Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (201 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (43 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
fiction	n: the type of book or story, especially novels, that describes imaginary events and people; anything made up or imagined that is not true
sci-fi	n: (informal for science fiction) a genre of speculative fiction typically deals with space travel, life on other planets, time travel, etc.
thrill	n: a feeling of extreme and sudden excitement and pleasure; to cause someone to feel sudden intense sensation or emotion
autonomous	adj: capable of governing or controlling its affairs
drone	n: a low continuous humming noise; someone who takes more time than necessary; a pilot-less aerial vehicle that is operated by remote control
refer	v: to direct someone’s attention, thoughts, or questions to another source or person; to mention, cite, or allude to something as evidence or support
predator	n: an animal whose natural behavior is to prey on others
reaper	n: a person or machine that harvests crops; death personified as a figure in art or literature
decision	n: the act or process of making up someone’s mind about something; a choice or judgment reached after considering options
robotic	adj: of or relating to mechanical robots; (robotics) the interdisciplinary branch of computer science and engineering with the practical use of robots
lethal	adj: causing or capable of causing death; extremely dangerous
autonomy	n: the right of an organization, country, or region to govern itself independently
automatic	adj: able to work or operate with little or no direct human control; independent of external control
snipe	v: to make a sly or spiteful remark, often in a concealed or indirect way; to target someone with an unfair or unwarranted attack or criticism
deploy	v: to move troops or weapons into a position or military action; to bring into something in an effective way
automatically	adv: without needing a direct human control
identify	v: to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are
distance	n: the amount of space between two points, measured in units such as miles, meters, or kilometers; the extent, scope, or range between two things, such as distance or emotional distance
loop	n: a shape like a curve or a circle made by something long and thin, such as a piece of string, that bends round and crosses itself
technological	adj: based on scientific and industrial progress
requirement	n: something that is needed or wanted
migrate	v: to move from one country or region to another and settle there; to move from one place to another periodically or seasonally
decision-maker	n: a person who makes important decisions, especially at a high level in an organization
software	n: a set of computer programs and associated documentation and data for doing particular computational jobs
landscape	n: an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view; a large area of land, especially in the country and relating to its appearance
entirely	adv: completely
battlefield	n: a place where a battle or conflict is fought
resolve	v: to find a suitable answer to the problems or difficulty
conflict	n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals
state-of-the-art	adj: characterized by the use of the latest and most advanced technology or methods; cutting-edge
maintain	v: to continue to uphold or sustain; to keep in a particular state or condition; to assert or declare something to be true
dominate	v: to have or control a lot of power and influence over somebody or something
populace	n: the general public; the common people of a community or society; the population at large
distribute	v: to give something to a large number of individuals, or to spread or furnish something
feudal	adj: relating to a system of government in which a lord has certain rights and responsibilities to vassals in exchange for military service or other services that developed in Europe in the 8th century
innovation	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation
gunpowder	n: a mixture of substances, including sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter, that is used as a fuel or explosive
cannon	n: a large, heavy gun fired from a fixed position or mounted on a vehicle, used in warfare or hunting
castle	n: a large building, typically of the medieval period, fortified against attack with thick walls, battlements, towers, and often a moat
obsolete	adj: no longer in use or helpful because something newer or better has been invented and introduced
nation-state	n: a sovereign political entity that is composed of a nation, which is a group of people who share a common cultural, linguistic, or ethnic identity
defend	v: to protect someone or something from attack, criticism, danger, etc.
rely	v: to require a specific thing or the assistance and support of someone or something to continue, run properly, or succeed.
representative	n: someone who speaks or acts officially on behalf of another person or group of people
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
decentralize	v: to move the power, control, or authority of an organization, government, or system from a single place to several smaller ones
reverse	v: to change something’s direction, order, position, decision, etc., to the opposite one; (adjective) directed or moving toward the rear
trend	n: a general direction in which something is changing or developing
democracy	n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so
decisive	adj: making a clear and definite decision or choice; settling an issue
preserve	v: to keep or maintain a particular quality, feature, etc., especially to prevent it from decaying, being damaged, or being destroyed
institute	n: an organization that has a specific purpose, particularly one dealing with science, education, or a particular profession; (verb) to initiate, introduce, or establish something
adapt	v: to make fit for or change to suit a new purpose or environment
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
remotely	adv: at a distance; not directly or easily accessible
precursor	n: a person or thing that comes before another of the same kind and that contributes to or influences its growth
platform	n: the raised flat space close to the track at a train station where passengers get on or off the train; (technology) a computational or digital environment in which a piece of software is executed
deluge	n: a severe flood; an overwhelming number or amount of something
fleet	n: a group of military ships, aircraft, etc., operating together under the same ownership; (adjective) moving very fast
grand	adj: important and large in size, scope, or extent
surveillance	n: the act of carefully monitoring a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed or expected
analyze	v: to think about in-depth and evaluate to discover essential features or meaning
outstrip	v: to exceed or surpass a particular, measurable quality or attribute, such as speed, efficiency, or quality
drastic	adj: radical and extreme; likely to have a significant or far-reaching impact
pentagon	n: a flat geometric shape with five straight sides and five angles; a building in Washington, D.C., that houses the U.S. Department of Defense and is the headquarters of the U.S. military
gorgon	n: in Greek mythology, a female creature with snakes for hair whose gaze turned people to stone; something or someone that causes terror or fear
stare	v: to gaze or look fixedly and intently at someone or something, often in a questioning, curious, or suspicious manner; (noun) a fixed, intense, and prolonged gaze or look
independence	n: freedom from another’s or others’ control or influence
vast	adj: enormous in size, number, amount, or quantity
visual	adj: relating to seeing or sight
intelligence	n: the ability to learn, comprehend, or make judgments or conclusions based on reasons
scan	v: to examine something hastily, with the eyes or with a machine, to get information
incentive	n: something, such as a punishment, reward, etc., that encourages a person to do something
electromagnetic	adj: of or relating to the magnetism produced by electric charge in motion
jam	n: a situation in which something becomes stuck because of a dense crowd of people, vehicles, etc.; a preserve of crushed fruit
sever	v: to break or separate something by cutting, especially suddenly and forcibly
sentinel	n: a person or thing that stands guard or keeps watch; a soldier or guard who stands watch to provide security
confuse	v: to mistake one thing for another; to make somebody hard to understand
spoofing	n: an act of deceiving or tricking someone by pretending to be someone or something else; (of technology and cybersecurity) the practice of masquerading as another entity or person, often to gain unauthorized access or deceive others
susceptible	adj: easily influenced, harmed, or affected by something
react	v: to take action in response to something
circumstance	n: the specific conditions or events that surround a particular situation or occurrence
guidance	n: advice or instructions given to help direct someone’s behavior or decision-making
ignore	v: to intentionally not listen or pay attention to
external	adj: belonging to or situated outside of someone or something
plausible	adj: seeming reasonable or likely to be true, and therefore convincing
deny	v: to state that one refuses to admit the existence or truth of something
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
manufacture	v: to make goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines
continent	n: one of the earth’s large landmasses; (adjective) abstaining from your feelings, especially your desire to have sex
cyber	adj: relating to or involving computers, computer networks, or virtual reality
espionage	n: the practice of spying or gathering confidential information about a country or organization for political or military purposes; the act of obtaining secret or confidential information by means of spies or secret agents
spirit	n: the part of a person which is the seat of their mind, feelings, and character rather than their physical body; the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people
advance	v: to go or move forward; to develop in a positive way
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
contract	n: a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, setting out their rights and obligations to each other, typically in writing and enforceable by law
proliferate	v: to grow or increase rapidly in number; to reproduce or spread rapidly, especially in an uncontrolled manner
sift	v: to put flour, sugar, etc. through a sieve (= a utensil consisting of a wire or plastic mesh in a frame) to remove lumps or large particles
wreckage	n: the remains of something that has been destroyed, ruined, severely damaged, or crashed, usually referring to vehicles, buildings, or machinery
suicide	n: the act of killing yourself intentionally
possibility	n: a chance that something may happen or be true
anonymous	adj: having no known name, identity, or known source
tilt	v: to incline or bend from a vertical position; (noun) the act of inclining or the state of being inclined or leaning to one side
geopolitical	adj: of or relating to political activity or relations between countries and groups of countries, as influenced by the physical features of a country or area
balance	n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away
firepower	n: the ability or capacity of a military unit or weapon to deliver a high volume of fire; the destructive capacity of military weapons or equipment
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
offense	n: an illegal act; a feeling of anger caused by a perceived insult to or disregard for oneself; the action of attacking an enemy
military	adj: relating to or characteristic of members of the armed forces; of or relating to war or warfare
viable	adj: capable of being done as intended; able to succeed
criminal	n: a person who has committed a crime
enterprise	n: a business or company; a purposeful or industrious undertaking, especially one that requires effort
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
rival	n: a person, company, or thing competing with others for the same thing or in the same area
warlord	n: a military leader who has gained control over a region or territory, typically through force or intimidation; a commander of an army or group of soldiers who operates outside the control of a legitimate government
undermine	v: to make someone or something less powerful, less effective, weaker gradually; to make someone’s fame, confidence, or authority less effective or weaker gradually
responsible	adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management
transparency	n: the condition or quality of being easy to see through
cornerstone	n: a fundamental or essential element or component of something; a basis or foundation upon which something is built or developed
advantage	n: a condition or circumstance that puts one in a favorable or superior position; a beneficial feature or asset that someone or something has
vulnerable	adj: capable of being hurt or influenced physically or mentally
opposition	n: the act of disagreeing or resisting; the state of strong disagreement
locate	v: to specify or determine the exact position of someone or something
telecom	n: (a shortened form of telecommunications) the communication of information over long distances through various means such as phones, television, radio, and the internet
metadata	n: information that describes or provides contextual details about other data, such as the content, structure, format, or authorship of a document or file
transaction	n: an instance of buying or selling something; the act or process of doing something
transport	n: a system for moving people or products from one location to another using automobiles, roads, and so on
wealth	n: a large amount of money, property, or other things that someone or an organization owns
movement	n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively
interaction	n: the act of connecting with someone, mainly when working, playing, or spending time with them
visible	adj: capable of being seen; or open to easy view
suit	n: a set of clothes that are made from the same material; a claim or complaint that a person or organization can file in court against another party; (verb) to be fit or acceptable for
indicate	v: to show, point out, or make known something, often through a sign or a symbol; to suggest or imply something without stating it directly
trail	n: a path or track roughly through a countryside, mountain, or forest area, often made or used for a particular purpose; (verb) to lag or linger behind
modern	adj: of or belonging to the present time or recent times
typical	adj: having the usual characteristics or traits of a specific group of things
demographic	n: a statistic characterizing that describes people or groups of people based on their age, sex, income, etc.
dual	adj: having two parts, aspects, or elements
context	n: the circumstances, facts, or conditions that surround a particular event, situation, or statement and that give it meaning
highlight	v: to make something prominent, mainly so that people give it more attention
hub	n: the central or main part of a particular place, activity, network, etc.; the central part of a car wheel, fan, propeller, etc., through which the shaft or axle passes
communicate	v: to share or exchange information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals
brand	n: a type of product, service, etc., made by a particular company and sold under a specific name; identification mark on the skin of livestock, criminals, etc., made by burning
repress	v: to restrain or control by force; to suppress feelings or memories
eliminate	v: to remove or get rid of someone or something
disrupt	v: to prevent or stop something, especially an event, activity, or process, from continuing in the usual way by causing a problem or disturbance
cohesion	n: the act or state of keeping or sticking together
critic	n: someone who expresses opinions about the quality of books, music, etc.
distant	adj: far away in space, time, or where you are; far apart in relevance, relationship, or kinship
transnational	adj: relating to or involving activities, organizations, or individuals that cross national boundaries or operate in multiple countries; having a presence or influence in multiple countries or regions
agitate	v: to disturb or upset someone’s emotions, peace, or tranquility; to stir or shake something up, often to mix or dissolve it
detect	v: to find or recognize something, especially something difficult to see, hear, etc.
achieve	v: to successfully complete a task or goal, often through hard work, perseverance, and dedication; to attain or accomplish something that one has set out to do
mass	n: a large amount of a substance with no definite shape or form; a large number of people or things grouped or crowded together
compete	v: to strive to achieve more success than someone or something
chill	n: a feeling of coldness that makes one shiver; (verb) to make cool or cooler
treaty	n: a formal agreement or pact between two or more countries or other international entities
ban	v: to officially or legally forbid or refuse to allow something
nuclear	adj: of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of an atom; deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
imperfectly	adv: in a faulty or incomplete way
largely	adv: virtually entirely; to a large degree
corrosive	adj: having the ability to corrode or erode a material or substance; causing damage or deterioration over time; harmful or destructive
temporarily	adv: for a limited time only or not permanently
permanent	adj: lasting for a long time without essential change
framework	n: the structural components of a building or object that support its weight and give it form; the underlying structure of a system, concept, or text
devastating	adj: causing a great deal of destruction or damage
incident	n: an event or occurrence, often unexpected or unplanned; something that happens
adopt	v: to choose to follow something; to legally take a child from another family and care for them as if they were one’s own
consequence	n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual
concentration	n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else.
imperil	v: to put something or someone in danger or at risk; to threaten the safety or well-being of something or someone
unarmed	adj: without weapons or arms; not carrying any form of weapon or ammunition, or engaging in physical conflict with weapons
monitor	v: to observe, check, and track the progress or quality of something over a period of time
rescue	v: to save someone or something from a dangerous or difficult situation
illegal	adj: not allowed by law
privacy	n: someone’s right to keep their personal matters and relationships not watched or interrupted by other people
cryptography	n: the study of the techniques and methods used for secure communication and information processing, particularly using codes and ciphers
license	n: an official permission or authorization to do, use, or own something; a legal document that grants the holder the right to perform certain activities, such as driving a car, practicing a profession, or using a particular product or service
aircraft	n: any vehicle that can fly and carry things or passengers, such as a plane or helicopter
download	v: to transfer data or files from the Internet or computer network to a user’s computer or device; (noun) the process of transferring data or information from a remote or central computer to a local computer or device
app	n: (abbreviation for application) software designed to run on smartphones and other mobile devices or inside a web browser on a PC
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
civic	adj: of or relating to a town, city, or the people who live in it
rogue	n: a deceitful and unreliable person; a person who behaves badly
presence	n: the fact or state that someone or something exists, occurs, or is present
security	n: the state of being free from danger, risk, or harm; measures taken to protect against threats or attacks; a financial asset, such as a stock or bond that derives value exclusively from the ownership interest or claim to a particular underlying asset or obligation
snare	n: a trap or device used to catch animals by means of a noose or wire loop; a type of drum consisting of a head stretched over a hollow shell, usually played with drumsticks
drag	v: to pull or haul with force
bomb	n: a weapon that explodes and is used to kill or injure people or to cause damage to something
dispose	v: to put things or people in a particular manner or position; to incline someone towards a specific activity or mood; throw or cast away
facility	n: a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry
immune	adj: protected against a particular disease or toxin due to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells
avail	v: to help or benefit; to use or take advantage of
succumb	v: to fail to oppose something, such as desire, pressure, or some other opposing force; to die or suffer badly from the effect of a disease or injury
temptation	n: the desire to do or have something that you know you should not do or have; the act of influencing by exciting hope or desire
automated	adj: carried out by machines or computers to replace or decrease human labor
autocratic	adj: having absolute power and forcing people to obey completely without asking
undoubtedly	adv: without a doubt; certainly; definitely
unseen	adj: not seen or noticed; not perceived