Important (Read me first!)
This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.
We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.
Reference Source
You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?
All Words (170 Words)
You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.
Quick Look
Podcast
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Advanced Words (40 Words)
If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.
YouTube Post
Vocabulary Builder
Word List
You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.
Word | Meaning | Advanced |
---|---|---|
convene | v: to come or bring together a group of people for a meeting or activity | |
accident | n: an unfortunate event, especially one causing damage or injury | |
quitter | n: a person who gives up easily or does not have the determination to finish what they have started | |
abuse | n: the use of something in an incorrect or harmful manner | |
relation | n: the way two persons or groups of people feel and act toward one another | |
pause | v: to take a short break from talking or doing something before continuing | |
hypocrisy | n: the practice of engaging in the same behavior or activity for which one criticizes another or the practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one’s behavior does not conform | |
unwilling | adj: not ready or wanting to do something | |
government | n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state | |
engage | v: to attract and keep someone’s attention and interest; to participate in or obtain services of something | |
conflict | n: a strong disagreement, argument, or a violent clash between two opposing groups or individuals | |
tense | adj: unable to relax because of being nervous or worried; stretched tight or rigid | |
discuss | v: to talk about or examine in detail through conversation or debate; to exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic | |
innocent | adj: not guilty of a crime, offense, etc.; not having an evil mind or knowledge | |
constantly | adv: all the time | |
compromise | v: to settle a problem or disagreement by mutual concession | |
consensus | n: general agreement or accord in the judgment or opinion reached by a group as a whole | |
collaboration | n: the act or situation of working together to create or produce something | |
vision | n: the ability to think about or see the future with imagination and intelligence; the faculty of being able to see | |
thorough | adj: done completely; significantly careful and accurate | |
rot | v: to decay, or cause something to decay, naturally and gradually | |
vulnerable | adj: capable of being hurt or influenced physically or mentally | |
disempower | v: to deprive of power, authority, or influence, to make someone or something less powerful or effective | |
obligation | n: the state of being morally or legally bound to do or pay something | |
skeptical | adj: doubting that something is accurate or useful | |
argue | v: to express differing opinions or points of view, often in a heated or contentious manner; to present a case or reasoning to persuade or convince others | |
qualify | v: to reach the standard or fulfill the requirement of ability or knowledge needed to do a particular job or receive a particular benefit or privilege | |
mediator | n: a person who acts as an impartial third party to resolve a dispute or disagreement between two or more parties | |
ethics | n: a branch of philosophy that considers what is morally right and wrong conduct; a set of beliefs about what is morally right and wrong | |
downward | adj: moving towards a lower position or a lower level | |
argument | n: a set of statements or reasons used to support or refute a proposition or theory; a verbal or physical fight or dispute | |
environment | n: the natural world such as air, water, and land in which humans, animals, and plants live | |
schooler | n: a student who attends a school | |
statistics | n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data | |
branch | n: a division of a tree or woody shrub that grows out from the trunk or a main stem; a division of some larger or more complex organization | |
legislative | adj: having to do with the process of making laws; relating to or serving as a branch of government that makes laws, such as a legislative assembly or legislature | |
executive | n: a person or group of people with top-level management responsibility in a business or other organization; the branch that is responsible for implementing, administering, and enforcing laws, as well as running the day-to-day operations | |
judicial | adj: of or relating to a court, a judge, or legal judgment | |
principle | n: a fundamental law or truth that explains or controls how something happens or works | |
sacred | adj: connected with religion or religious purposes; worthy of respect or dedication because of a connection with a god | |
constitution | n: the set of fundamental principles or established precedents that a state, a country, or an organization is governed by; the act of forming or establishing something | |
separate | v: to force, take, or pull apart; mark as different | |
frame | n: a strong border or structure of the wood, metal, etc. that surrounds something such as a picture, door, or window | |
concentration | n: the ability to focus all your time and energy on one thing without thinking about anything else. | |
peril | n: serious and great danger or risk | |
influence | n: the ability to affect someone’s or something’s character, growth, or behavior, or the effect itself | |
judge | n: a person who makes decisions in a court of law; (verb) to determine the result of or form a critical opinion of something | |
determinant | n: a factor, circumstance, or condition that contributes to the shaping, influencing, or determining of a particular outcome or result | |
participate | v: to take part in something | |
collaborate | v: to work with someone else to produce or achieve something | |
scholar | n: professor; a person who studies a topic in considerable depth, particularly in a university | |
invitation | n: a spoken or written request to participate or be present or take part in something | |
struggle | v: to make a great effort to do something when it is difficult, or there are a lot of problems; to use force or violence to break away from restraint or constriction | |
recognize | v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered | |
importance | n: the quality of being important and worthy of note | |
sector | n: a distinct part or division of something often used to refer to a segment of an economy or industry; an area or field of work or activity | |
corporation | n: a large company or group of companies that are controlled together by law as a single unit | |
economy | n: the system by which a country or region produces manages, and distributes goods and services, including the money and finances involved in these activities; (of an airline) the lowest-priced, most basic option for seating in commercial travel | |
fare | n: the price paid for travel on a particular mode of transportation, such as a train, bus, or plane; the cost of admission or entrance to an event or location | |
collusion | n: secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy, especially for a deceitful or fraudulent purpose | |
competition | n: a situation in which someone is attempting to beat or outperform another | |
similarly | adv: in almost the same way | |
compete | v: to strive to achieve more success than someone or something | |
industrious | adj: hardworking, diligent, and persistent in effort | |
exacerbate | v: to make a situation, problem, or feeling worse | |
agency | n: an organization or business that is responsible for specific activities or services, especially when representing other organizations or businesses; the capacity or power to act or exert influence; the ability to make decisions and take action | |
decide | v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options | |
sanitation | n: the process of maintaining a clean and hygienic environment, particularly in public health and safety contexts; the practice of disposing of waste products in a safe and appropriate manner | |
rural | adj: of or relating to the countryside | |
nation | n: a large organized community of people living in a particular country or region and having a particular culture | |
multinational | adj: relating to or involving multiple countries or nationalities; having operations or business interests in multiple countries | |
soda | n: a carbonated soft drink containing a sweetened syrup or flavoring, often used interchangeably with “pop” or “soda pop” in different regions of the world | |
exchange | v: to give something and receive something else in return, often with the implication that the items being traded are of equal or comparable value; (noun) the act of giving or taking something in return for something else; a place or system where goods or services can be bought, sold, or traded | |
promote | v: to encourage or persuade people to like, buy, use, do, or support something; to raise someone to a higher position or rank | |
telethon | n: a televised fundraising event, typically lasting for several hours or even days, in which money is raised for a charitable cause or organization through donations and pledges made by viewers and participants | |
logo | n: a symbol or design that represents a company, organization, or product used on packaging, advertisements, and other materials | |
scheme | n: an organized and often large-scale plan or arrangement for doing something | |
arrangement | n: a plan or preparation for the future event; the action or process of placing things in a particular order | |
enhance | v: to increase or improve the quality, amount, or strength of someone or something | |
reputation | n: the general opinion that people have about someone or something, especially when this is based on their previous experiences or behaviors | |
brand | n: a type of product, service, etc., made by a particular company and sold under a specific name; identification mark on the skin of livestock, criminals, etc., made by burning | |
loyalty | n: the quality of being devoted or faithful to someone or something | |
profoundly | adv: to a great or complete degree; deeply | |
problematic | adj: full of difficulties; difficult to deal with or solve | |
develop | v: to grow or expand; to improve or refine through a process of progress and refinement, often to achieve greater sophistication or complexity; to elaborate or add detail to something that is in the process of being created | |
sustainable | adj: able to continue or be continued for a long time | |
consumption | n: the amount used or eaten; the act of using up a resource such as energy, food, or materials | |
beverage | n: a drink of any type | |
scarce | adj: not abundant or plentiful, and therefore not easy to find or obtain | |
grapple | v: to make a strenuous effort to solve a problem; to engage in a close fight or conflict without weapons | |
obesity | n: the condition of being significantly overweight, typically defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or greater. | |
sow | v: to plant seeds in the ground to grow crops or plants; to establish or set in motion | |
discovery | n: the act or process of finding information, a place, or an object, or learning about something that was previously not known | |
involve | v: to include or affect someone or something as a necessary part of something else | |
voluntary | adj: done of one’s own free will; without being forced or coerced | |
pledge | v: to make a formal promise to give or do something | |
partnership | n: the state of a cooperative relationship between people or groups, especially in business | |
paradigm | n: a standard or typical example of something; a pattern or model | |
threaten | v: to utter intentions of injury or punishment against someone | |
consonant | n: a speech sound that is produced by completely or partially blocking the airflow through the mouth; a letter or group of letters representing a consonant sound, for example, “b,” “c,” “d,” etc. | |
commerce | n: the activity of buying and selling things, especially on a large scale | |
individual | n: a single person or thing, as distinct from a group | |
decision-maker | n: a person who makes important decisions, especially at a high level in an organization | |
responsible | adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management | |
blame | v: to think or say that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad | |
naturally | adv: as might be expected; by natural manners | |
strategy | n: a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall goal. | |
conflate | v: to blend or fuse two or more things, often with the result of creating confusion or a loss of distinction between them; to mistakenly treat two separate entities as one | |
necessarily | adv: in an essential manner; in such a way as could not be otherwise | |
stave | n: a long, narrow piece of wood or similar material, often used as a structural element in construction or to make barrels, musical instruments, furniture, or other objects; (verb) to fend off, ward off or prevent something from happening | |
competitor | n: a person who participates in a sporting contest; a person or organization that competes with others, particularly in business | |
unhealthy | adj: not conducive to good health; detrimental to physical or mental well-being | |
violate | v: to break or disrupt a rule, law, or agreement; to intrude on someone’s privacy or rights | |
confound | v: to confuse or perplex; to mix up or throw into disorder; to prove to be false or illogical | |
high-profile | adj: attracting much attention and interest from the public and media | |
figurative | adj: using figures of speech, especially metaphors, to create a special effect; not literal | |
hydraulic | adj: relating to water or other liquids in motion or to the machinery or systems that use liquid pressure to perform work or operate mechanisms | |
fracture | n: the breaking or cracking of a rigid material or object such as bone | |
plot | n: a secret plan or scheme to achieve a specific goal; the plan or main story of a literary work; (verb) to plan secretly, usually something illegal | |
mineral | n: a solid inorganic substance occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition | |
frack | v: to inject water and chemicals into the ground at high pressure to fracture the rock and release the gas or oil, especially to extract them | |
boom | n: a sudden increase in economic activity, or a sudden happening that brings good fortune; a deep, loud, and prolonged sound | |
afterward | adv: after the time mentioned | |
plight | n: a difficult or unfortunate situation | |
complain | v: to say dissatisfaction or annoyance about something or somebody | |
headache | n: pain in the head; someone or something that causes anxiety or trouble | |
sore | adj: painful or sensitive to the touch; inflamed or irritated; feeling deep distress, grief, or regret | |
itch | v: to have an uncomfortable feeling on the skin that makes you want to scratch it | |
addition | n: the act or process of adding something to something else; the process of adding numbers | |
interference | n: the act or process of getting involved in and trying to influence a specific situation; the state of being affected and influenced with | |
vibration | n: a continuous quick and slight shaking movement | |
flare | v: to burn brightly with a sudden, intense burst of flame or light; (noun) a sudden and brief burst of bright flame or light; a sudden and intense burst of radiation from the Sun’s surface | |
criticism | n: the act of analyzing, evaluating, or judging something, especially literary or artistic work, to find fault with it or to offer suggestions for improvement; the expression of disapproval or censure | |
silent | adj: without any or little sound | |
settlement | n: an official agreement that brings an argument to a close; the process of establishing permanent residence in a place. | |
take-it-or-leave-it | adj: indicating that an offer or proposition is not negotiable and must be accepted or rejected entirely as is | |
consequence | n: the outcome of a particular action or event, especially relative to an individual | |
rev | n: a measure of the rate at which an engine or motor rotates, often expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM); (verb) to increase the number of rotations per minute | |
medical | adj: relating to the treatment of illness or injuries; relating to the practice of medicine | |
squeak | v: to make a high-pitched, short, sharp noise; to speak or say something in a high-pitched, weak, or timid voice | |
seal | v: to close or fasten an envelope, etc. securely; (noun) a large marine mammal that chiefly lives in cold regions and comes on shore to breed | |
epidemiology | n: the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events, including diseases, in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems | |
refrain | v: to avoid or stop doing something; to hold oneself back from an action | |
violation | n: an action that breaches a law, rule, or agreement; an infringement of rights or duties | |
pollution | n: the introduction of harmful substances or waste into the natural environment that causes adverse change | |
landowner | n: a person or entity that owns the land, typically for agricultural or commercial use; a title or status indicating ownership of land | |
settle | v: to reach an agreement of disagreement | |
expose | v: to show something by uncovering it; to make something accessible to some action or influence | |
hazard | n: something dangerous and likely to cause damage | |
isolate | v: to physically or socially separate someone or something from other people or things | |
systemic | adj: affecting or related to the whole of something, especially the human body or a society | |
counterexample | n: an example that contradicts or disproves a given hypothesis or generalization; evidence or an instance that renders an argument or statement invalid | |
sue | v: to claim a person or organization, especially by filing a legal claim for money or redress | |
pharmaceutical | adj: relating to the production and selling of the medical drugs | |
conceal | v: to prevent something from being seen, found, observed, or discovered | |
antidepressant | n: any of a class of drugs used to reduce feelings of sadness and worry | |
suicide | n: the act of killing yourself intentionally | |
adolescent | n: a young person who is in the process of developing from a child into an adult | |
exaggerate | v: to describe or represent something as better or worse than it is | |
purported | adj: claimed or alleged, usually without proof or confirmation; rumored or supposed; asserted but not verified or substantiated | |
legislator | n: a member of a group of people who has the power to make or enact laws | |
lobby | n: a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and wait; a group of people who try to persuade a politician, the government, or an official group to influence legislation | |
aisle | n: a passage between rows of seats in a theater, airplane, or other public building, typically one of two or more running parallel with the main body of the structure | |
beacon | n: a light or other visible object serving as a signal, guide, or warning | |
tussle | v: to fight or struggle in a confused way, especially to get something; (noun) a vigorous struggle or scuffle, typically to obtain or achieve something | |
inherent | adj: existing in something as a permanent, essential, or characteristic attribute | |
evil | adj: profoundly immoral, cruel, and wicked; having or exerting a harmful effect on people | |
undermine | v: to make someone or something less powerful, less effective, weaker gradually; to make someone’s fame, confidence, or authority less effective or weaker gradually | |
insist | v: to say something clearly or demand something forcefully, especially when other people disagree with or oppose what you say | |
essential | adj: indispensable; fundamental |