moving toward the rear | |
virtually | adv: almost completely | |
expansion | n: the process of becoming larger or more extensive, or the result of this process | |
urbanization | n: the process of population growth and physical expansion of cities, often involving increased migration from rural areas and the development of urban infrastructure and culture | |
equitable | adj: fair and impartial; treating everyone fairly | |
vast | adj: enormous in size, number, amount, or quantity | |
demography | n: the study of the statistics of human populations, such as size, growth, density, distribution, and vital statistics | |
necessarily | adv: in an essential manner; in such a way as could not be otherwise | |
density | n: the quality of compactness of a substance | |
predict | v: to state beforehand that something will happen in the future, mainly based on knowledge or experience | |
metropolis | n: a large and densely populated city, typically the most important city or the capital of a country or region; a major center of commerce, culture, and activity | |
turbo | n: (short for “turbocharger”) a device or system that increases the power or performance of an engine or vehicle, typically by using compressed air or gas to increase combustion | |
hustle | v: to cause someone to move quickly by pushing them in a rough, aggressive way | |
bustle | v: to move or act energetically and noisily; (noun) a rapid active commotion | |
quarter | n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion | |
interval | n: a period between two events or times; a short break or pause | |
medium | adj: of a size, amount, or level that is average or intermediate; (noun) a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information | |
bulge | v: to protrude or extend outward | |
function | n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose | |
mortality | n: the quality or state of being subject to death | |
proportion | n: a part, share, or amount of something considered in comparative relation to a whole | |
wealth | n: a large amount of money, property, or other things that someone or an organization owns | |
alto | n: the second-highest vocal range in choral music, typically sung by the second-highest singers in a choir; a type of saxophone | |
steroid | n: any of several organic compounds that are produced in the body and have important physiological effects and affect the development and growth of sex organs | |
ditto | adv: used to indicate that the same thing mentioned previously is true again; in the same way; (noun) a symbol that means “the same as above” or “repeat,” often used in lists or tables to indicate that a previous item or value should be repeated | |
combine | v: to join or merge to form a single thing or group | |
unemployed | adj: not having a job, although able to work | |
propose | v: to make a proposal, declare a plan for something | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
correlate | v: to have a connection or relationship in which one thing affects or depends on another | |
relate | v: to establish a connection or association between two or more things; to narrate or tell about an event, experience, or relationship; to empathize or feel sympathy with someone or something | |
structure | n: the way of construction of something and the arrangement of its parts, or a complex thing constructed of many parts | |
unruly | adj: difficult or impossible to manage or control; disobedient; disorderly | |
cavort | v: to leap or dance about in a playful or lively manner; to engage in boisterous or unrestrained behavior | |
possibility | n: a chance that something may happen or be true | |
sprinkler | n: a device that sprays water over a large area used especially for watering crops or gardens or for firefighting | |
alcohol | n: a clear liquid that can make people drunk and is used in medicines, cleaning products, etc. | |
firework | n: a device that produces a colorful display of light and sound when it is ignited | |
implication | n: something that is inferred or indirectly stated; the act or fact of being involved in something | |
disconcert | v: to cause confusion, uncertainty, or embarrassment in someone; to make someone feel uneasy or uncertain | |
shave | v: to remove body hair with a razor; to cut the price of something | |
uneducated | adj: lacking knowledge or education | |
employ | v: to give somebody a job and pay them for it; to make use of | |
doom | n: death, destruction, or some other terrible situation that cannot be avoided | |
gloom | n: a state of darkness, sadness, or melancholy; a feeling of depression or lack of hope; a state of obscurity or uncertainty | |
hub | n: the central or main part of a particular place, activity, network, etc.; the central part of a car wheel, fan, propeller, etc., through which the shaft or axle passes | |
innovation | n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation | |
dynamism | n: the quality of being characterized by continuous change, activity, and progress; energy or forcefulness in movement or action | |
prosperity | n: the state of being successful and having the good fortune | |
excitement | n: a feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness | |
mention | v: to speak or write about something or someone briefly | |
digital | adj: processing or storing information as a succession of 1 and 0 to show that a signal is present or missing; relating to the use of computer technology, especially the internet | |
savvy | n: the condition of being aware of and able to deal with a situation effectively; (adjective) having knowledge and understanding of a particular subject or activity | |
technological | adj: based on scientific and industrial progress | |
divide | v: to separate or cause to separate into parts or groups | |
separate | v: to force, take, or pull apart; mark as different | |
shrink | v: to become smaller, or to make something smaller in size or amount | |
dual | adj: having two parts, aspects, or elements | |
enforcement | n: the act of ensuring that rules, regulations, or laws are obeyed or implemented; the act of applying force or pressure to compel compliance with rules or laws | |
anticipate | v: to expect or predict that something will happen; to tell in advance | |
criminal | n: a person who has committed a crime | |
scenario | n: a description of possible actions or events in the future; a written outline of a play, film, or literary work | |
individual | n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group | |
privacy | n: someone’s right to keep their personal matters and relationships not watched or interrupted by other people | |
innovate | v: to introduce new methods, ideas, or products | |
engaging | adj: attracting, pleasant, or charming | |
protest | n: a strong expression of disagreement, disapproval, or opposition | |
revolution | n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war; | |
gang | n: a group of people who organize and engage in criminal activity | |
colonize | v: to establish a colony in or on a specific place; to settle or occupy in large numbers | |
cyberspace | n: the electronic space where computer-mediated communication and interactions occur often used to refer to the internet or virtual reality environments | |
cartel | n: a group of businesses or organizations that join together to control the production and distribution of a particular product or service, often to limit competition and increase profits | |
hijack | v: to seize control of an airplane or other vehicle during an operation, especially with violence | |
recruit | v: to persuade someone to work for a company; to find new members for an organization, the armed forces, etc. | |
coerce | v: to force, pressure, or compel someone to do something against their will or better judgment; to use threatening or intimidating tactics to persuade someone to comply with one’s demands | |
intimidate | v: to make someone fearful or uneasy so that they will do something that you want them to do | |
virtual | adj: being actually such in almost every respect; existing in essence or effect though not in actual fact | |
sketch | n: a simple, quickly-made picture that does not have many details; a short descriptive summary of something | |
moving | adj: causing strong emotions or feelings, especially sadness or sympathy | |
dynamic | adj: having a lot of energy, ideas, and enthusiasm, and a strong personality; of or relating to dynamics (= the branch of physics and engineering concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies) | |
complexity | n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand | |
inequality | n: the unfairness of a society in which some people have more opportunity, money, etc. than others; (mathematics) relation between two values when they are different | |
impunity | n: exemption or freedom from punishment or harm; a state of being immune to negative consequences or legal accountability | |
stark | adj: empty, simple, or apparent; devoid of any qualifications | |
dilemma | n: a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more options, especially that are equally unfavorable ones | |
thrive | v: to grow vigorously; to make steady progress | |
stumble | v: to miss a step and fall or nearly fall; to walk unsteadily | |
backward | adv: at, to, or toward the direction or place that is behind or rear | |
twin | n: either of two children born at the same time from the same mother | |
kick-start | v: to start something by providing an initial burst of energy or enthusiasm | |
process | n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products | |
collaboration | n: the act or situation of working together to create or produce something | |
collaborate | v: to work with someone else to produce or achieve something | |
incubate | v: to keep warm and protected, especially to hatch eggs; to develop and nurture | |
cease | v: to stop an action or event | |
truce | n: a cessation or suspension of hostilities between warring parties, usually for a specified period, as a treaty, armistice, or other agreement | |
spot | n: a particular location or place; a small round or roundish area, differing in color or feels from the surface around it | |
locate | v: to specify or determine the exact position of someone or something | |
fundamental | adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected | |
reform | n: the act of improving or correcting something that is wrong or bad; a change made to correct a flaw or problem | |
tragic | adj: causing great sadness or suffering; very unfortunate | |
valor | n: courage or bravery, especially in the face of danger or adversity; heroic qualities or actions | |
stigmatize | v: to accuse, condemn, or openly or formally consider somebody or something as not deserving respect | |
involve | v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else | |
recreation | n: the activity that renews your health and spirits by enjoyment and relaxation; the act or process of making something that existed in the past exists or seems to exist again in a different time or place | |
communal | adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use | |
inclusive | adj: including much or everything, and especially including stated limits; not excluding any of the people, things, ideas, etc. involved in something | |
livable | adj: capable of being lived in comfortably and sustainably; suitable for human habitation | |
cohesion | n: the act or state of keeping or sticking together | |
mobility | n: the ability to move or be moved freely or easily from one place, job, or social class to another | |
segregation | n: the act or process of separating or isolating people, things, or groups based on race, gender, religion, social class, or other characteristics; a political or social system that enforces such separation or isolation | |
exclusion | n: the act of keeping someone or something out or preventing them from participating in or being part of something | |
deliberately | adv: done in an intentional or slow and careful manner | |
invest | v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result | |
integrate | v: to combine one thing with another so that they form a whole or work together; to accept equal participation for members of all races and ethnic groups | |
cable | n: a set of wires covered by plastic or rubber that carries electricity, phone signals, etc.; a solid thick rope made of twisted hemp or steel wire | |
transport | n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on | |
enormous | adj: extremely large or great | |
peril | n: serious and great danger or risk | |
analytics | n: the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics; information resulting from this analysis | |
crowdsourcing | n: the practice of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by enlisting the services of a large number of people, either paid or unpaid, typically via the internet | |
inevitable | adj: certain to happen and unavoidable | |
folk | n: people in general, especially those of a particular group or type | |
opportune | adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose | |
lifetime | n: the duration of someone’s life or something’s existence; |