Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (185 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (34 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
definition	n: a concise explanation of the meaning of a word, phrase, or symbol
plutocrat	n: a wealthy person who uses their wealth and power to influence government and society to their advantage
apologetic	adj: feeling or expressing regret, remorse, or sorrow for one’s actions; making an apology or expressing an excuse for something
capitalism	n: an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit
cofounder	n: one of several people who establishes an organization or starts a business
industrious	adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort
investor	n: someone who puts money or capital into something to gain financial returns
quantity	n: the amount or number of something; magnitude
unbelievable	adj: beyond belief or understanding and extremely surprising
broad	adj: very wide; general
perspective	n: a confident attitude toward something; a particular style of thinking about something
reward	n: a thing given in acknowledgment of service, hard work, achievement, etc.
obscene	adj: offensive, rude, or disgusting, usually because of being related to sex
yacht	n: a large, luxurious sailing vessel or motorboat that is often used for pleasure cruises, racing, or other leisure activities
mediocre	adj: of only average quality; not very good
consequence	n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual
spectacular	adj: striking or impressive to look at or in performance or achievement
circumstance	n: the specific conditions or events that surround a particular situation or occurrence
unusually	adv: in a way that is not typical or expected
tolerance	n: the willingness to accept or tolerate something, especially something that is different or unpleasant
intuition	n: the ability to understand or know something without reasoning or evidence; a feeling that guides a person to do or believe something without fully understanding why
essence	n: the basic or most important part or quality of something that makes it what it is
entrepreneurship	n: the process or skill of starting and running a business, particularly a new and innovative one
pitchfork	n: a long-handled farm tool with two or three prongs at the end, used for turning over hay or other agricultural materials
mob	n: a large and disorderly crowd of people; a large horde of animals
avarice	n: an excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or material gain; greediness
fellow	adj: someone who has the same job or interests as you, or is in the same class, profession, or situation as you
nation	n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture
trend	n: a general direction in which something is changing or developing
inequality	n: the unfairness of a society in which some people have more opportunity, money, etc. than others; (mathematics) relation between two values when they are different
function	n: the purpose or use of an object, system, or process; a particular activity or operation that is designed to serve a specific purpose; a mathematical concept that describes a relationship between two sets of values, called the input and output sets; (verb) to operate or work in a specific way, or to perform a particular task or purpose
democracy	n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so
historic	adj: famous or significant in history, or potentially so
wealth	n: a large amount of money, property, or other things that someone or an organization owns
concentration	n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else.
tippy	adj: tending to tip or tilt easily; slightly unsteady or inclined to lose balance, often used to describe objects or surfaces that are precarious or unstable
feudalism	n: a social and economic system that was prevalent in medieval Europe, in which the nobility controlled land and resources, and peasants or serfs worked the land in exchange for protection and a share of the produce; a hierarchical system characterized by a rigid social structure based on land ownership and loyalty
rentier	n: a person whose income is derived primarily or solely from the ownership or investment in property, land, or other assets; someone who earns money through rent or income from investments rather than through labor or work
revolution	n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war;
zillion	n: an extremely large, indefinite number; a hyperbolic term used in informal language to describe a large or exaggerated quantity
bubble	n: a thin, round, and often transparent mass of gas that is surrounded by a thin layer of liquid; a state of economic or social prosperity that is unsustainable and eventually collapses
glaring	adj: extremely noticeable or obvious, often in a way that is unpleasant or unpleasantly bright
economy	n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel
inequity	n: a lack of fairness or justice; an unfair or unequal situation or practice
sustain	v: to supply enough of what somebody or something needs to survive or exist; to accept as valid
unequal	adj: different in amount, size, degree, or value; not fair
uprising	n: a public rebellion, especially against an established government or authority
moral	adj: concerned with the principles of what is right and wrong, fairness, honesty, etc.
argument	n: a set of statements or reasons used to support or refute a proposition or theory; a verbal or physical fight or dispute
argue	v: to express differing opinions or points of view, often in a heated or contentious manner; to present a case or reasoning to persuade or convince others
ultimate	adj: furthest or highest in degree or order
defeat	v: to win against somebody in a fight, war, or attempt
ford	n: a shallow place in a river or stream where it is possible to walk or drive across
introduction	n: a preliminary explanation or remarks given before the start of a text, performance, or event; the act of bringing something new into existence or introducing something to a wider audience or new market
prevailing	adj: most frequent, widespread, or currently dominant, usually referring to a particular opinion, attitude, or trend
wage	n: a particular amount of money that somebody earns, usually every week or every month, for work or services
convert	v: to have a talk with someone; (adjective) reversed in order, relation, or action
exploit	v: to make full use of and gain an advantage from resources, opportunities, etc.
automobile	n: a road vehicle that has four wheels and is powered by an engine, used for transporting people or goods
thrive	v: to grow vigorously; to make steady progress
afford	v: to have enough money or time to be able to buy or do something
intuit	v: to understand or know something instinctively or without conscious reasoning; to perceive or apprehend something immediately or intuitively
ecosystem	n: all the plants and living creatures in an area and the way they affect each other and the environment
loop	n: a shape like a curve or a circle made by something long and thin, such as a piece of string, that bends round and crosses itself
hire	v: to give somebody a job
profit	n: money that is earned in business or by selling things after deducting the costs involved
virtue	n: high moral standards in behavior or attitudes
prosperity	n: the state of being successful and having the good fortune
precise	adj: sharply exact or accurate or delimited
recover	v: to return to a former condition, health, mind, or strength
trickle	v: to flow or drip slowly and in small amounts; to happen or occur gradually or in small quantities
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
dominate	v: to have or control a lot of power and influence over somebody or something
embrace	v: to accept something willingly and enthusiastically; (noun) the act of clasping another person in the arms as in greeting or affection
economics	n: the branch of social science that deals with the production, consumption, and transfer of goods and services
reject	v: to refuse to accept, consider, or use something or someone
neoclassical	adj: relating to a revival of classic forms, styles, or ideas, especially those of ancient Greek and Roman art and architecture, that emerged in the late 18th and early 19th centuries
efficient	adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials
linear	adj: of, relating to, or consisting of lines or length; able to be expressed as a straight line, especially on a graph
mechanism	n: a part of a machine, or a set of parts that performs a task; a natural or established process that occurs during a specific situation or reaction
equilibrium	n: a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced
complexity	n: the state or quality of being complicated or intricate and difficult to understand
adaptive	adj: capable of adjusting to new situations or changing conditions
efficiently	adv: in a way that produces maximum output with minimum effort or expense
allocate	v: to give or distribute something, such as resources or duties, to someone or something for a particular purpose
genius	n: someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality
evolutionary	adj: relating to or denoting how living things develop or change from earlier forms
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
degree	n: a unit of measurement for angles, temperature, or level of proficiency or achievement; a rank or level of academic or professional attainment
entrepreneur	n: an individual who creates or invests in one or more businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks
contribute	v: to give something, especially money or goods, to provide or achieve something together with other people
solver	n: a thinker who finds an answer to a problem or a difficult situation; a piece of software or the algorithm that solves a mathematical problem
diverse	adj: including numerous categories of individuals or entities; various
participate	v: to take part in something
consume	v: to spend something, especially fuel, energy, or time, in a large amount
maxim	n: a well-known phrase that expresses a general or fundamental truth, principle, or rule for behavior
accident	n: an unfortunate event, especially one causing damage or injury
invest	v: to put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or achieve a result
prosperous	adj: successful financially or materially; bringing success or good fortune
massive	adj: enormous amount; very heavy and solid
infrastructure	n: the basic systems, services, or features that are necessary for an organization or country, such as transport and power supplies
median	n: the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a set of values arranged in order of size
pants	n: an item of clothing that covers the lower part of the body and each leg separately, typically with a waistband and two legs
admire	v: to have regard for or respect for someone’s qualities or the actions they have performed
nick	n: a small cut, notch, or indentation in a surface or an edge
insane	adj: extremely stupid, crazy, or dangerous; mentally ill
proposal	n: a formal suggestion or offer, sometimes a written one
mayor	n: an elected official who presides over a city or town government
ordinance	n: a law or regulation enacted by a local government or governing authority; typically used about laws that concern public health, safety, or morals
employee	n: a person who is hired to work for a business or organization in exchange for wages or salary; a worker
taxpayer	n: a person who pays taxes to the government
relieve	v: to make something burdensome, unpleasant, or painful less severe
burden	n: a duty, responsibility, etc. that is oppressive or worrisome; a load, typically a heavy one that is difficult to carry
poverty	n: the condition of being extremely poor
medical	adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine
assist	v: to help someone in doing anything
compete	v: to strive to achieve more success than someone or something
orthodox	adj: following or conforming to the traditional, normal, or commonly accepted beliefs, ideas, or activities; of or relating to Judaism; of or relating to the Eastern Orthodox Church
reaction	n: a response that reveals a person’s feelings or attitude; (in chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
politician	n: a person who is a member of a government or law-making organization, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc.
echo	n: a sound heard after being reflected off a surface, such as a wall or a cliff
employ	v: to give somebody a job and pay them for it; to make use of
contravene	v: to go against or violate a law, rule, or principle; to act contrary to someone’s wishes or expectations
outsource	v: to contract out or transfer a job, task, or service to an external organization or party, often as a cost-saving measure
automated	adj: carried out by machines or computers to replace or decrease human labor
export	v: to send goods or services to another country for sale; to transfer electronic data out of a database or document in a format that other programs can use
risky	adj: involving the possibility of danger, failure, or loss
experiment	n: the scientific test conducted to observe what happens and gain new knowledge
disagree	v: to have or express a different opinion, idea, etc.
continuation	n: the act of carrying something on over time without interruption
crucial	adj: extremely vital or necessary
tip	n: the top or extreme point of something slender or tapering, usually a mountain or hill; a piece of advice about something practical; a small amount of money given for services
unemployed	adj: not having a job, although able to work
slide	v: to move or cause to move smoothly along a surface without interruption
boom	n: a sudden increase in economic activity, or a sudden happening that brings good fortune; a deep, loud, and prolonged sound
fundamental	adj: forming an essential base or core from which everything else develops or is affected
complicated	adj: involving a lot of different things or parts in a way that is difficult to understand or analyze
dynamics	n: the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of bodies under the action of forces, including the particular case in which a body remains at rest; forces that produce or stimulate movement, growth, or change
insist	v: to say something clearly or demand something forcefully, especially when other people disagree with or oppose what you say
skyrocket	v: to rapidly ascend to a very high level; increase rapidly;
collapse	v: to fall down or give way suddenly, often after breaking apart
insidious	adj: tending to entrap or beguile unawares; working or spreading in a hidden and usually harmful way
claim	v: to assert that something is true; to demand or request something as one’s own; to lay legal or moral right to something; (noun) a demand or assertion of a right or something that one believes to be true
oppose	v: to be against or in conflict with something or someone; to resist or to try to prevent something from happening
nonsense	n: an idea, behavior, or something spoken or written that has no meaning or makes no sense or that is silly or unacceptable
dispense	v: to distribute, allocate, or deliver something to the intended recipients
rhetoric	n: speech or writing intended to please or persuade someone; the art or study of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
barefoot	adj: without shoes or other foot coverings; wearing nothing on the feet
dirt	n: soil, dust, or any substance that makes a surface not clean; the part of the earth’s surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
acknowledge	v: to accept or admit the existence, reality, or truth of something; to accept that someone or something has a particular authority or quality; to express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for someone’s help, commitment, etc.;
alternative	n: one of two or more available possibilities or choice
shrink	v: to become smaller, or to make something smaller in size or amount
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
slash	v: to cut with a sharp object using a quick and robust movement
inclusive	adj: including much or everything, and especially including stated limits; not excluding any of the people, things, ideas, etc. involved in something
competitive	adj: involving competition or competitiveness
invention	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation; the act of inventing
multiply	v: to add a number to itself a specified number of times; to increase or cause to increase very much in number or quantity
inexorable	adj: describing a process or situation that is impossible to stop, prevent, or change; relentless, unyielding, or unstoppable in force or effect
maximum	adj: the largest or greatest amount or value attainable or attained
accumulate	v: to collect or acquire a large number of things over a long period of time
balance	n: a condition in which everything has the same weight or force; something left after other parts have been taken away
essential	adj: indispensable; fundamental
affordable	adj: not expensive and able to pay
healthcare	n: the organized activity or business of preserving mental and physical health by preventing or treating illness through services offered by the health profession
progressive	adj: relating to or supporting development or advancement, especially social or political one
indispensable	adj: so good or important that you could not be omitted or remitted; absolutely necessary
shrewd	adj: marked by sharp intelligence and keen awareness; having good judgment and practical know-how; characterized by a savvy or astute manner
economical	adj: providing a satisfactory return on the money, time, or effort; not using more money, fuel, etc. than necessary
enforce	v: to make sure that people obey a particular law, rule, or situation
encode	v: to convert information into a code or format suitable for storage or transmission
preference	n: a stronger liking or interest for something or someone than another thing or person
prejudice	n: a thought or feeling that is unfair and makes no sense, mainly when it is formed without enough thought or knowledge
persuasive	adj: tending to make you want to do or believe a particular thing; convincing
relative	adj: considered and evaluated through comparison with something else
balloon	n: a small bag made of thin rubber or other light material that can be inflated with air or gas, used as a toy or as a decoration; (verb) to become inflated
debt	n: something, especially money, goods, or services owed by one person to another; the state of owing something
bankrupt	adj: unable to pay one’s debts; having been reduced to a state of financial ruin; lacking in something essential or fundamental
divine	adj: of, from, or like a god; holy or sacred
transparent	adj: easy to perceive, detect, or understand; (of a material or article) permitting light to pass through freely
self-serving	adj: concerned primarily with one’s interests and needs rather than those of others; motivated by a desire for personal gain or advantage
commit	v: to do something illegal or wrong
dynamic	adj: having a lot of energy, ideas, and enthusiasm, and a strong personality; of or relating to dynamics (= the branch of physics and engineering concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies)
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use