Important (Read me first!)

This post is a commentary and does not contain any copyrighted material of the reference source.

We strongly recommend accessing/buying the reference source at the same time.

Reference Source

You can understand each word more deeply by utilizing the following YouTube Posts and PDF files.
Also, see how to use Englist.me?

All Words (139 Words)

You can learn all the words from basic to advanced levels in the order they appear in the contents.
If you want learn all words quickly, you can use Quick Look Video.

Quick Look

Podcast

Advanced Words (30 Words)

If you are confident in your vocabulary, you may prefer to study with content that covers only advanced-level words.

Word List

You can quickly review the words in this content from the list below.

Word	Meaning	Advanced
hometown	n: the town or city where one was born or grew up
underdog	n: a person or group in a competition or situation that is expected to lose or be at a disadvantage; a person or group that is seen as less powerful or less favored than others in a social, political, or economic context
incumbent	n: a person who currently holds a particular position or job, especially in politics or public office; a duty or obligation that is required as part of a particular role or job
opponent	n: a person against whom you are playing or fighting in a game, competition, debate, etc.
classic	adj: judged or deserving to be regarded as one of the best or most important of its kind over a period of time; of a well-known type
playbook	n: a set of strategies or tactics used in a particular situation, often in a business or political context; a guidebook or manual that outlines a specific plan of action
endorsement	n: an official statement of approval or support for a person, policy, product, or service; a signature or stamp on a legal document
trump	n: a playing card with a picture of a trumpeter on it, used in certain card games
president	n: the leader of a republic, for example, the US; the person in charge of the organization such as a company, university, club, etc.
protest	n: a strong expression of disagreement, disapproval, or opposition
refugee	n: a displaced person who has crossed national borders and who cannot or is unwilling to return home due to political, religious, or economic reasons or because of a war
gem	n: a precious or semiprecious stone, usually of high quality and often used as jewelry; something that is considered to be a highly prized and valuable possession or attribute of a person or thing
liberal	adj: willing to respect or allow many different types of beliefs or behavior; open-minded
labor	n: productive work, especially physical work done for wages; the people who do manual or physical work in a country or company for wage; (verb) to work hard or to strive and make an effort to reach a goal
endorse	v: to officially approve, support, or recommend someone or something
define	v: to state or explain precisely the nature, scope, or meaning of something
union	n: a group of employees who have banded together to advocate for their rights and better their working conditions; the act or the state of joining together or being joined together
fame	n: the condition of being well-known and discussed by a large number of people as a result of one’s accomplishments, abilities, and so on
bastion	n: a strong fortress or a stronghold that defends or protects
liberalism	n: a political ideology or philosophy that emphasizes individual freedom, democracy, and equality
decide	v: to make up someone’s mind about something; to come to a conclusion or judgment after considering options
novel	n: an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story; (adjective) original and of a kind not seen before
vision	n: the ability to think about or see the future with imagination and intelligence; the faculty of being able to see
negative	adj: having the quality of something bad or harmful; expressing refusal
emphasize	v: to give or show particular importance to something
capita	n: a Latin word meaning “head,” used to express the amount for each person; any head or headlike expansion on a structure, as on a bone
stick	v: to put something, usually a sharp object, into something; to restrict yourself to doing or using one certain thing and not change; (noun) a thin piece of wood or other material
relentless	adj: persistent and determined; continuing despite difficulties or setbacks
voter	n: a person who votes or has a legal right to vote in a political election
transparent	adj: easy to perceive, detect, or understand; (of a material or article) permitting light to pass through freely
elect	v: to choose someone for a specific position by voting for them; to decide or choose to do something
vibrant	adj: full of energy, life, and enthusiasm
ethos	n: the set of beliefs and attitudes that belong to a particular community, nation, ideology, or a person
philanthropy	n: the practice of voluntarily helping the poor, especially by giving money
institutionalize	v: to establish or make something a part of an institution (= a place such as a university, hospital, etc.)
nonprofit	adj: not established for commercial profit
folk	n: people in general, especially those of a particular group or type
sacrifice	n: the act of killing an animal or person or surrendering a possession as an offering to a deity; (verb) to give up something important or valuable to help another person or get or do something that seems more important
circus	n: a traveling show or entertainment that often features acrobats, clowns, animals, and other performers; a chaotic, confusing, or tumultuous situation or environment
promoter	n: a person or organization that helps to promote or publicize something, such as an event, product, or idea
magnetism	n: the force that causes attraction or repulsion between magnetic substances; a charismatic or attractive quality that attracts people or causes them to be drawn to someone or something
republican	n: a person who supports or advocates for a particular form of government, typically one that has an elected head of state rather than a monarch; a member or supporter of the Republican Party in the United States
democracy	n: a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so
philosophy	n: the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind
disagree	v: to have or express a different opinion, idea, etc.
ultimate	adj: furthest or highest in degree or order
division	n: the act or outcome of splitting into separate parts; a critical organizational unit or sector
politician	n: a person who is a member of a government or law-making organization, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc.
innovate	v: to introduce new methods, ideas, or products
conventional	adj: based on or following traditional rules, standards, customs, etc.
wisdom	n: the quality of being wise, or the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make sensible decisions
dumb	adj: lacking the power of speech, unable to speak; stupid, or lacking intelligence
constituency	n: a group of people who live in a particular geographic area and are represented politically by an elected official; a body of customers or clients who regularly use a particular service or product
divisive	adj: tending to cause disagreement or hostility between people
instinct	n: an inborn behavioral pattern that is often responsive to specific stimuli; an innate feeling that causes you to act or believe that something is true
dynamic	adj: having a lot of energy, ideas, and enthusiasm, and a strong personality; of or relating to dynamics (= the branch of physics and engineering concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies)
replace	v: to take the place of something
policy	n: a set of rules, guidelines, principles, or procedures that govern decision-making or action, often used in the context of business or government; a course of action or plan of action adopted or followed by an organization or individual to achieve a goal or objective
fortunate	adj: having good luck or lucky
bipartisan	adj: involving or supported by both of the main political parties in a country
movement	n: a group of people working together to achieve a shared goal, especially a political, social, or artistic one; the process of moving or being moved, physically or figuratively
hero	n: a person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities; a character in literature or history who is central to the plot and who exhibits heroic qualities
bush	n: a plant growing thickly with many small branches and several stiff stems coming up from the root
evaluate	v: to assess or estimate the quality, significance, quantity, or value of something
broad	adj: very wide; general
numerical	adj: relating to, expressed, or denoted by a number
demonstrate	v: to display something or give an exhibition to an interested audience
unfortunately	adv: by bad luck; unluckily
publicize	v: to make information or news publicly known or communicated, to promote or spread awareness of
congress	n: a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups
eventually	adv: finally, particularly after a long time or a lot of struggle, complications, and so on
spirit	n: the part of a person which is the seat of their mind, feelings, and character rather than their physical body; the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people
governor	n: the person who holds the highest executive office in a state or province
premise	n: a statement or proposition that is held to be true or from which a conclusion can be drawn
publicly	adv: in a manner accessible to or observable by the public; by the government
troop	n: a group of soldiers, especially a large one; a group of people, animals, or things considered as a unit.
principle	n: a fundamental law or truth that explains or controls how something happens or works
tuition	n: the act of teaching something, especially when given to a small group or one person; fees charged by education institutions for instruction or other services
crack	v: to break or cause to break without dividing into separate parts; (noun) a line on the surface of something along which it has separated without breaking
mayor	n: an elected official who presides over a city or town government
fan	n: a person who admires and supports a person, group, sport, sports team, etc.; a device for creating a current of air by the movement of a surface or surfaces
statistics	n: the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data
basis	n: the most important facts, ideas, or events from which something is developed; the way how things are organized or arranged
allocate	v: to give or distribute something, such as resources or duties, to someone or something for a particular purpose
shrink	v: to become smaller, or to make something smaller in size or amount
frame	n: a strong border or structure of the wood, metal, etc. that surrounds something such as a picture, door, or window
quarter	n: one of four equal parts; a fourth part or portion
problematic	adj: full of difficulties; difficult to deal with or solve
standpoint	n: a particular perspective or position from which something is viewed or considered; a point of view or opinion on a specific matter
kidney	n: either of a pair of small organs in the body that filter waste products, especially urea, from the blood and excrete them and water in urine
homicide	n: the act or instance of killing another person; murder, manslaughter, or other unlawful violent killings
deploy	v: to move troops or weapons into a position or military action; to bring into something in an effective way
violent	adj: involving or caused by physical force or aggression against someone or something
genius	n: someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality
identify	v: to recognize someone or something and say or prove who or what they are
achieve	v: to successfully complete a task or goal, often through hard work, perseverance, and dedication; to attain or accomplish something that one has set out to do
progression	n: the act or process of changing to the next stage or phase or moving forward
cheaply	adv: in a stingy or inexpensive manner
strategy	n: a detailed plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall goal.
homeless	adj: without a home, and therefore typically living on the streets
communal	adj: belonging to or used by a group rather than individuals; for common use
vacant	adj: not occupied or in use; empty; showing no indication of thought or life, lacking expression or animation
abandon	v: to leave a place, thing, or person with no intention of returning; (noun) a feeling of extreme emotional intensity
accomplish	v: to finish or achieve something successfully
implement	v: to put a decision, plan, or system into effect
contrast	v: to put in opposition to show or emphasize differences
creative	adj: relating to or involving the use of skill and original and unusual ideas to create something
opposition	n: the act of disagreeing or resisting; the state of strong disagreement
engine	n: a machine that converts thermal energy to mechanical work; something that has an important role used to achieve a purpose
utilize	v: to use something for a practical purpose in an effective way
silo	n: a tall, cylindrical structure, usually made of concrete or steel, that is used for storing grain, feed, or other dry materials; a system or structure that is isolated or separate from others
government	n: the group of people with authority to control a country or state
stakeholder	n: a person or group that has an interest or concern in something, especially a business
obvious	adj: easy to see, discover or understand
improvisation	n: the act of making something up on the spot or creating or performing something without preparation
employee	n: a person who is hired to work for a business or organization in exchange for wages or salary; a worker
morale	n: the emotional or mental state of a person or group, especially in relation to confidence, enthusiasm, and determination
tradition	n: a belief, custom, or way of doing something that has been passed down from generation to generation within a group or society
responsible	adj: answerable or accountable for something within one’s power, control, or management
graduate	n: a person who has a first degree from university or college; (verb) to complete the first course of university or college and get a degree
dawn	n: the time of day when the sun’s light starts to show in the sky
sect	n: a group of people who follow a particular religious or philosophical belief system, especially one that is regarded as outside the norm or mainstream
riot	n: a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd, characterized by destruction of property, looting, arson, and attacks on individuals
predominantly	adv: mainly, mostly, or primarily; having the greatest influence or power in a particular situation or group
recognize	v: to acknowledge or realize something or someone; to identify, remember, or become aware of something that was previously known or encountered
commemorate	v: to honor the memory of someone or something by ceremony or tribute
awful	adj: causing fear, dread, or terror; very bad or unpleasant
expectancy	n: the anticipation, belief, or likelihood of something happening or occurring in the future; the state of expecting or looking forward to something
disparity	n: a significant difference or inequality between two or more things
native	adj: connecting with or describing someone’s birth country or place of birth, or someone born in a specific country or place
council	n: a group of people who have been elected or appointed to make decisions or give advice on a particular subject or in a particular place
religion	n: a deep conviction in a supernatural power that controls human destiny
regardless	adv: not paying attention or considering something or someone even if the situation is bad or there are difficulties
county	n: an administrative division of a country or state, typically one of several comprising a larger division
squander	v: to spend or use something wastefully; to waste by spending or using too freely
aspiration	n: a strong desire to achieve something; the action or process of drawing breath
grasp	v: to take hold of something or someone quickly and firmly
opportune	adj: suitable or happening at a time that is suitable or convenient for a particular purpose
innovation	n: the creation of a new device or process resulting from study and experimentation