Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (180 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (58 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
medicinal	adj: of or relating to the treatment or cure of disease
profoundly	adv: to a great or complete degree; deeply
summarize	v: to give a brief statement of the most important facts or ideas about something
disease	n: a disorder or illness that affects the body or mind, often characterized by specific symptoms or abnormal functioning of organs or systems
dominance	n: the state or quality of being the most powerful or influential person or group
antibiotic	n: a substance or drug that kills or slows down the growth of bacteria
revolution	n: a large-scale attempt to overthrow the government of a country, often using violence or war;
celebrate	v: to acknowledge a memorable or good day or event with a social gathering or enjoyable activity
introduction	n: a preliminary explanation or remarks given before the start of a text, performance, or event; the act of bringing something new into existence or introducing something to a wider audience or new market
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
transform	v: to change in outward structure or looks;
chemical	adj: relating to or connected with chemistry;
synthesize	v: to combine a substance to make a more complex product or compound
laboratory	n: a workplace for doing scientific research or teaching science; a lab
microbe	n: a tiny living thing that can only be seen with a microscope and that may cause disease
exquisite	adj: extremely beautiful and delicate
deft	adj: skillful or clever in one’s movements or actions; nimble or agile; demonstrating dexterity or expertness
specific	adj: clearly defined or particular to a certain thing or situation; distinct, explicit, and precise
lethal	adj: causing or capable of causing death; extremely dangerous
pneumonia	n: an infection or inflammation of the lungs, typically caused by bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms
syphilis	n: a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, characterized by multiple stages and a wide range of symptoms
tuberculosis	n: an infectious disease usually caused by tubercle bacteria that can attack many parts of a person’s body, especially their lungs
curable	adj: describing an illness or condition that can be treated or remedied to restore health; having the potential to be alleviated or resolved
penicillin	n: an antibiotic drug derived from mold and used to treat bacterial infections
seductive	adj: tempting or alluring attractively or persuasively; often used to describe a person, behavior, or idea that is intended to lure or entice someone into a specific action or belief
metaphor	n: a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not denote to suggest a similarity
sweep	v: to clean something, especially a floor or an area, by using a broom; move swiftly and smoothly
biology	n: the scientific study of life and the natural processes of living things
transformation	n: a complete change in form, nature, or appearance of someone or something
infectious	adj: able to be passed quickly from one person, animal, or plant to another, especially through air or water
chronic	adj: being long-lasting and recurrent or characterized by long suffering; habitual
diabetes	n: a medical condition in which the body cannot produce enough insulin to control the glucose levels in the blood
hypertension	n: a medical condition characterized by abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries, often leading to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems
universe	n: everything that exists, especially all physical matter, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy
reaction	n: a response that reveals a person’s feelings or attitude; (in chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others
fraction	n: a small part or item forming a piece of a whole; the quotient of two rational numbers
pharmacopoeia	n: a book or official publication that contains a list of medicinal drugs, their formulas, and directions for their preparation and use, which serves as a reference for healthcare professionals and regulatory bodies
chemistry	n: the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions
mechanism	n: a part of a machine, or a set of parts that performs a task; a natural or established process that occurs during a specific situation or reaction
physiology	n: the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms
vast	adj: enormous in size, number, amount, or quantity
interact	v: to communicate or react with somebody
nod	v: to lower and raise one’s head, sometimes several times, as to show approval, agreement, greeting, or confirmation
pharmaceutical	adj: relating to the production and selling of the medical drugs
pole	n: one of two antipodal points where the Earth’s axis of rotation intersects the Earth’s surface; a long, slender, rounded rod, typically of wood or metal, used as a support or to hang something
tinker	v: to make repairs, adjustments, or improvements to something, especially in an experimental or makeshift way
reorganize	v: to change to a more sufficient or suitable form of organization
hierarchy	n: a system in which people or things are organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest
upward	adv: toward the top or highest point, or a higher position or level; (adjective) extending or moving toward a higher place
downward	adj: moving towards a lower position or a lower level
regulate	v: to control something, especially by means of rules or laws
autonomous	adj: capable of governing or controlling its affairs
coalesce	v: to come together or merge into a single group, mass, or whole; to blend or combine elements or ideas into a unified whole
ultimate	adj: furthest or highest in degree or order
environment	n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live
scheme	n: an organized and often large-scale plan or arrangement for doing something
cancer	n: abnormal growth of cells that can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and organs; a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
desperately	adv: in a way that shows a lack of hope and a willingness to do anything because of the problematic situation; with great urgency
chemotherapy	n: the treatment of disease, particularly cancer, using special drugs that have a toxic effect on cancer cells; frequently used in conjunction with other therapies such as surgery and radiation
therapy	n: the act of caring for someone through medication, remedial training, etc.
leukemia	n: a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, in which abnormal white blood cells are produced and grow uncontrollably
breast	n: either of the two round soft parts of a woman’s chest which secrete milk after childbirth
eventually	adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on
ceiling	n: a room’s top interior surface
immune	adj: protected against a particular disease or toxin due to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells
vacuum	n: a space empty of matter; a device or tool used for cleaning or removing debris by creating suction
spectacular	adj: striking or impressive to look at or in performance or achievement
carcinogenic	adj: capable of causing cancer or promoting tumor growth; cancer-causing
depression	n: a mental condition in which a person feels very unhappy and without hope for the future; a severe recession in an economy or market
confinement	n: the act of confining or limiting movement, often by keeping someone in a specific place or within a specific area; a state of being physically or emotionally restricted or limited
roll	v: to move in a particular direction by turning over and over or from side to side
stimulant	n: a substance or drug that increases or heightens physiological or nervous system activity typically used to improve alertness, attention, or concentration
nicotine	n: a colorless, oily, poisonous chemical compound found in tobacco leaves, which is highly addictive and acts as a stimulant, affecting the nervous system
addictive	adj: causing a strong desire or compulsion to use or consume repeatedly, often to the point of dependency or harm; habit-forming
substance	n: the real physical material of which a thing or person consist; the most important or main part of some idea or experience; an illegal drug
attempt	n: an act or effort of trying to do something, especially something difficult
milieu	n: the social, cultural, or environmental setting in which a person lives or operates; surroundings or context
hormone	n: a chemical substance made by organs that encourages or influences the development, growth, sex, etc., of an animal and is carried around the body in the blood
instance	n: a particular example or single occurrence of something
metabolism	n: the set of chemical reactions in cells or organisms that are necessary for life-sustaining
molecule	n: a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds
nervous	adj: worried and anxious about something; relating to the nerves
serotonin	n: a neurotransmitter (= a chemical that carries nerve impulses) involved in, e.g., sleep, emotion, and memory
dopamine	n: a chemical substance produced by nerve cells as a neurotransmitter; as a drug, it is used to treat shock and hypotension
brain	n: the organ inside the head that is responsible for one’s movement, thought, memory, and feeling
rewire	v: to replace or repair the wiring of something, especially an electrical system; to make significant changes in one’s thoughts or behavior patterns
remodel	v: to change the structure or form of something
combine	v: to join or merge to form a single thing or group
immerse	v: to become fully involved in a particular activity; to dip or submerge in a liquid, especially so that they or it are entirely covered
elicit	v: to obtain information or a reaction from someone, usually with difficulty
chain	n: a series of connected links or objects; a system or group of interconnected elements; a restraint or shackle
stake	n: a share or financial investment in something such as a business; a wooden or metal post set up to mark something
degenerate	v: (of a person, animal, or plant) to become worse in health or physical condition
kidney	n: either of a pair of small organs in the body that filter waste products, especially urea, from the blood and excrete them and water in urine
osteoarthritis	n: a common form of arthritis that affects the joints, particularly the hands, hips, and knees, characterized by degeneration of the cartilage that cushions the bones and allows for smooth movements
reframe	v: to reinterpret, rephrase, or redefine an issue, situation, or question in a different way
perception	n: a belief, opinion, or image you have based on how you regard, understand, or interpret something; the ability to see, hear, or notice something through the senses
shift	n: a slight transition in position, direction, or trend
roost	n: a place where birds rest or sleep, typically on a branch or in a birdhouse or coop
swell	v: to become larger or more inflated; to become more intense or important
ominous	adj: giving the impression that something bad is going to happen; foreboding
crunch	n: a loud, crackling noise made by something being crushed or broken; a difficult or critical situation
perk	n: an advantage or something extra, such as money or goods, you receive as well as your wages for doing a particular job
physician	n: a medical doctor who practices medicine
essentially	adv: relating to the essential features or concepts of anything
meniscus	n: a thin, curved layer of liquid, especially the concave surface of a liquid in a container; a cartilage disc within a joint, especially a knee
cartilage	n: a tough, elastic connective tissue that is found in various parts of the body, such as the joints, the outer ear, and the tip of the nose
moderate	adj: being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme
severe	adj: extremely serious or bad in feeling, manner, or strict and harsh; extremely strong or vigorous
experiment	n: the scientific test conducted to observe what happens and gain new knowledge
ailment	n: a slight but often persistent illness
process	n: a series of actions or operations performed to achieve a particular outcome or goal; a systematic procedure or approach used to accomplish a specific task or objective; a method of treating milk to make it suitable for consumption or use in other dairy products
mechanical	adj: operated by a machine, relating to or concerned with machinery or tools
inject	v: to put a liquid such as a drug or other substance into a person’s or an animal’s body using a needle and syringe (= small tube)
reverse	v: to change something’s direction, order, position, decision, etc., to the opposite one; (adjective) directed or moving toward the rear
naught	n: a numerical value representing zero or no quantity; nothingness
upside	n: the positive aspect or potential of something; the upper side of something
stem	n: the central part of something from which other parts can develop or grow; the part of a word common to all its inflected variants; (verb) to grow out of, have roots in, or originate in
hypothesis	n: a proposed idea or explanation that is based on a few known facts but has not yet been proven to be true or accurate
skeletal	adj: of, relating to, or forming a skeleton (= frame of bones); very thin or emaciated
vertebrate	adj: relating to animals that have a backbone or spinal column, such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish
skeleton	n: the structure of bones in a human or animal body, or a framework of bones or other material that supports a plant
fiber	n: thread or filament used to make a vegetable tissue, mineral material, or textile
dysfunction	n: a problem or fault in a system, organism, or part of the body or machine
osteochondral	adj: pertaining to structures, conditions, or procedures that involve both bone (osteo-) and cartilage (-chondral)
arthritis	n: inflammation of one or more joints of the body, which include pain and stiffness
schematic	adj: relating to or in the form of a scheme or diagram; showing the structure or organization of something
photograph	n: a picture or image that is produced by a camera; a visual representation or record of a person, object, or scene that has been captured electronically or on film
column	n: one of the vertical blocks that split content on a page or screen from top to bottom; an upright pillar that often supports an arch, entablature, or other structure or stands alone as a monument
fascinating	adj: extremely interesting
underneath	adv: under or below something else
locate	v: to specify or determine the exact position of someone or something
appropriate	adj: suitable or proper in the circumstances; fitting
property	n: a thing or things that belong to someone
petri	n: (petri dish) a small, clear, and round dish with a lid used in laboratories, especially for growing bacteria
furl	v: to roll up, fold, or gather, such as a sail, flag, or umbrella, neatly and securely; to secure or make something compact by rolling or folding it
efficient	adj: performing at the highest level of productivity with the least wasted effort or resources; capable of achieving maximum output with minimum wasted effort, time, or materials
fracture	n: the breaking or cracking of a rigid material or object such as bone
encounter	v: to face something, particularly something unpleasant or difficult, while attempting to do something else; to meet, especially unexpectedly
heal	v: to make a wound or injury to become well again
label	n: a small piece of paper, fabric, or other material attached to an object and giving information about it; (verb) to assign to a category
fluorescent	adj: emitting or reflecting vibrant and vivid light, especially under ultraviolet light; describing a type of lamp or bulb that produces such light
dye	v: to color a textile or hair by immersing it in a colored liquid or substance
peculiar	adj: odd and uncommon, sometimes in an unpleasant way
cellular	adj: of or connected with the cells of animals or plants; of or connected with a mobile telephone system that uses several short-range radio stations instead of wires
glue	n: a sticky substance used for joining things together; a bonding agent made from animal or synthetic materials
decline	v: to become gradually smaller, fewer, worse, etc.; to refuse to accept
precipitously	adv: steeply or abruptly; quickly or suddenly, often referring to a dramatic change or decline
hundredfold	adj: a hundred times as great or as much
threefold	adj: three times as great or as many
hunt	v: to go after and try to catch wild animals to kill them for food, sport, or profit
hooked	adj: being caught or caught up in something; curved down like an eagle’s beak
implant	v: to insert or fix an artificial device in a person’s body; to put an idea, attitude, etc., firmly in the mind
trauma	n: an emotional wound or shock often has long-lasting effects caused by a highly upsetting or shocking experience
ascend	v: to go or move upward; to become king or queen; to inherit something, such as a power
unload	v: to remove contents of something from a vehicle, ship, container, etc.
recreate	v: to make something that existed previously happen or appear to exist again
malignant	adj: having an evil or harmful nature or effect; cancerous, tending to invade or spread rapidly
unleash	v: to suddenly release a strong force, emotion, etc. that cannot be controlled
suicide	n: the act of killing yourself intentionally
develop	v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created
individual	n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group
puzzling	adj: confusing or difficult to understand; mysterious
patent	n: a legal document that grants an inventor exclusive rights to their invention for a certain period of time; the invention or process for which a patent has been granted
shaman	n: a person who is regarded as having access to the spirit world and who typically acts as a healer or intermediary between spirits and humans in certain cultures and traditions
architect	n: a person whose job is to design plans to be used in making something, such as buildings
miniature	adj: being on a very small scale
latter	adj: situated nearer to the end of something than the beginning; recent
distort	v: to change something’s shape, appearance, or sound so that it appears weird or unclear
intangible	n: not having physical form or substance; difficult to touch or grasp
medical	adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine
specifically	adv: only associated with or meant for one thing
genome	n: the complete set or sequence of genes of a human, animal, plant, or other living things
context	n: the circumstances, facts, or conditions that surround a particular event, situation, or statement and that give it meaning
doe	n: a mature female of mammals of which the male is called a buck, such as a deer or a rabbit
dominant	adj: more important, influential, or easy to notice than anything else of the same type
immersion	n: the act of putting someone or something into a liquid completely; the state of being completely involved in a subject or activity
absolutely	adv: without restriction or limitation; completely or utterly
convert	v: to have a talk with someone; (adjective) reversed in order, relation, or action
incorporate	v: to include something as a part of a larger entity